The density and microstructure of ceramic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) critically determine their transport properties and the electrochemical performance of solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). The NASICON-type solidstate electrolytes including Li1 +xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP) electrolytes usually generate abnormal grain growth or pore coalescence during sintering, respectively. Both of structural drawbacks will dramatically decrease ionic transport of lithium (Li) ions and resistance to lithium protrusion into electrolyte. In this work, we repoured a fancy strategy to design NASICON solid-state electrolyte by introducing Apollonian bimodal packing to significantly enhance green-body densification of electrolyte. Nanoscale LATP and microscale LAGP particles are rationally combined and sintered with an optimized co-firing protocol to obtain the new class of Li1+xAlxGeyTiz(PO4)3 (LAGTP) SSEs. This LAGTP electrolyte has a single-phase structure with suppressed abnormal grain growth and pore coalescence, showing enhanced Li+ transport pathways and a reduced migration barrier of 0.314 eV. The resulting SSE delivers a high ionic conductivity of 6.4 & times; 10-4 S cm- 1, low porosity, a high relative density of 95.3%, and an improved elastic modulus of 134 GPa. Electrochemical evaluation of solid-state battery demonstrates outstanding cycling stability and effective lithium protrusion suppression, highlighting critical role of enhanced electrochemical-mechanical properties of electrolyte in highperformance SSLBs.

NASICON-type solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer high ionic conductivity, ambient stability, and low cost, making them promising candidates for next-generation solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). However, their practical application is hindered by chemical incompatibility and poor interfacial contact with lithium (Li) metal anodes. Here, we report an effective interfacial design to address these challenges. A three-dimensional (3D) electron/ion mixed-conducting bilayer interface is fabricated to achieve intimate coupling between the Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) SSE and Li anode, while simultaneously serving as a Li host to form an in-situ 3D anode architecture. This interlayer-built 3D anode seamlessly integrates with the SSE, providing chemical protection for LATP, regulating uniform Li deposition, and achieving a low interfacial resistance of similar to 7 X cm2. Consequently, Li||Li cells exhibit ultralow overpotential of similar to 10 mV at 0.1 mA cm-2 for more than 1400 hand stable cycling at 1 mA cm-2. Li||LiFePO4 full cells deliver excellent cyclability (95.5% at 0.2 C, 95.0% at 0.6 C after 100 cycles) with high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Notably, the interlayer suppresses violent LATP-molten Li reactions up to 300 degrees C, while LATP prevents short circuiting, demonstrating exceptional thermal stability. This work establishes a scalable interfacial design strategy for NASICON-type SSEs, advancing the practical deployment of SSLBs. (c) 2026 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Gd3Ni6SiAl, Gd3Ni6SiGa, and Gd3Ni6AlGa (Ce3Ni6Si2-type, Im-3m, N 229, cI44) present a broad table-like magnetocaloric effect in the full hydrogen liquefaction range (20-77 K) with a real plateau wide enough to be competitive for refrigeration devices based on the Ericsson cycle. The characterization of the magnetocaloric variables (|dSM pk|= 6.60 J/kgK, TEC(10)= 6.44 J/kgK for Gd3Ni6SiGa, |dSM pk|= 6.05 J/kgK, TEC(10)= 6.01 J/kgK for Gd3Ni6SiAl, all at mu 0dH=5 T) state that they are among the best of table-like magnetocaloric materials in this temperature range. The physical origin of this smooth and wide table-like effect is the combination of a spin reorientation transition (which appears in Gd3Ni6XY when Si or Ga is introduced) with the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, close to each other. The application of the Banerjee criterion and the evolution of the critical exponent with temperature n(T) confirm that both transitions are second order, which is extremely relevant for real applications. From the study of the magnetic properties it has been inferred that the introduction of Si induces a magnetic ground state with combined ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components which turns to fully ferromagnetic at very low field. The critical exponents (/3, y, S, n) have been found for the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transitions; the values of y (from 1.22 to 1.36) suggest that the magnetic interactions are short-range, though the ensembles do not correspond to any particular universality class.

