Data taking has been started at the first stage of the SPASCHARM experiment on systematic study of the spin effects in strong interactions. The current setup configuration is described, and the detector characteristics attained during the beam data taking in the runs of 2018–2022 are listed.

The 10 m(2 )muon hodoscope made of drift tubes with length of 3.7 m and diameter of 52 mm is under development and construction at the NRC Kurchatov Institute-IHEP. In total, 768 drift tubes are grouped into six identical multilayers, each consisting of two tube layers with parallelly placed tubes. The orientation of tubes in adjacent multilayers is orthogonal; thus, the hodoscope has six X and six Y layers of tubes. The mechanical structure, on-chamber electronics, and data acquisition system are described. Expected technical characteristics and some test results are presented.

A hybrid muon hodoscope for muonography of large-scale objects has been created in the Scientific and Educational Centre NEVOD (MEPhI) with the participation of the National Research Center “KI”–IHEP. The multichannel detecting system of the hodoscope consists of a scintillation strip detector and a detector on drift tubes and is designed to detect tracks of charged particles, mainly muons, flying through the detector volume. The drift tube detector is an important recording element of the muon hodoscope, providing high angular and spatial accuracy of muon track reconstruction. The article describes the design of the drift tube detector, the principles of operation of the readout electronics, and also provides the main technical characteristics.

Aim to compare the results of vacuum aspiration biopsy (VAB) and sectoral resection in the treatment of benign breast tumors. Material and methods.During the study we compared the results of treatment in two groups of patients. The main group included 50 patients (mean age 54.830.934 years) who underwent VAB, the control group comprised 55 patients (mean age 55.7041.998 years) who underwent sectoral resection. Before the surgery, a tumor biopsy was performed with the following cytological and histological examination. The diagnosis of fibroadenoma was predominant. After the operation, a histological analysis of the received preparations was done. We assessed the immediate postoperative results, such as: blood loss, operation time, intensity of pain syndrome, bed-day number, quality of life after the operation. Results.The duration of surgery was significantly lower in patients with VAB than in patients with sectoral resection (p=0.000). The blood loss after surgery did not differ significantly (p=0.921) and did not exceed 10 ml in both groups. The groups under study were comparable according to the results of the histological examination (Student's t-test was 0.501, p=0.651). In each group, the pain syndrome was assessed in the postoperative period according to a 10-point pain scale after 3 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 5 days and 10 days after surgical intervention. In the VAB group, the scores were significantly lower, p=0.000. The average number of bed-days in patients of the control group was 10.322.814, in the main group 1 day, the difference was statistically significant (p=0.000). The frequency of possible complications (hematoma, seroma, infection, deformity of the mammary gland, residual masses after removal) was significantly lower (p=0.013) in patients of the main group. When assessing the life quality of patients after surgery with the MOS SF-36 questionnaire, we found that the indicators were significantly higher in patients of the VAB group (Psychological Health Scale p=0.008, Social Functioning Scale p=0.003, Physical Condition Scale p=0.041).

The SPASCHARM experiment is aimed at a systematic study of the nucleon spin structure and the spin dependence of the strong interaction of antimatter and matter with matter at energies up to 45 GeV. As part of the first stage of the experiment, the study of the spin properties of hadrons will take place in a beam of negatively charged hadrons on existing beamline 14 at the operating SPASCHARM setup at the U70 facility. At the second stage, the production of polarized beams of protons and antiprotons is envisaged in beamline 24A of the U-70 accelerator facility. A polarized antiproton beam will certainly become a unique beam in the world. It is planned to measure single-spin asymmetries in dozens of reactions, both on hydrogen and on various nuclei. At the SPASCHARM facility, it is also possible to measure the transverse polarization of hyperons and elements of the spin density matrix of vector mesons. The spin structure of the nucleon will be investigated in the study of quarkonium production to determine the contribution of gluons to the proton spin. The presence of two types of polarized beams and eight types of nonpolarized beams (π ± , K ± , p , p̅ , d , C ), in combination with a polarized target, expands the range of studies of polarization phenomena and enhances the uniqueness of the project.

The author's great contribution to the study of the marginal policy of the Russian Empire is noted, and his new approach to the study of this problem is evaluated. The high level of competence of Professor L. M. Dameshek in the subject under consideration is emphasized, which makes it possible to make a deep and comprehensive analysis of the topic stated in the title of the monograph.

As a part of ITER diagnostics design and development, ultrasonic and stick-slip piezoelectric motors and several types of piezoelectric ceramics were tested under severe neutron and gamma ray irradiation (-10(19) per cm(2) at E > 0.1 MeV) in a pool-type fission reactor. The fission neutron and gamma ray spectra were corrected to comply with conditions expected under ITER divertor cassettes. Taking into account possible neutron-induced amorphization of crystal structure, four types of piezoelectric ceramics were pre-selected. To restore the electronic structure of piezoelectric ceramic damaged by gamma rays, recovery polarization (i.e. heating while applying reverse bias) was suggested. The motors and piezoceramic samples were assessed for performance before and after irradiation as well as after recovery polarization. Recovery polarization was performed at 330 degrees C as it is expected close to the divertor cassettes during baking. Two most promising types of piezoelectric ceramics survived multiple cycles of depolarization/polarization at both 330 degrees C and 200 degrees C as appropriate for baking ITER divertor and vacuum vessel, respectively. All the experiments and procedures are described in detail.

