We presented a setup created on the RADEX neutron channel at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences to study the properties of highly excited states of light nuclei. The first experiment was carried out on the setup to determine the cluster structure of highly excited states of the 6Li nucleus in the reaction 6Li(n, 3He n)3H at a neutron energy of 50 ± 5 MeV. Several variants of the data collection system have been tested. A preliminary spectrum of the excitation energies of the 6Li nucleus has been obtained.

The paper presents the results of test measurements to determine the possibilities of studying the cluster structure of highly excited states of the 6Li nucleus in the 6Li(𝑛, 3He 𝑛) 3H reaction on the RADEX neutron channel of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the experiment, scattered neutrons were detected in coincidence with the decay products of highly excited states (helium-3). The first experimental data on the excitation energy of the 6Li nucleus have been obtained.

We present the results of measurements of the air ion densities of both signs in the unventilated underground laboratory of the Moscow State University. We used the stationary station based on a Sapfir-3M modified air ion counter. We solved the problems of accuracy of relative measurements of air ion densities and stability of measurements in conditions of high humidity of underground cavities. We investigated the spatial distribution of air ion densities and their variability over time. An excess of positively charged air ions was found everywhere in the laboratory. The obtained data indicate the presence of a weak electric field directed downward in the underground laboratory. We observed the dependence of the air ion densities of both signs on the atmospheric pressure. We found the correlation of air ion densities with radon activity in the laboratory air and show that the ionization of air by alpha particles from the decay of radon and its daughter elements is the main source of air ions in closed underground cavities. A variant for explaining the presence of an excess of positive charge in underground cavities is proposed.

The Borexino collaboration observed an excess of the counting rate over the expected counting rate of events from CNO-ν. This result is consistent with the prediction of the Hydridic Earth Model on the contribution of 40 K geo-antineutrino scattering on electrons to single Borexino events. The proportion of potassium in the Earth 1.5 ± 1.0% of the Earth’s mass is the most likely value that provides the observed excess of the counting rate.

Particle Physics at the Year of 150th Anniversary of the Mendeleev's Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, pp. 144-150 (2021) No AccessSOLAR CNO NEUTRINOS AND TERRESTRIAL 40K GEONEUTRINOSV. V. Sinev, L. B. Bezrukov, I. S. Karpikov, A. S. Kurlovich, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, A. K. Mezokh, S. V. Silaeva, V. P. Zavarzina, and V. P. MorgalyukV. V. SinevInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, L. B. BezrukovInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, I. S. KarpikovInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, A. S. KurlovichInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, B. K. LubsandorzhievInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, A. K. MezokhInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, S. V. SilaevaInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, V. P. ZavarzinaInstitute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, and V. P. MorgalyukA. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russiahttps://doi.org/10.1142/9789811233913_0026Cited by:0 PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract: There are reasons to think that potassium content inside the Earth is much larger than it is commonly accounted. The Borexino collaboration cannot yet give strict limitation on antineutrino flux from 40K from the Earth and allows its value corresponding to Earth heat flow on the level 300 TW. It is proposed to use the experience of the Borexino detector to measure the spectrum of solar neutrinos of the CNO cycle, taking into account the presence of a geoneutrino spectrum from 40K in the same energy range. Also there can be used another method to measure CNO neutrinos by use of target made of 115In. FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Particle Physics at the Year of 150th Anniversary of the Mendeleev's Periodic Table of Chemical ElementsMetrics History PDF download

Wave functions of 6 Li excited states are the result of contributions from different nucleon cluster configurations. These can be determined by inelastically scattering α particles on a 6 Li target and detecting the scattered α particle in coincidence with different fragments of the excited-nucleus breakup. Modeling results indicate that some kinematic areas of target fragments correspond to definite fragmentation channels (or cluster configurations) of the 6 Li excited states.

We propose to include in the analysis of Borexino single event energy spectrum the scattering of $^{40}$K geo-antineutrinos by scintillator electrons. The Hydridic Earth model predicts the concentration of potassium in modern Earth from 1\% to 4\% of the Earth mass. We calculated contribution of $^{40}$K geo-antineutrino interactions in single Borexino events for these concentrations. This contribution is comparable to the contribution from the interaction of CNO neutrinos. We discuss the reasons for using the Hydridic Earth model.

Borexino collaboration announced the observation of CNO neutrinos flux. Its value appeared larger than expected in case of the Sun high metallicity model. This could be regarded as evidence of large potassium content inside the Earth. The potassium abundance can reach (1.5 ± 1.0)% in the whole Earth and the Earth heat flux can be at the level of 200-300 TW. To resolve the problem a new experiment is demanded with a detector similar to Borexino one but better in backgrounds or a detector with another techniques of neutrino measurement, for example on base of 115In.