Abnormal grain growth and pore coarsening during sintering are common challenges in ceramic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). These microstructural defects cause volume changes, crack formation, structural degradation, and ultimately battery failure during operation. Herein, we propose a sintering strategy using a composite powder of glass and ceramic phases to fabricate NASICON-type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)(3) (LATP) electrolyte with high density, high elastic modulus, and excellent ionic conductivity for enhanced solid-state battery performance. By incorporating glass nanoparticles into the LATP submicron matrix and applying a two-step sintering method, the viscous flow generated by glass initially promotes effective densification of green body pellet. Later its crystallization creates internal stress constraints, which suppresses abnormal grain growth and pore coarsening, ensuring a uniform grain size distribution. The resulting SSE, prepared with a glass/ceramic weight ratio of 5 %/95 %, achieves a mechanical strength of 125 GPa, a relative density of 95.7 %, and an ionic conductivity of 7.3 x 10(-4) S cm(-1). The Li||LATP||Li symmetric cell exhibits stable cycling for over 500 h at 0.5 mA cm(-2), while the Li||LATP||LFP full cell delivers stable performance for >100 cycles, retaining 95.5 % of its capacity at 0.2C.

The Tb-Co-In system at 870 K has been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and microprobe elemental analyses. The existence of the known compounds TbCo2In (PrCo2Ga-type), Tb2CoIn8 (Ho2CoGa8-type), Tb11Co4In9 (Nd11Pd4In9-type), Tb23Co7In20 (Er23Co6.7In20.3-type), Tb6Co2In (Ho6Co2Ga-type) and Tb14Co3In3 (Gd14Co3In2.7-type) has been confirmed and novel Sm26Co11Ga6-type Tb 26Co5-6In12-11 (space group P4/mbm, N 127, tP86), similar to Tb18Co67In15, similar to Tb5Co3In2 (unknown structure) and qusibinary PuNi3-type Tb1-0.74Co3In0-0.26 have been detected in the Tb-Co-In system at 870 K. The appreciable solubility of other binaries was no observed in the Tb-Co-In system. The Ho2CoGa8-type Tb2CoIn8 shows antiferromagnetic ordering at T-N = 32 K with field-sensitive paramagnetic state and the Sm26Co11Ga6-type Tb26Co5In12 exhibits the Curie temperature (T-C) at 72 K. The Er23Co6.7In20.3-type Tb23Co7In20 ferromagnet with T-C = 56 K and T-m similar to 28 K in a field of 10 kOe and it shows hard magnetic properties at low temperatures. The Ho6Co2Ga-type Tb6Co2In shows field-sensitive ferro-antiferromagnetic ordering below 75 K.

Amorphous titania can be crystallized into photocatalytically active brookite via hydrothermal treatment without significantly altering the form of the particles.

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline Gd3Co4Ge13 (Cubic, Yb3Rh4Sn13-type, Space group Pm-3n, No. 223, cP40) have been studied by carrying out dc magnetization measurements in applied magnetic fields up to 140 kOe. The compound Gd3Co4Ge13 orders antiferromagnetically at 9 K (TN). The antiferromagnetism appears to be weak and with increasing applied magnetic fields, ferromagnetic interactions become dominant. This field-induced antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state that is marked as a change from inverse to normal magnetocaloric effect in the isothermal magnetic entropy change vs temperature plot around TN. At 2 K, the magnetization shows a tendency toward saturation in applied magnetic field and a magnetic moment of 5.3 µB per Gd3+ is obtained in 140 kOe field.

Synthesis of chemically homogeneous fine powders based on glaserite-like phases in the CaO – Na2O – P2O5 – SiO2 (GeO2) systems by the cryochemical method, including rapid freezing of the total salt solution, sublimation ice removal, and subsequent thermolysis of the dehydrated salt precursor, is considered. The complex chemical composition of the powders is required to create bioceramics with improved osteoplastic characteristics. The paper presents the results of the synthesis of powders with submicron granulometry from solutions with different anionic composition; the behavior of such powders in the sintering process is described.

