Most studies on the adaptation of humans to extreme conditions of the polar regions were performed in Antarctic expeditions.Our research aims to study the same parameters in the Arctic.The study was conducted at the North Pole 41 drifting polar station (NP-41) and involved 14 men.The participants were divided into two groups: "ice" -working mainly outdoors (n=8), and "laboratory"working mainly indoors (n=6).A semi-annual monitoring included assessment of the parameters of cardiac performance, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability (BP).During the study, no significant changes were revealed in parameters of cardiac performance and HRV.In group "ice", according to the indicators of BP variability, a decrease in the pulse BP both at rest and under conditions of controlled respiration was noted during the first 3 weeks of overwintering.At later terms, no dynamics of this indicator was found.In group "laboratory", an increase in pulse BP was detected from the third week to 6 months of overwintering also at rest and under conditions of controlled respiration.The test with controlled respiration allowed us to demonstrate the contribution of the LF range power to BP change.Conclusions: the pattern of adaptive changes during overwintering in the North depends on the type of occupational activity.

Прослежены показатели функционального состояния 14 мужчин (средний возраст 46,0±3,6 лет), работавших на СП-41, с 3-5 дней после начала экспедиции, до 6 месяцев. Обнаружена стабильность показателей физической работоспособности, сердечной производительности, общих показателей сердечного ритма и его вариабельности, показателей систолического артериального давления и его вариабельности. Динамика оказалась характерна только для показателей диастолического артериального давления и пульсового давления. Информативным также оказался индекс функциональных изменений (ИФИ). Общим трендом было наличие выраженных реакций (повышенные значения) на первой точке тестирования, нормализация показателей через месяц, и постепенное возрастание (в пределах нормальных величин) в последующие сроки. Ключевые слова: функциональное состояние, вариабельность сердечного ритма, вариабельность артериального давления, адаптация, Север.

Целью работы была оценка возрастной динамики эффективности выполнения двигательной задачи в возрастном диапазоне от 26 до 90 лет, от онтогенетического этапа завершенного развития в сторону постепенного угасания функций. Методы. В исследование включены результаты тестирования 1001 человека (666 женщин и 335 мужчин). Показатели психомоторной координации изучали на приборе компьютерный измеритель движений (КИД), при выполнении двигательной задачи, одинаковой для всех испытуемых – движении руки в локтевом суставе в горизонтальной плоскости. Оценивали скоростные и точностные показатели движений, плавность движений, скорость изменения двигательного стереотипа при смене амплитуды движений, сенсомоторную реактивность на стимулы разной модальности, моторную асимметрию. Результаты. Дискриминантный анализ совокупности использованных показателей на 5 временных интервалах (26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–70 и 71–90 лет) показал значимое ухудшение психомоторной координации после 45 лет. Данное заключение подтверждено при анализе возрастной динамики отдельных показателей. Выявлено, что есть общие закономерности возрастной динамики психомоторики у женщин и у мужчин: снижение скоростных показателей, включая реактивность на световой стимул, снижение скорости перестройки паттерна движений при смене задачи (ловкости), ухудшение точности работы флексоров при снижении степени их моторной асимметрии (переход от правшества к обоерукости). И есть дополнительные особенности у мужчин: более раннее снижение реактивности на звуковой стимул (на 10 лет раньше, чем у женщин), ухудшение точности работы не только флексоров, но и экстензоров. Заключение. Выявленная возрастная динамика показателей психомоторной координации отражает снижение функциональных возможностей мышечной и нервной систем человека после 45 лет. Это обстоятельство необходимо учитывать при разработке социально-экономических проектов, чтобы планы на вовлечение людей в общественно полезную деятельность не превышали возможностей их организма. The aim of the work was to assess the age dynamics of the efficiency of motor task performance in the age range from 26 to 90 years, from the ontogenetic stage of completed development towards the gradual extinction of functions. Methods. The study included the results of 1001 people (666 women and 335 men). Indicators of psychomotor coordination were studied on the device of a computer movement meter (CMM), when performing a motor task, the same for all subjects – the movement of the arm in the elbow joint in the horizontal plane. The speed and accuracy indicators of movements, smoothness of movements, the rate of change in the motor stereotype with a change in the amplitude of movements, sensorimotor reactivity to stimuli of different modality, and motor asymmetry were assessed. Results. A discriminant analysis of the totality of the indicators used at 5-time intervals (26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–70 and 71–90 years) showed a significant deterioration in psychomotor coordination after 45 years. This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of the age dynamics of individual indicators. It was revealed that there are general patterns of age-related dynamics of psychomotor activity in women and men: a decrease in speed indicators, including reactivity to a light stimulus, a decrease in the rate of reorganization of the movement pattern when changing tasks (dexterity), deterioration in the accuracy of the flexors with a decrease in the degree of their motor asymmetry (transition from rightness to double-handedness). And there are additional features in men: an earlier decrease in reactivity to a sound stimulus (10 years earlier than in women), a deterioration in the accuracy of not only flexors, but also extensors. Conclusion. The revealed age-related dynamics of psychomotor coordination indicators reflects a decrease in the functional capabilities of the human muscular and nervous systems after 45 years. This circumstance must be considered when developing socio-economic projects so that plans to involve people in socially useful activities do not exceed the capabilities of their body.