We propose to include in the analysis of Borexino single event energy spectrum the scattering of $^{40}$K geo-antineutrinos by scintillator electrons. The Hydridic Earth model predicts the concentration of potassium in modern Earth from 1\% to 4\% of the Earth mass. We calculated contribution of $^{40}$K geo-antineutrino interactions in single Borexino events for these concentrations. This contribution is comparable to the contribution from the interaction of CNO neutrinos. We discuss the reasons for using the Hydridic Earth model.

The heat flux from the Earth’s interior and its connection with the number of neutrinos recorded by detectors at the Earth’s surface are discussed. The values predicted for the geoneutrino fluxes may be matched with experimental data, but the observed flux of the Earth’s internal heat requires the presence of a larger amount of radioactive elements. The amount of uranium and thorium within the Earth is constrained by measurements performed with the aid of modern geoneutrino detectors. This makes it possible to explain completely a flux of 50 TW. There are indications that the flux from the Earth’s interior is 200 to 250 TW. Such a flux could be explained only by the presence of a substantially larger amount of potassium in the Earth. In order to determine precisely the heat flux from the Earth’s interior, it is necessary to measure completely the flux of antineutrinos from all heat-releasing isotopes, including the flux of neutrinos from 40 K decay. Possibly, this flux has already been observed at the Borexino detector.

A model is proposed in which the electrical voltage measured between the electrodes in Lake Baikal is a consequence of two effects: electrochemical processes near the electrodes and a positive charge current flowing through the lake. The electrochemical component of the voltage in the case of lead electrodes arises due to the difference in concentrations of carbonate anion— $${\text{CO}}_{3}^{{2 - }}$$ at different depths. In the case of the use of chlorine-silver electrodes, only the effect of the positive charge current flowing through the lake is measured. We proposed an interpretation of an increase of electrical voltage registered in Lake Baikal during an earthquake in August 2008. The reason for the increase in voltage is the release of positively charged hydrogen-containing gases from the Earth’s interior.

Based on the hydridic Earth model, we propose a hydridic model of the Earth’s electric field. The model predicts that the negative electrode of the Earth’s capacitor is located under the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s fluids carry a positive charge. We have observed an excess of positive charge in the Earth’s crust down to kilometer depths. The model explains the unitary variation of the fair-weather atmospheric electric field strength, the change in atmospheric electric field strength and the precipitation of high-energy electrons during earthquakes.

An experimental investigation of the reaction of core pickup from 6 He and 11 Li two-neutronhalo nuclei is proposed. In such experiments, neutron–neutron correlations in a halo nucleus will be assessed on the basis of the energy of a neutron–neutron quasibound state. A detailed kinematical simulation of the reaction 6 He + 2 H → 6 Li + ( nn ) → 6 Li + n + n is performed. It is shown that the energy of the quasibound state in question can determined from the shape of the energy spectrum of neutrons originating from the breakup of this state. In the proposed exclusive experiment, a beam of 6 He ( 11 Li) nuclei with an energy of about 5 to 10 MeV per nucleon interacts with a deuterated-polyethylene target. This will permit detecting charged particles ( 6 Li and 11 Be) and a neutron. On the basis of determining the energy of the neutron–neutron quasibound state, it will become possible to estimate the effective attraction between the valence neutrons in the field of the third particle (core).

Predictions of geo-neutrino fluxes and the Earth's internal heat flux made by the Hydride Earth model are discussed. The prediction of geo-neutrino fluxes can be consistent with experimental measured fluxes. The predicted value of the Earth's internal heat flux is significantly larger than the value experimentally obtained under the assumption that the main mode of heat transport is thermal conductivity. We consider another mode of heat transport in the Earth's crust: heat transport by hot gases created in the Earth's crust at great depth. We discuss also experimental data supporting this idea, particularly the temperature profiles obtained in the Kola superdeep borehole.

I. R. Barabanov 1 , L. B. Bezrukov 1 , A. V. Veresnikova 1 , Yu. M. Gavrilyuk 1 , A. M. Gangapshev 1 , V. Yu. Grishina 1 , V. I. Gurentsov 1 , V. V. Kazalov 1 , S. D. Krokhaleva 1,2 , V. V. Kuz’minov 1 , A. S. Kurlovich 1 , B. K. Lubsandorzhiev 1 , S. B. Lubsandorzhiev 1 , A. K. Mezhokh 1 , V. P. Morgalyuk 2 , P. Yu. Naumov 4 , G. Ya. Novikova 1 , V. B. Petkov 1 , A. M. Pshukov 1 , A. Yu. Sidorenkov 1 , V. V. Sinev 1,* , Sh. I. Umerov 1 , E. A. Yanovich 1 , T. Enqvist 5 , P. Kuusiniemi 5 , J. Joutsenvaara 5 , A. Virkajarvi 5 and V. P. Zavarzina 1