The polycrystalline CeCo4B-type GdNi4B (space group P6/mmm, N 191, hP12), CaCu5-type GdCo4Al and DyCo4.6Si0.4 (space group P6/mmm, N 191, hP6) and MgCu4Sn-type GdNi4In (space group F-43m, N 216, cF24) were prepared by arc melting with following annealing. The magnetic ordering and magnetocaloric effects of these compounds have been investigated using magnetic measurements in fields up to 90 kOe. GdNi4B and GdNi4In show dominant ferromagnetic ordering of Gd sublattice with TC of 39 K and 24 K, respectively with magnetic entropy change of -11.3 J/kg & sdot;K for GdNi4B and -11.8 J/kg & sdot;K for GdNi4In for a field change of 50 kOe. GdCo4Al and DyCo4.6Si0.4 exhibit high-temperature dominant ferromagnetic ordering of Co sublattice with lowtemperature spin-reorientation transformation of magnetic ordering and dominant ordering of rare earth sublattice in width temperature interval. In a field change of 50 kOe, the compensation temperature of DyCo4.6Si0.4 is followed via table -like magnetic entropy change of -1.0 J/kg & sdot;K at -40-240 K, while GdCo4Al exhibits magnetic entropy change of around -0.6 J/kg & sdot;K at -150-300 K.

Предложен подход к созданию полимеризуемых прекурсоров корундовой и оксинитридной керамики и их использованию в стереолитографическом формировании алюмосодержащей керамики. Исходя из однородности (оптической прозрачности) и легкости фотополимеризации, процента потери массы при термолизе отобраны три прекурсора на основе хлоридов алюминия (безводного и гексагидрата), а также основного хлорида алюминия. Охарактеризовано поведение прекурсоров при обжиге в атмосфере аммиака для синтеза оксинитридной керамики и при обжиге на воздухе для изготовления корундовой керамики из гомогенных прекурсоров. Апробирована стереолитографическая 3 D -печать корундовой керамики, в т. ч. с использованием разработанных прекурсоров в виде фотополимеризуемых связок, позволяющих повысить долю оксида алюминия в фотосуспензии.

Optical metasurfaces supporting resonances of trapped modes allow obtaining narrow features in their reflection and transmission spectra and are the technological basis for the fabrication of highly sensitive sensor coatings and near-field pumping systems for two-dimensional lasers. In the present work, we propose and experimentally verify the strategy for tuning the parameters of an all-dielectric metasurface placed on the substrate in order to implement the narrow resonance of a quasi-trapped mode (QTM) at the required wavelength. We use a Si disk with an eccentric hole as a building block irradiated by a linearly polarized plane wave normally incident to the disk's base. In this case, the normal components of the magnetic dipole moment are excited due to the bianisotropic response in the system. Using the electrostatic approximation for the polarizability of a single disk and solving the equation for the self-consistent dipole response of a lattice composed of such disks, we plot the parametric curve in the plane (wavelength vs geometric size of the disk) that corresponds to the conditions of QTM excitation accounting for the overcoming effect of diffraction into the substrate. Fixing the arbitrary wavelengths from the infrared (IR) range of the spectrum, we use this curve to select the disk's size and the period of the metasurface, which are the basis for the fabrication of the necessary metasurfaces. Analyzing the reflection spectra of the fabricated metasurfaces, we observe the narrow spectral features at given wavelengths and, using numerical simulation, identify them as QTM resonances. We demonstrate the polarization control of the amplitudes of the QTM, which allows switching of the intensity value of the electric field on the surface of the Si disks.

The Tb-Mn-Ga system has been investigated at 870/1070 K by X-ray powder diffraction and microprobe elemental analyses. The existence of the known compounds Tb2Mn11.7-15Ga5.3-2 (Th2Ni17-type), Tb2Mn10.2Ga6.8 (Th2Zn17-type), TbMn5.4-4.5Ga6.6-7.5 (ThMn12-type), Tb2Mn0.3-0.7Ga6 (K2PtCl6-type), TbMnGa (ZrNiAl-type), Tb2MnGa3 (CeCu2-type), TbMn0.26Ga1.74 (CaIn2-type) and quasibinary solid solutions ThMn12-type TbMn12-10.9Ga0-1.1, MgCu2-type TbMn2-1.4Ga0-0.6 and AlB2-type TbMn0-0.2Ga2-1.8 has been confirmed in the Tb-Mn-Ga system at 870/1070 K. The appreciable solubility of other binaries was no observed in the Tb-Mn-Ga system. The K2PtCl6-type Tb2Mn0.5Ga6 compound shows mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic ordering with high-temperature ferromagnetic ordering (TC) of 28 K and antiferromagnetic transformation of magnetic ordering (TN) at 20 K.

