One of the main factors in the successful invasion of invasive plants is their allelopathy on the growth performance (especially seed germination and seedling growth) of neighboring plants. Salt stress, mainly mediated by soil salinization, may affect or even facilitate the process of invasion of invasive plants via their allelopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathy effect of four Asteraceae invasive plants, including Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.), horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.), rallway beggaricks (Bidens pilosa L.), and daisy fleabane (Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.), on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under a gradient of salt stress in an hydroponic incubation experiment. Salt stress significantly reduced seed germination and seedling growth of L. sativa. These four invasive plants are known to negatively affect seed germination and seedling growth of L. sativa through their allelopathy. The allelopathy of S. canadensis was stronger than that of the three other invasive plants. Salt stress significantly intensified the allelopathy of the four studied invasive plants (especially S. canadensis), and the facilitation of salt stress on the allelopathy of the four invasive plants (especially S. canadensis) significantly increased with increasing intensity of salt stress. Therefore, the increased level of salt stress may facilitate the process of invasion of the four studied invasive plants (especially S. canadensis) via their increased allelopathy negatively affecting the seed germination and seedling growth of neighboring plant species.

Invasive alien plants not only alter the structure and function of ecosystems but can also pose serious threats to native biodiversity. Understanding vegetation dynamics and succession across temporal gradients remains a central issue in plant ecology, yet the long-term effects of plant invasions on biodiversity lack a clear consensus. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 635 datasets drawn from 79 peer-reviewed publications to quantitatively assess the temporal impacts of invasive alien plants on plant diversity. The results indicate that alien plant invasion significantly reduced plant diversity at invaded sites (-22.57%), and diversity showed a non-significant negative trend with invasion duration (Qm = 0.89, P = 0.344). External disturbances showed a partial restorative effect: compared with invaded plots, disturbed plots had on average 13.71% higher diversity, but their diversity remained 11.07% lower than that of uninvaded plots. Subgroup analyses further revealed that climatic zone, habitat type, and disturbance type are key moderators of invasion impacts on diversity, with their effects being more pronounced under disturbance conditions. These results indicate that alien plant invasion has a significantly negative impact on plant diversity, whereas the regulatory role of invasion duration on diversity change is relatively limited. When evaluating its ecological consequences and formulating biodiversity conservation strategies, environmental background factors such as climatic zone, habitat type, and disturbance regime should be comprehensively considered. This study provides quantitative evidence for assessing the ecological impacts of plant invasions across environmental contexts and for informing biodiversity conservation.

Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soils endangers environmental health and food security by inducing phytotoxicity, disrupting nutrient balance, and impairing essential physiological functions in crops. A good and long-lasting method of reducing the negative effects of arsenic on plants is to use biofertilizers, which are microbial combinations that aid in plant growth and nutrient movement. This work describes new developments in the use of microbial biofertilizers, namely nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and bacteria that solubilize phosphate, sulfur, and zinc, to remove arsenic (As) from agricultural environments. These methods rely on microbial enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases, catalase, arsenate reductase (ArsC), and arsenite oxidase (AioA). Utilizing biofertilizers in conjunction with organic transporters such as biochar increases the activity of soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase), increases the soil’s capacity to retain As (from 21.4 to 35.9 mg/g), and reduces the accumulated As in edible tissues by 10.8

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection represents a major global health concern related to gastric cancer. University students are at a critical stage of forming health knowledge and behaviors and are expected to play an educational role in future family health, yet research on their HP awareness and practices remains insufficient. This study adopted a cross-sectional design based on convenience sampling and investigated 2,025 university students in East China using a reliable self-developed questionnaire. Among the 1,791 participants who had heard of HP, 30.6%, 42.9%, and 26.5% respectively demonstrated low, moderate, and high levels of HP knowledge. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression revealed that gender, major type, family geographic district, household’s per capita living area, father’s education attainment, and family history of gastrointestinal diseases were independent influencing factors for HP knowledge. Only 22.9% of the participants had ever undergone HP screening, among whom the infection rate was 26.3%. Multivariable binary logistic regression indicated that grade, major type, parental education attainment, gastrointestinal discomfort in the last year, and family history of gastrointestinal diseases significantly influenced screening participation. Meanwhile, frequent consumption of coffee/milk tea, frequent consumption of seafood, higher frequency of fruit and vegetable intake, and household tableware sharing were associated with HP infection. University students exhibited moderate HP knowledge and low screening rates, influenced by multiple factors. Targeted health education and screening promotion are needed to enhance their role in family health communication.

