As one of three sandy land rehabilitation measures, chemical sand-fixing measure can make drift sand surface form an anti-wind erosion bonding layer, which is paid much attention.The three chemical sand-fixing materials, including inorganic chemical sand-fixing material, organic chemical sand-fixing material and organic and inorganic composite chemical sand-fixing material, have wide development space, but the chemical sand-fixing materials have their own shortcomings and deficiency.Therefore, studying and developing sand-fixing materials, which possess some properties, such as water erosion resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, wind erosion resistance and anti-ultraviolet radiation, no pollution to environment, no harm to plants, and low cost, is new development tendency in the future.

Using attapulgite acidified by 3 mol·L - 1 HCl as the support,the supported platinum nanocom-posite catalyst was prepared by reducing at 200 ℃. The as-prepared catalyst was applied for selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene. The nanocomposite catalyst exhibited excellent hydrogenation activity and selectivity under the condition of reaction temperature 60 ℃ and reaction pressure 2. 0 MPa. The selectivity to chloroaniline was up to 100% under the condition of complete conversion of chloronitro-benzene. The catalyst possessed high metal dispersion,and platinum nanoparticles had the average size of about 2 nm. The attapulgite support played a key role in the enhancement of Pt dispersion. The highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles significantly improved the hydrogenation activity and selectivity of the catalyst,and completely suppressed hydrodechlorination.

Bifunctional catalysts Pd/Si(Zr)O2 including that of containing prompter Cr, Ni or La were prepared by the sol-gel method, and their catalytic performances for one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of Ni could improve the conversion of acetone from 25.6% to 38.5%, but reduce the selectivity of MIBK slightly;and the introduction of La could enhance the selectivity of MIBK from 58.60%to 70.84%, but not improve the conversion of acetone.

以活性氧化铝（γ-Al2O3）为载体,分别以Mn（NO3）2溶液和酸性氯化钯（PdCl2）溶液为修饰组分和活性组分前体,采用分步浸渍法制备了Mn修饰Al2O3载体负载钯催化剂。将催化剂应用于蒽醌加氢反应,考察了催化剂制备方法、活性组分负载量和催化剂还原温度对反应效果的影响。用XRD、BET、XPS和TPR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂活性受到制备方法的影响,在对Mn修饰Al2O3载体进行焙烧,Pd负载量0.2（wt）%、还原温度300℃的条件下,催化剂蒽醌加氢活性较高,较未修饰的催化剂提高了约16%。催化剂中Mn以MnO的形式存在,影响了γ-Al2O3的组织结构,使载体与活性组分之间的作用力增强,活性组分Pd高度分散在催化剂表面,从而提高了催化剂的活性。

Hydrotalcites( HTs) intercalated by nitrate and by carbonate,respectively,are synthesized with coprecipitation method. Barium incorporated HTs of these two kinds are prepared. The reconstruction ability of these four HTs is studied. The results show that the nitrated hydrotalcite cannot be reconstructured to its original structure. Most of the barium can be washed out in the Ba-modified nitrated hydrotalcite. As a result,it shows the same pattern of nithated hydrotalcites. Compared with the unmodified mixed oxide,the mixed oxide derived from Ba-incorporated nitrated hydrotalcite exhibits lower reconstruction ability.

The mixed oxides with different molar ratios of Zr to Si were prepared by means of sol-gel method. The multifunctional catalysts were prepared by the introduction of Pd,and were tested in one-step synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone with acetone. The results indicated that with the increase of silicon contents of the catalysts,acetone conversion decreased and the selectivity to methyl isobutyl ketone increased. The catalyst with high content of zirconium exhibited higher acetone conversion,but the selectivity to methyl isobutyl ketone was lower.