— An approach has been proposed for preparing polymerizable precursors to alpha-alumina and aluminum oxynitride ceramics and using them in stereolithographic fabrication of aluminum-containing ceramics. With allowance for their homogeneity (optical transmission), photopolymerizability, and weight loss during thermolysis, three precursors based on aluminum chlorides (anhydrous and hexahydrate) and a basic aluminum chloride were chosen for characterization. We analyzed the behavior of the precursors during firing in an ammonia atmosphere for the preparation of oxynitride ceramics and during firing in air for the preparation of alpha-alumina ceramics from homogeneous precursors. Stereolithographic 3D printing of alpha-alumina ceramics was tested, in particular with the use of the proposed precursors in the form of photopolymerizable binders allowing the fraction of alumina in photosuspensions to be increased.

g-C3N4/WO3 composites have drawn great interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their effective separation of charge carriers at the contact with semiconductor phases. In this work, we have studied the effect of hydrothermal conditions on composites’ structure and photocatalytic activities. Initial g-C3N4 was obtained using the classical melamine thermolysis approach. g-C3N4/WO3 composites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from acidic tungstate solutions. Structure and composition changes in g-C3N4 were described using FTIR-spectroscopy and CHNO-analysis. The synthesized composites were characterized by powder XRD and STEM analysis, which showed WO3 formation on the g-C3N4 surface. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated in the reaction of hydrogen peroxide generation from oxygen under UV irradiation. The obtained composites demonstrated up to three times higher photocatalytic activity than the individual semiconductor photocatalysts.

Titania nanosheets (TNS) represent 2D photocatalytic material, which can strongly bind with metal nanoparticles, and, therefore, materials based on it are promising in the development of reusable substrates for reproducible SERS. In the present research, titania nanosheets were obtained during cesium titanate exfoliation. Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of nanosheets via AgNO3 solution reduction. The synthesis of the substrates with optimized parameters allows achieving an enhancement coefficient of up to 1.9 × 106 and the ability to detect molecules of rhodamine 6G with concentration of 10−8 M. Moreover, the obtained substrates show highly reproducible signals throughout the surface. Due to the photocatalytic properties of titania, the surface of the substrates can be cleaned after SERS measurement by UV irradiation, and the substrates can be used repeatedly.

A complete experimental study of the physical properties playing a relevant role in the magnetic refrigeration application (structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric and thermal) has been performed over nine selected Fe2P-type R6TX2 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy; T = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Sb, Te) intermetallic compounds, to work close to room temperature. Two magnetic phase transitions are observed for these materials: a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the range of 182-282 K and a spin reorientation transition in the range of 26-76 K. As a consequence, two peaks related to a direct magnetocaloric effect (DMCE) appear with the magnetic entropy change, generating a wide table-like plateau region in between both peaks, which is required to improve the efficiency of refrigerators following an Ericsson cycle. The highest magnetic entropy peak value for μ0ΔH = 5 T is found for Tb2Dy4FeSb2, with 7.72 J kg-1 K-1 around 182 K. For the same applied field the other compounds show moderate values around room temperature (2.88-4.53 J kg-1 K-1). However, the superposition of the two peaks results in huge refrigerant capacity values, up to RCFWHM(5 T) = 1103.04 J kg-1 in the case of Tb2Dy4FeSb2. The thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity have been measured at room temperature, and the temperature dependence of the former has been obtained around the relevant magnetic phase transition region, with values in the range of 1.3-2.3 mm2 s-1, which are good for magnetic refrigerators at high working frequencies. The study is completed with a rigorous critical behavior analysis of the second order PM-FM transition. The critical exponent γ points to long range order interactions, in general, while β values are in the range of 0.59-0.90, indicating a deviation from theoretical models as a reflection of the magnetic complexity in these compounds. The critical exponents have been used to confirm the scaling relations of magnetocaloric properties, and the scaling of refrigerant capacity (RC) values in materials exhibiting two magnetic phase transitions is addressed, concluding that for a correct scaling of RC the magnetic entropy change peak must be considered symmetric. The role of each atom in the properties of the compounds is discussed.