Certain invasive plant species, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides and Wedelia trilobata, have been reported to accumulate trace metals in their tissues (the elemental defense hypothesis). We hypothesized that such metal pollution enhances herbivory resistance in these metal-accumulating invasive plants, giving them a competitive advantage over native species by serving as a defence mechanism against herbivory. To test this, we compared the growth and herbivore feeding preferences of the invasive species (A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata) and their native congeners (A. sessilis and W. chinensis) under both monoculture and mixed culture conditions, with and without cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil. We found that the invasive plant species A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase activities than their native counterparts, while native plant species A. sessilis and W. chinensis had significantly higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl ions (O2 center dot-) in their leaves and roots, respectively, following Cd toxicity. Invasive A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata plants were also shown to be more resistant to Cd stress and to accumulate more Cd in their roots, stems, and leaves than A. sessilis and W. chinensis. In comparison to native A. sessilis and W. chinensis, invading plant species A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata become more resistant to Spodoptera litura herbivory after being exposed to Cd. Competition studies showed that, with or without herbivore pressures, Cd stress significantly boosted A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata competitive advantage over A. sessilis and W. chinesis. Cadmium contamination reduced soil enzyme activities, with invasive species and mixed cultures showing greater resilience than natives, highlighting their potential for phytoremediation. Our results thus demonstrate that both A. philoxeroides and W. trilobata are able to employ Cdtriggered defenses to support colonization, even under S. litura infestation, in Cd-contaminated soil.

Tire wear particles (TWPs), a major source of microplastic pollution, are mainly released in soils. TWPs are rubber-mineral composites that release evolving mixtures of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and reactive additives and transformation products (e.g., N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone). Unlike polymer-based microplastics, both TWP particle properties and leachate composition change with aging, potentially causing nonlinear toxic effects on ecosystems. Though TWPs are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments, their impacts on plant performance cannot be extrapolated from polymer-focused microplastic research. Here, we synthesize emerging evidence and propose a plant-centric, eco-evolutionary framework to explain how TWPs influence plants through soil-rhizosphere pathways. We emphasize three connected paradigms: (i) disentangling particle-driven physical effects on soil structure and root habitats from leachate-mediated chemical stress; (ii) integrating plant physiology, soil biogeochemistry, and pollutant chemistry to capture rhizosphere "hotspots" and microfood-web responses; and (iii) linking mechanistic understanding to exposure modeling, risk assessment, and policy. We organize TWP impacts as an inputs-processes-outputs chain, where dynamic exposure inputs (particle traits, mixtures, aging state, root-particle contact, etc.) regulate processes (chemical mobilization, microenvironment change, biotic interactions, etc.) and shape plant performance and plant-soil feedbacks. We propose testable hypotheses, including that weathering shifts dominant impacts from particle to leachate pathways and that root-particle interfaces create localized exposure gradients that restructure nutrient coupling and plant-microbe interactions. Finally, we outline research priorities such as aging-dependent and long-term assessments and interactions with co-occurring pollutants and global-change drivers to accelerate predictive understanding of TWP risks to soil-plant systems.