ZrO2 doped Pd/Al2O3 catalyst,in which H2PdCl4 and Zr(NO3)4 were used as a precursor and an added component respectively,was prepared.Different two step impregnation methods were used for catalyst preparation,and its catalytic activity on anthraquinone hydrogenation was investigated in different reaction conditions.It was found that the catalytic activity was influenced by the preparation methods.When the support with ZrO2 was calcinated appropriately,the load of Pd was 0.3% and reduction temperature was blow 300 ℃,the catalyst activity is about 20% higher than that of catalyst without ZrO2.The structure,specific surface area,surface topography and interaction in the components of catalyst were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),BET surface area,X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR) respectively.The promotion of catalytic properties is attributed to the ZrO2 which could enhance the heat stability of Al2O3,improve the interaction in the components and make Pd diffused on the surface of catalyst.

Alumina-supported nickel catalysts modified by Zn and/or Mo were prepared and characterized using several techniques (XRF, BET, XRD, XPS, and TPR). The effect of Zn and Mo on catalytic hydrogenation activity was evaluated in hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline (PyGas) using styrene conversion for monitoring the activity trend in a fixed-bed reactor under the following conditions: temperature of 70–120°C, H2:PyGas volume ratio of 200:1, pressure of 2.8MPa, and volume space velocity of 3.0 h−1. The promoted Ni-based catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of PyGas. The styrene conversion doubled after the introduction of Zn and Mo.

以有机分子聚乙烯亚胺为交联剂,四氧化三铁为载体,制备了贵金属催化剂用于催化硝基苯化合物加氢反应,采用FT - IR、XRD和TEM对催化剂进行表征.结果表明,制取的磁纳米贵金属催化剂催化对氯硝基苯加氢反应转化率高,稳定性较好,较容易回收.

A series of Al 2O 3 immobilized La-Mn-Cu-O catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and their performance in ethyl acetate catalytic combustion was investigated. The ethyl acetate been completely converted exclusively into H 2O and CO 2 on LaMn 0.6Cu 0.4O 3/ Al 2O 3 catalyst with long life. Highly dispersed perovskite phase was detected by detailed analysis using the methods of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The different activities of the various catalysts were due to the changed contents and mobility of active oxygen of the catalysts, which induced by the partial substitution of Mn by Cu ion.

Selective hydrodesulfurization catalysts and octane recovery catalysts for hydro-upgrading of FCC gasoline were prepared.And the hydro-upgrading process of FCC gasoline was investigated in a 300 mL adiabatic reactor using the full range FCC gasoline or heavy cut as feed materials.The products cannot completely meet the FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading requirements by single octane recovery process or octane recovery-selective hydrodesulfurization combination process.However,single selective hydrodesulfurization process or selective hydrodesulfurization-octane recovery combination process can meet hydro-upgrading requirements for both the full range FCC gasoline and heavy cut.The modified products with lower sulfur or clean gasoline of National Ⅳ standard can be obtained by hydro-upgrading of FCC gasoline heavy cut.

A series of copper–manganese oxides catalysts supported on zirconium modified titanium-alumina for dichloromethane (DCM) catalytic combustion were prepared by impregnation method. The combustion experiments were investigated employing a fixed bed flow reactor, and the catalysts structures and properties were characterized by means of BET, TPR, XRD and XPS technologies. The results show that CuMn/Zr–Ti–Al catalyst is very active for DCM oxidation since a total conversion was reached at 470°C without formation of other harmful organic compounds. This performance was attributed to the highly dispersed CuMnOx. Adding of Zr also improved the reducibility of active phase.

CuMn-containing hydrotalcites,prepared by low-oversaturated and coprecipitation method,were characterized by XRD,FT-IR and TG.XRD results showed that as-synthesized samples had the same lamerllar structure as hydrotalcite.FT-IR and TG results both indcated that the samples possessed the same structure and surface adsorption property,and that the crystal structure of the samples grew more integrated with crystallization time.Experimental results demonstrated that the excellent crystal structure and manganese were two requirements of the solvent-free catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.

Cr3+ and Zr4+ cation-incorporated hydrotalcites (HTs) were prepared by coprecipitation method. Corresponding mixed oxide were obtained by the thermal decomposition of HTs at 773K for 8h and applied in the synthesis of isophorone (IP) from acetone. From the characteristic results, both Cr3+ and Zr4+ were introduced into the lattice of hydrotalcite producing the more disordered HT structures. Compared with Mg–Al mixed oxide, Cr and Zr modified mixed oxide demonstrated more amount of basic sites and stronger base strength, which were responsible for the improvement of catalytic activity. As a result, both of the modified mixed oxide exhibited IP selectivity of more than 70% under atmospheric pressure.