The article presents the results of the comprehensive study of various methods of peeled potatoes preparation for vacuuming, including microbiological indicators assessment. The research were conducted in 2015-2018 at the experimental base of Russian Potato Research Centre (Moscow region, Lyuberetsky district). The objectives in four smell when opening the package, and after cooking, a dense shell was often observed on the surface of tubers, seriously impairing their taste and consistency.4. When stored up to 15 days in vacuum package heat treatment of the potatoes is not required. It was also acceptable to cook the tubers for 30 minutes both before and after vacuuming. Such a way the fi nal product was of high quality, but had a less presentable appearance.5. The lower the storage temperature, the higher the resistance of the tubers’ fl esh to darkening, the higher the safety of their turgor and, in general, the longer the maximum storage period.6. When storing potatoes in vacuum package, there was no signifi cant decrease in vitamin «C» content (from 19.7 to 18.5 and from 29.0 to 28.2 mg%, depending on the variety). The content of nitrates during 15 days of storage in vacuum packaging decreased by 15-28%, depending on the variety.

Благодаря эпитаксиальной инженерии кристаллических структур появился ряд новых многокомпонентных полупроводниковых материалов, улучшенные свойства которых предлагают значительное повышение производительности по сравнению с кремнием. Способность использовать передовые свойства всего диапазона полупроводниковых материалов, выбирать их оптимальную комбинацию, а не делать ставку на единственный лучший материал позволит преодолеть возникающие сложные проблемы при объединении различных семейств полупроводниковых материалов. Достигнутый прогресс технологий гетероинтеграции в объединении качественно различных полупроводниковых материалов нового класса позволяет обеспечить наилучшую общую производительность устройств высокотехнологичных многофункциональных микросистем.

В статье изложены результаты исследований по проектированию операционного цикла конверсии производственного капитала в денежный капитал в условиях литейно-механического завода, обеспечивающего востребованный рынком рост объема реализации продукции. Операционный цикл конверсии разделен на базовый, где произведенная продукция реализуется на основе маркетинговых технологий, и инновационный цикл, обеспечивающий рост добавленной рыночной стоимости. В качестве инструмента, обеспечивающего мотивацию менеджеров и производственного персонала к непрерывной инновационной деятельности, в технологические затраты базового операционного цикла конверсии включена минимальная (согласно законодательства РФ) оплата труда, а все остальные источники формирования оплаты труда являются параметрами инновационного цикла конверсии. Известно, что наиболее вероятной стоимостью продукции является ее рыночная цена, поэтому инновационная деятельность предприятия направлена на обеспечение равенства добавленной стоимости продукции и ее рыночной цены. Литейно-механическому заводу предложено организовать производство продукции путем трансферта на основе рыночного уклада технологических затрат и потребительских свойств продукции по переделам, являющихся зонами финансовой ответственности. При этом равновесие параметров операционного цикла конверсии необходимо реализовать путем электронно-цифровой системы управленческого учета.

A neutron collimator is developed to attenuate the neutron flux and reduce the residual induced activity in the interportal space of the diagnostic system of neutral particle analyzers of the ITER tokamak reactor. The collimator is installed in the port plug of the ITER vacuum vessel in front of an inlet to the vacuum pipeline of the diagnostic system. The collimator design has a cellular structure with 80% transparency for the neutral atom beam that goes out of the plasma and is recorded by the analyzers. However, because of increased scattering of neutrons in the collimator, their flux in the interportal room in the service zone of diagnostic systems of equatorial port no. 11 is significantly reduced and allows the equivalent dose rate in this zone to be decreased by several times. Thermal analysis showed that, during the reactor operation in modes with generation of the maximum power of 500 MW, the plasma radiation will cause the heating of the collimating grid to a temperature not exceeding 250°C, which makes it possible to select the stainless steel (316L(N)-ITER grade) as a material for manufacturing the collimator. In this case the cyclic strength of the collimator meets the ITER requirements, and it can be used without replacement during the entire deuterium-tritium experiment of the tokamak reactor.

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is distinguished with its biological tumour subtypes as luminal A, B, HER2-positive and triple-negative. The current clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health prescribe neoadjuvant targeted chemotherapy as combined treatment in the HER2-positive cancer subtype. An adequate model for treatment efficacy prediction in such patients had been missing to date.Aim. Development of a mathematical model and its computer realisation for complete morphological regression estimation in patients with primary operable HER2-positive breast cancer.Materials and methods. Statistically significant predictors were estimated with the treatment outcome data on 103 HER2- positive breast cancer cases with neoadjuvant targeted chemotherapy. A binary logistic regression model was developed to account for a dichotomous variable dependency on certain predictors.Results and discussion. Multivariate analysis laid out a mathematical model and software “Complete morphological regression estimation in primary operable EGFR-expressing breast cancer under neoadjuvant chemotherapy”. Our results attest that the program correctly automates a systematic estimation of complete morphological regression achieved prior to neoadjuvant targeted chemotherapy and is clinically justified for optimising treatment regimens in primary operable HER2-positive BC.Conclusion. The mathematical model and computer program developed estimate the rate of complete morphological regression achieved prior to neoadjuvant targeted chemotherapy with a high 92 % sensitivity, 97.33 % specificity and 93.21% accuracy.