Co-invasion recruited by multiple invasive plants (IPS) has potential to create more complicated and severe ecological threats on the ecological functions of native communities in comparison with mono-invasion of one IPS. Nevertheless, it is still unidentified whether species number of IPS (SIPS) is an vital factor regulating IPS’ invasion intensity and community invasibility under the invasion with a SIPS gradient. This study aims to estimate the influences of plant taxonomic diversity, the intensity of interspecific interactions, and IPS’ invasion intensity on the community invasibility under different invasion conditions with a SIPS gradient. A comparative field survey method was used in Jiangsu (including Zhenjiang, Nantong, Yancheng, and Lianyungang), China. Plant communities with the mono-invasion achieved by different IPS species, the co-invasion achieved by two and three IPS, and the uninvaded communities were measured. The mono-invasion caused by one IPS significantly declined the Margalef’s richness compared to the uninvaded communities. Plant taxonomic diversity, IPS’ invasion intensity, and the community invasibility increased as SIPS increases. IPS’ invasion declined the intensity of interspecific interactions. IPS’ invasion intensity and the total relative coverage contributed most to the community invasibility under the invasion with a SIPS gradient.

Invasive weeds often possess strong resistance to biotic stresses, which causes huge ecological problems. Both plant growth regulators (PGRs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to plant growth and resistance. However, their combined interactions in invasive plants' defense remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides was treated with gibberellins (GA) and paclobutrazol (PAC), inoculated with Clariodeoglous etunicatum to test its response to pathogenic fungi. We found that these two PGRs suppressed AM fungi colonization. Both GA and AM fungi significantly promoted aboveground plant growth, while the two PGRs and AM fungi reduced pathogen infection. Metabolite analysis revealed that AM fungi inoculation significantly elevated vanillic acid, gentisic acid, and pomiferin content. Moreover, flavone, organic acid, and amino acids were positively related with plant growth, while jasmonic acid and amino acids were correlated with plant resistance. Our findings provide direct evidence that, through PGRs and metabolites, AM fungi could be "chemical armed" and contribute to plant growth and resistance to pathogens. These findings offer new insights into how PGRs and AM fungi modulate metabolites to enhance invasive plants' resistance, which might contribute to understanding the mechanism of plant invasion and weed management in agro-ecosystem.

Rhizosphere microorganisms are a key factor on the growth and health of the host plant. Plant invasion, global warming and nitrogen (N) deposition have posed serious threats to native plants, but it is still unclear how these global factors influence the rhizosphere microorganisms of the native plants. In the present research, we studied how Solidago canadensis invasion, rising temperature and N deposition separately and in pairs (invasion + rising temperature, invasion + N deposition) affect the rhizosphere bacterial community of a native plant Artemisia argyi in China through a controlled experiment in a greenhouse. Rising temperature and adding N separately reduced the rhizosphere bacterial richness of A. argyi (p < 0.05). The rhizosphere bacterial community structure of A. argyi was considerably altered by the invasion of S. canadensis at 50

The rapid construction of monolithic adsorbents through forming technology has the potential to promote the application for fuel desulfurization. In this work, 3D-C@SSZ-13 monolithic adsorbents, resin carbonized carbon coated SSZ-13 zeolites, were constructed by the strategy of LCD printing and carbonization. Wherein, SSZ-13 zeolites can not only serve as the skeleton of carbonized monolith, but also enhance the acid sites and increase the overall acidity. A series of characterizations were employed to analyze the microstructure, physicochemical properties, mechanical properties of 3D-C@SSZ-13. The influence of macroscopic three-dimensional structures on adsorption efficiency was investigated in detail. Under the condition of maintaining similar macroscopic size and mass, three-dimensional structures with larger macroscopic surface area can make the adsorbent surface more efficient in contact with fuel, improve mass transfer efficiency, and also expose more adsorption active sites. The 3D-C@SSZ-13 monolithic adsorbent possessed good dynamic adsorption performance with the saturation capacity of 6.19 mg-S/g, and can also achieve the resource recovery of sulfides. Further investigation applied it to real diesel, and also showed a certain practical desulfurization effect.