In order to adjust the acidity and texture property of HZSM-5, SiO2–ZrO2 was introduced via a modified sol–gel method. Pd-loaded catalyst was prepared and its catalytic activity was tested in one-step synthesis of MIBK. The catalyst exhibited a significant activity of acetone conversion up to 33.4% and MIBK selectivity up to 88.1% under atmospheric pressure. The acidity and textural properties of support material, as well as palladium dispersion of Pd-loaded catalyst were characterized. The results indicated that the proper acid strength and textural property of the support, together with the high dispersion of palladium resulted in good catalytic performance.

Rod-,sheet-and sphere-like CuO nanostructure crystals were synthesized using hydrothermal crystallization,rapid precipitation and temperature-programmed decomposition in solutions,without addition of any templates and additives.The crystals were characterized by XRD and SEM.Effects of CuO with different morphologies on catalytic oxidation of furfural were discussed.Rod-like CuO crystals exhibited good activity for oxidation of furfural,with furoic acid yield of up to 91%.

The palygorskite supported platinum catalysts, Pt/PAL(I), Pt/PAL(II), and Pt/PAL(III) were prepared by different reduction methods (ethanol-isopropanol, H-2, and NaBH4), and exhibited different catalytic properties for the hydrogenation of para-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB). Over the Pt/PAL(II) catalyst the selectivity of para-chloroaniline (p-CAN) reached 100% and the hydrodechlorination reaction was fully suppressed during the complete conversion of p-CNTB. Superior selectivities of 99.7% and 99.9% for p-CAN were also obtained over Pt/PAL(I) and Pt/PAL(III) catalysts, respectively, although the dehalogenation reaction was not completely avoided. Pt/PAL(I) was the most active catalyst with a turnover frequency (TOF) of up to 27010 h(-1). Pt/PAL(II) and Pt/PAL(III) catalysts showed slightly lower activity with a TOF of 1.7193 and 24871 h(-1), respectively. These excellent catalytic properties are attributed to the effects of Pt particle size and the palygorskite support, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the catalysts as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the palygorskite.

HCl-acidified attapulgite-supported platinum nanocomposite catalyst was prepared by a simple method for the selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes to the corresponding chloroanilines under relatively mild conditions. The nanocomposite catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the selective hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, m-chloronitrobenzene and o-chloronitrobenzene. The selectivity to chloroanilines could be up to 100% at complete conversion of chloronitrobenzenes under 2.0MPa and 50°C. The catalyst structure was characterized by TEM, XPS and BET, and both the mechanism of high activity and the reason for the deactivation of the catalyst were discussed.

A hybrid complex Zr(PO4)(AgHPO4) was prepared by ion-exchange and was determined using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other instruments. Its catalytic activity was examined on the oxidation of styrene using t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant under argon atmosphere, this system showed good epoxidation selectivity, the other factors, such as solvent, reaction time, concentrations of oxidant and catalyst, also have been investigated and reaction conditions are optimized. It is a novel highly active/selective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for styrene epoxidation, while this catalytic system showed no epoxidation selectivity but good enol selectivity for cycloolefins with allylic H.

A series of silver-doped vanadium phosphorus oxides (Ag-VPO) catalysts were prepared by in situ synthesis, the catalytic tests showed that silver component significantly increased the overall activity for the oxidation of styrene by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). It is interesting that Ag-VPO catalysts show no epoxidation selectivity but good selectivity for benzaldehyde in this study. To investigate the origin of the silver effect, the solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other instruments, the (VO)2P2O7, β-VOPO4, Ag(V2P2O10) and Ag2(VO2)(PO4) phases were detected in all the Ag-VPO catalysts. This study also confirms that ratios of P/V play a crucial role in the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst, meanwhile, the other factors, such as solvent, oxidant concentration, reaction time, also have been investigated and reaction conditions are optimized.