Materials based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) are intensely studied as promising photocatalysts of different reactions, hydrogen peroxide formation including. Effect of synthesis parameters of g-C 3 N 4 obtained by thermolysis of melamine, urea, and thiourea on its composition and photocatalytic activity has been studied. The photocatalytic activity of obtained materials has been studied in the reaction of oxidative decomposition of organic dye and in oxygen reduction to form hydrogen peroxide. It has been shown that, in spite of incomplete polycondensation after thermolysis, the obtained samples display high values of photocatalytic activity. The work has shown that the photocatalytic activity of samples obtained at 550°С is by factor 2–4 higher than that for samples obtained at 500 and 600°C. It has been shown that the preparation of g-C 3 N 4 from thiourea in air leads to photocatalyst with maximal activity, whereas melamine and urea produce the best catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere.

The polycrystalline YNiAl4-type GdNiGa4 (space group Cmcm, N 63, oC24), CeCu2-type GdNi0.5Ga1.5 (space group Imma, N 74, oI12) and TiNiSi-type GdNiGa (space group Pnma, N 62, oP12) are prepared by arc melting with following annealing. The magnetic ordering and magnetocaloric effects of these compounds have been investigated using magnetic measurements in fields up to 90 kOe GdNiGa4 shows field insensitive antiferromagnetic ordering below T-N = 12 K, GdNi0.5Ga1.5 demonstrate ferromagnetic ordering below T-C = 36 K and low-temperature field-sensitive ferro-antiferromagnetic ordering (T-m) in the range of 12-32 K, while GdNiGa exhibits ferromagnetic ordering below T-C = 28 K. The saturation magnetizations at 2 K indicate a collinear ferromagnetic ordering of Gd-sublattice in GdNi0.5Ga1.5 and GdNiGa. The transformation of crystal lattice from GdNi0.5Ga1.5 to GdNiGa with ordering of Ni-sublattice leads to a remarkable increasing of magnetic entropy change and magnetocaloric effect. The structural and magnetic features of ternary Gd-Ni-Ga compounds are discussed.

The issues of designing bone implants capable of creating an electrical stimulus for bone tissue regeneration under the influence of an external magnetic field are considered. A promising method for generating local electric fields is the use of magnetoelectric (multiferroid) micro- and nanoparticles that are polarized under the action of an external magnetic field and create electric fields comparable in amplitude to endogenous ones. Of practical interest are composite magnetoelectric particles consisting of a ferrimagnetic core and a piezoelectric shell brought into close mechanical contact. Modeling the magnetoelectric effect in a composite particle is carried out; composite particles with cobalt ferrite as a magnetostrictor are fabricated, and the issues of the chemical interaction of phases are discussed.

We report techniques for the synthesis of microcrystalline powders of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (β-Ca3(PO4)2) and phase A (Ca2.5Na(PO4)2, an ordered solid solution based on Ca3 – xNa2x(PO4)2 α-rhenanite), by the Pechini sol–gel process. The phosphorus-containing reagents used are triethyl phosphate (TEP), PO(OC2H5)3, and ethylenediamine(tetramethylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), (H2O3PCH2)2N(CH2)2N(CH2PO3H2)2. We analyze the phase composition, micromorphology, and sintering behavior of the synthesized powders. The use of TEP as a phosphorus-containing reagents leads to a change in Ca/P ratio (stoichiometry) in the final product as a result of TEP vaporization during gel polycondensation and the formation of a mixture of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6) and calcium oxide. If EDTMP is used, the stoichiometry remains unchanged owing to Ca2+ chelating by the complexone: in TCP synthesis, gel thermolysis at temperatures from 750 to 1000°C leads to β-TCP crystallization (with an average particle size of 1 μm); in the synthesis of phase A, gel thermolysis at temperatures from 500 to 800°C leads to the formation of a mixture of β-TCP, β-CaNaPO4, and phase A (average particle size of 250 nm in the range 500–700°C). According to dilatometry data, the synthesized powders can be densified more rapidly in comparison with powders prepared by ceramic processing route. The present results suggest that sol–gel processing with the use of EDTMP can be recommended for the synthesis of powders of resorbable phosphates, such as TCP and Ca3 – xNa2x(PO4)2, suitable for stereolithographic fabrication of osteoconductive bioceramics.