Drought stress exacerbates non-stomatal water loss, which hinders agricultural growth and global food security. The cuticle, a layer of cutin, waxes, and other polymers, protects plants from the negative impact of drought. One crucial adaptation that has enabled terrestrial plants to survive and flourish in drought-prone regions is the development of cuticle structures. In this review, we (1) provide an overview of the molecular and enzymatic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of cutin and wax; (2) analyze important regulatory networks that control the formation of cuticles, such as abscisic acid (ABA) mediated signaling and transcription factors (SHN1/WIN1, MYB, NAC); (3) synthesis functional evidence of cuticle contributions to drought resilience across species; (4) evaluate how cuticle-related mutants and transgenic lines of genes such as ECERIFERUM1, Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase 1 and Lipid Transfer Protein GPI-Anchored 22 (e.g., CER1, FAR1, LTPG22) change the composition of lipids and impact drought phenotypes; and (5) present lipidomic as a targeted phenotyping method to measure changes in very-long-chain alkanes, primary alcohols, and cutin monomers under water deficit. In Arabidopsis, camelina, cotton, rice, wheat, and turfgrass, we employ gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for accurate detection and quantification of fatty acid content, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid components to identify lipid-remodeling patterns that are consistent across all of these plants and are associated with drought tolerance and barrier integrity. Finally, we discuss how to create "drought-smart" crops by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection, CRISPR-Cas9 editing of KCS (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase) and ERF (ethylene-responsive factor) genes, and overexpression approaches. This establishes the foundation for integrating cuticle biology with novel omics methods.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants in agricultural ecosystems, accumulating in soils and adversely affecting plant growth and crop yields. Although their toxicity is increasingly reported, the role of stress mitigators in reducing MNPs-induced toxicity in soil-plant systems remains insufficiently summarized. This review evaluates current research on mitigation strategies, including nanoparticles, phytohormones, biochar, chemicals, nutrients, plant growth-promoting bacteria and rhizobacteria, fungi, and signaling molecules. Evidence shows that these mitigators can reduce MNPs-induced stress by improving rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency, and regulating biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses. In addition, important tolerance pathways and mechanisms influenced by these mitigators are also discussed. The review highlights major knowledge gaps in existing studies and proposes future research directions. Overall, it provides a concise framework to guide the development of effective mitigation approaches to address MNPs contamination and improve sustainable crop production under emerging environmental stress conditions.

One of the most promising new technologies under investigation is green-synthesized nanoparticles (GSNPs), which address the growing need for ecologically friendly farming practices. GSNPs derived from microorganisms, plant extracts, or other biological agents are therefore more environmentally friendly because they are better for living organisms and have fewer negative impacts than chemically derived nanomaterials. This systematic review, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, consolidates findings from 140 peer-reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2024, sourced through Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. This review provides a thorough evaluation of the functional roles and possible risks of GSNPs in plant systems, examining their recorded effects on growth, stress management, pest control, and nutrient uptake, while acknowledging the limitations of current evidence. The effects of GSNPs on gene expression, photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic pathways, and antioxidant activity in plants are examined in detail. Notably, they facilitate plant nutrient absorption and help regulate rhizosphere microbial migration under abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal contamination. To understand how GSNPs interact with plant tissues, the study examines their characterization methods, physicochemical properties, and biosynthetic processes. Despite their many agricultural advantages, little is known about their long-term environmental impacts, potential toxicity to plants, and bioaccumulation in living organisms. To achieve responsible deployment, the evaluation emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate plant sciences, nanotechnology, and environmental safety assessments. This review consolidates recent research trends, highlights critical areas requiring further investigation, and outlines key topics for future exploration, particularly those related to long-term environmental impacts, trophic dynamics, and the development of standardized risk assessment protocols. Ultimately, to fully harness the capabilities of GSNPs for sustainable agriculture, it is essential to advance our foundational knowledge, application technologies, and regulatory science concurrently. This ensures that the objectives related to environmental integrity and food safety remain intact.

Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) contamination in urban riverine core sediments can reveal pollution trends linked to anthropogenic activities and urbanization. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the vertical distribution, contamination, and ecological risks ofPTMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) in core sediments from the Ravi River. Core sediments down to 75 cm depth from three locations were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and a sequential extraction method was used to assess the geochemical fractionation of PTMs. The results showed that As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb were higher inmiddle layers, especially for core sediments from densely populated site (Core A). The geo-accumulation index (I-geo) revealed moderate to high Cd contamination in upper layers and moderate Pb contamination in middle layers of Core A and Core B, due to which the overall ecological risk was high. The As, Cu, Pb, and V geochemical fractions were bound to Fe and Mn oxides with higher proportions after respective residual fractions. Risk assessment code (RAC) calculations indicated Cd and Sr were at moderate risks of bioavailability (>50%). Multivariate statistical analyses showed multiple associations among PTMs, suggesting anthropogenic influence predominantly driven by industrial activities.

Heavy metals and microplastics (MPs) are persistent co-contaminants in agricultural soils, posing serious threats to agricultural sustainability. Biochar (BC) amendments have demonstrated potential for soil remediation and health improvement, but their efficacy in soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and MPs remains unclear. A factorial pot experiment evaluated four biochars derived from Solidago canadensis L. (SBU-BC), corn straw (CoB), rice straw (RoB), and peach twigs (PoB) in soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), applied individually or together. After a growth cycle of Pak choi (Brassica rapa chinensis L.), soil properties and plant physiological indices (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) were assessed. Co-contamination of Cd and MPs synergistically exacerbated oxidative stress in plants, elevating leaf superoxide dismutase activity by 32% relative to single-stress conditions. Among the BC treatments, SBU-BC proved most effective, alleviating stress, increasing Pak choi biomass by 15.5%, reducing Cd accumulation in shoots and roots by nearly 20%, and enhancing soil nutrient availability (e.g., cation exchange capacity, nitrate). These findings suggest that SBU-BC may contribute to better soil conditions and increased crop resilience under Cd and MPs co-contaminated soils, however, further field-scale trials are required to validate its effectiveness under real agricultural conditions.

Co-invasion can accelerate the loss of native plant biodiversity and impose more severe impacts on ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to regulate competitive relationships among plants, yet their role in mediating competition between co-occurring invaders across different proportional abundances remains largely unexplored. We conducted a field survey to assess mycorrhizal colonization in naturally co-occurring populations of two invasive plants, Bidens pilosa and Sphagneticola trilobata. Additionally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine how AMF affects the growth and competition of these two invaders. We found that the mycorrhizal colonization rate was significantly higher in co-occurring communities than in monospecific sites. The greenhouse experiment showed that AMF-induced growth promotion decreased with increasing proportion of the invader. AMF effectively alleviated inter-specific competition between the co-invaders, although this effect weakened as the competition intensified. However, AMF exacerbated intra-specific competition in both species under monoculture conditions. This study reveals the complex, density-dependent role of AMF in modulating both inter- and intra-specific competition between co-occurring invaders. Our findings highlight that AMF can shift the competitive balance depending on plant proportional abundance.

Microplastics, recognized as emerging contaminants in soil ecosystems, can alter soil microbial community structure and networks; however, the mechanisms by which different particle sizes of microplastics affect soil microbial functional groups and network structure remain insufficient understood. To address this research gap, we conducted a 120-day incubation experiment in which soil was amended with polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with different sizes (1300, 800, 100, and 0.1 μm) to systematically evaluate their effects on soil microbial diversity, functional groups, and co-occurrence network structure, as well as to explore the potential pathways underlying these effects. Our results showed a clear size-dependent effects of PS-MPs on soil microbial communities, with nano-sized PS-MPs (0.1 μm) causing the most pronounced effects. For example, 0.1 μm PS-MPs significantly altered microbial community diversity, functional groups (such as bacterial nitrogen-cycling guilds, fungal saprotrophs and symbiotrophs), and bacterial co-occurrence network structure (complexity index shifted from −1.65 to 3.62), whereas PS-MPs of other sizes had no significant effects on microbial community diversity, functional groups, or co-occurrence network structure (all p > 0.05). Both microbial richness and diversity were generally negatively associated with microbial biomass and enzyme activity, whereas beta diversity and network complexity were mainly linked to microbial biomass, soil organic matter, enzyme activity, and nutrient availability. Furthermore, PS-MPs influenced the complexity of microbial co-occurrence networks indirectly by regulating microbial biomass, community diversity, and soil environmental conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that decreasing microplastic particle size can progressively influence soil microbial community composition, predicted functional potential, and ecological network structure under controlled incubation conditions.