Information on the parameters of static atmospheric pressure and total pressure of the incoming air flow is the primary information in the air signal system, which is part of the integrated aircraft control system. This information makes it possible to calculate the altitude and speed of the aircraft for automated and automatic control. Static and total pressures are measured by aerometric parameter sensors, whose technical characteristics largely determine the range and values of the measurement accuracy of the air signal system. Relying on the requirements for aircraft flight safety and in accordance with the existing standards for horizontal and vertical separation, rather stringent requirements are imposed on the accuracy of air pressure measurement. Instrumental errors in measuring static and total air flow pressures with a probability of 0.95 should not exceed 0.02 and 0.05 % of the measurement range. The considered original aerometric pressure sensor based on an optical rule, whose high sensitivity requires minimal deformation of the elastic sensitive element, makes it possible to fulfill these requirements. The non-contact digital information retrieval and the operation of the information system under vacuum conditions significantly increased the efficiency of measurement processes. The paper focuses on an algorithm for calculating the main design parameters of elastic sensitive elements in almost the entire range of their standard sizes taking into account the technical capabilities of the secondary converter. The results of the experiments and experimental studies confirmed the sufficiency of theoretical methods for calculating the parameters of elastic elements for pressure sensors

Проанализированы особенности ионно-солевого состава вод наблюдательных гидрогеологических скважин, используемых для контроля состояния приповерхностной гидросферы на разрабатываемых нефтяных месторождениях Пермского Прикамья. Установлено, что к числу основных компонентов-индикаторов процессов техногенеза наиболее информативно использование содержания в водах хлоридов и сульфатов. Рассмотрены основные факторы, влияющие на формирование фоновых полей данных компонентов.

For investigation of the cosmic muon scattering tomography (MST) concept at NRC ‘‘Kurchatov Institute’’—IHEP the large-scale setup has been constructed. The setup includes 8 planes ($$3\times 3$$ m$${}^{2}$$ each) of 3-layer drift tube chambers, the total quantity of drift tubes is 2304. The drift tubes were filled with gas mixture Ar $$+$$ 7$${\%}$$ CO$${}_{2}$$ at 0.5 bar overpressure on April 2011 and the gas system was closed. Up to now the gas mixture was not refreshed but the chambers are still working. We are presenting long term observation of the drift chambers’ behavior and some performances of the setup for this long period.

Проанализированы результаты режимных геохимических исследований подземных вод на участках разработки нефтяных месторождений. Установлено, что высокое содержание водорастворимых органических соединений не имеет прямой связи с ионно-солевым составом вод на участках наблюдений. Приведены рекомендации по определению генезиса органической составляющей подземных вод и выявлению компонентов нафтидного типа.

The new large-scale coordinate-tracking detector TREK is under construction in MEPhI. It is based on 264 multi-wire drift chambers (4000× 508× 112 mm3 size) developed in IHEP for experiments on the neutrino channel of the U-70 accelerator, and will have 250 m2 of continuous effective area. The main goal of the project is the solution of so-called “muon puzzle”: the unpredicted by any theory excess of high multiplicity muon bundles generated by ultra-high energy primary cosmic rays. Besides of a set of field-forming wires, each multi-wire drift chamber has 4 signal ones. The current from these wires is processed by the shaper-amplifier AMP-4, mounted on the front of the chamber. It generates LVDS pulses that should be processed by multi-channel TDC that faces two main requirements: large matching window (more than 6000 ns) with last significant digit (LSD) less than 10 ns and capability to hold more than 50 hits per channel in a single event. These conditions were fulfilled by the new time-to-digital converter developed on the basis of Cyclone V FPGA in MEPhI. This paper presents the design of the TDC, its main features and the first benchmarks of its performance.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding pectoral nerve block to anesthesia regimen in radical mastectomy.Subjects and methods. 65 female patients underwent unilateral radical mastectomy under general anesthesia. All patients enrolled into the study were divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients (the main one, n = 33) who had PEC block and general anesthesia; Group 2 (the control one, n = 32) had general anesthesia only.Results. The group of patients with PEC block versus the Control Group, demonstrated a lower score of the visual analogue scale at all stages of the study. The intra-operative fentanyl consumption was statistically significantly lower in Group 1 versus the Control Group (290.91 ± 67.84 and 393.75 ± 66.90 μg, respectively, p < 0.033). The consumption of opioid analgesics during the 1st day in the Main Group was 2-fold lower compared to the Control Group – 30.91 ± 12.34 and 63.75 ± 9.42 mg, respectively (p < 0.026). In Group 1, the time till the first analgesia with promedol made 309.55 ± 56.59 minutes.Conclusions. Pectoral nerves block combined with general anesthesia provides effective analgesia during breast surgery with axillary lymph node dissection.