Plants are increasingly exposed to simultaneous warming, drought, and herbivory, yet how invasive and native species regulate carbon allocation under these interacting stressors remains poorly understood. We conducted a full-factorial greenhouse experiment manipulating temperature (+3 °C), soil water availability, and herbivory to compare carbon allocation responses in the invasive Solidago canadensis and its native congener S. decurrens. Drought emerged as the dominant driver of carbon reallocation, shifting investment away from biomass production and photosynthetic function toward belowground allocation, osmotic adjustment, defense, and structural reinforcement. Herbivory imposed additional carbon demands and modified drought-induced responses, particularly by constraining phenolic accumulation under combined stress, whereas warming had comparatively weaker and largely context-dependent effects. Our results showed that the two species differed in how carbon was distributed under stress: S. canadensis maintained greater biomass, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and hemicellulose, whereas S. decurrens showed stronger investment in structural components. Structural equation models further revealed contrasting pathways linking physiological, defensive, and structural traits to biomass, supporting species-specific strategies of carbon allocation under multiple stressors. These findings suggest that the greater carbon-allocation flexibility observed in S. canadensis may contribute to maintaining performance under increasingly variable environmental conditions. However, because S. canadensis was raised directly from field-collected seeds without a refresher generation, potential maternal environmental effects cannot be completely excluded. Overall, our findings identify coordinated redistribution of carbon among competing functional pools as a potential mechanism underlying contrasting stress responses in these two congeneric species.

The mechanism driving the effects of the species number of plants (S, including native and invasive plants) on the invasion intensity of invasive plants (IPS) and community invasibility under co-invasion has not been fully elucidated. In addition, it is not clear which environmental factor has the strongest influence on the community invasibility under co-invasion across a gradient of S. This study aims to estimate the relationship among S, invasion intensity of IPS, and community invasibility, and the influence of environmental factors on the community invasibility under co-invasion mediated by two IPS across a gradient of S. The present study employed a comparative field survey method in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. The appraised plant communities encompassed a co-invasion mediated by two IPS across a gradient of S ranging from three to eight plant species per community. As S, plant diversity, dominance, evenness, and richness increase, the invasion intensity of IPS and community invasibility significantly decreased. The invasion intensity of IPS was significantly positively correlated to the community invasibility. Thus, the community invasibility may be positively affected by the invasion intensity of IPS, but negatively affected by plant taxonomic diversity under co-invasion mediated by two IPS.

Forest reformation can improve productivity and ecological service functions of forest resources. Nonetheless, the influence of different ways of forest reformation on soil microbial communities is still a complex and controversial issue. In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementary seedling planting (hereafter referred to as "filling seedlings") in secondary Pinus massoniana forests on soil bacterial community. We collected soil samples from original secondary P. massoniana forest and the forests filled with P. massoniana seedlings for 2, 4, and 6 years, respectively. We found that filling seedlings in the secondary P. massoniana forests changed the bacterial community structure compared to the original secondary forests. Filling seedlings in secondary P. massoniana forest significantly decreased soil bacterial abundance from 2.12 × 107 copies g-1 soil to 8.91 × 106 copies g-1 soil (n = 3) after six years of reformation, a decrease by 58.0%. Acidobacteriota (34.96% averagely) was the dominant phylum and Xiphinematobacteraceae (5.76% averagely) was the dominant family in all P. massoniana forests in this study. Soil parameters such as soil pH, soil organic matter, NH4+, NO3-, and total and soluble P were significantly correlated with the structure of bacterial communities (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bacterial community structure and diversity changed over time during forest recovery. Our study demonstrated that filling seedlings in secondary P. massoniana forests could change soil bacterial community, which might in turn affect the nutrient cycling. This study provides scientific basis for managing low quality P. massoniana forests.