Summary. Monitoring of indicators of psychomotor coordination is used as a medical and biological support for innovations in the educational environment, to prove, at a minimum, the safety of pedagogical innovations for the health of students. With a broader approach, they study the absence of potentially pathogenic influences that can lead to alteration of both the physical and mental health of children. In this paper, we analyzed the results of testing the indicators of psychomotor coordination in students from the 1st to 4th grades: 2677 girls and 1528 boys; a total of 4205 children from 66 schools. Some of the surveys were carried out in the fall (early October), some in the spring (March-April). Psychomotor parameters were assessed based on the results of performing motor tests on a computerized movement meter (CMM) when performing movements in the elbow joint. The speed, accuracy and smoothness of movements, the time for changing the motor stereotype, and sensorimotor reactivity to stimuli of different modalities (light and sound) were assessed. It is shown that during 4 years of education in primary school there is an improvement in speed and accuracy indicators of psychomotor, smoothness of movements, as well as an increase in sensorimotor reactivity, however, the time for changing the motor stereotype increases (dexterity decreases), which may reflect the transition to a new paradigm of motion control. For all indicators, the following was found: 1) the presence of age dynamics (by class), 2) statistically significant differences in the dynamics of the results of autumn and spring surveys, 3) differences between girls and boys. Consequently, a correct assessment of potentially pathogenic effects on a growing organism can be carried out only in the same season.

The aim of this work was to study the indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) under conditions of additional respiratory resistance (ARR) as a simulation of climbing to a height in young men with different types of autonomic regulation. The study involved 715 young men aged 19 to 24 years. HRV parameters were assessed by the method of variational pulsometry (BioMouse). Each subject underwent two tests lasting 5 min: background and under ARR conditions. An ETM 2.0 resistive mask was used to simulate climbing (ARR simulation) in three altitudes: 3000, 9000, and 18 000 feet. Each person performed only one test; the height of the lift was not reported to him. Based on the results of background testing, two groups were created: the optimal balance (OB) group—with balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on HRV (stress index 25–100 c.u., VLF above 240 ms2) and the parasympathetic tone (PT) group—with a moderate predominance of parasympathetic (vagal) influences (stress index below 25 c.u., VLF above 500 ms2). During background testing, the OB group was characterized by higher values of the Baevsky indices (the vegetative balance index VBI, vegetative rhythm index VRI, and the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes ARPs) reflecting the predominance of sympathetic tone, and the PT group had higher values of the variational range of the duration of R–R intervals, RMSSD, SDNN, and pNN50

The aim of this work was to study the indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) under conditions of additional respiratory resistance (ADR), as an imitation of climbing to a height, in young men with different types of autonomic regulation. The study involved 715 young men aged 19 to 24 years. HRV parameters were assessed by the method of variational pulsometry (BioMouse). Each subject passed two tests lasting 5 min: background, and under conditions of DDS. An ETM 2.0 resistive mask was used to simulate climbing (ADS simulation), in three altitudes: 3000, 9000, 18000 feet. Each person performed only one test; the height of the lift was not reported to him. Based on the results of background testing, two groups were created: the OB group – with balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on HRV (stress index 25–100 c.u., VLF above 240 ms2), the PT group – with a moderate predominance of parasympathetic (vagal) influences (stress index below 25 c.u., VLF above 500 ms2). In the background testing, the OB group was characterized by higher values of the Bayevsky indices (IVR, VPR, PAPR), reflecting the predominance of sympathetic tone, and the PT group had higher values of the variation range of the duration of R–R intervals, RMSSD, SDNN, pNN50%, which are considered markers of increased vagal tone, and the total power of the HRV spectrum TP. Under conditions of ADR, without taking into account the height of the simulated rise, in the OB group, an increase in indicators correlated with vagal activity was revealed: the range of R–R intervals, RMSSD, SDNN, the HF range in the HRV spectrum, with a decrease in the Baevsky indices (IVR, VPR, PAPR, stress index). The increase in spectral measures of HRV associated with sympathetic activity (LF%) ant TP reached the level of statistical significance only when simulating an ascent to an altitude of 18 000 feet. In the PT group, the changes were oppositely directed: a decrease in correlates of vagal activity and an increase in sympathetic tone, regardless of the height of the lift. However, in both groups, the range of R–R intervals increased the most at 9000 feet, which is critical for the development of mountain sickness. Differences in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in young men determine the direction and severity of shifts in HRV indicators when simulating a rise to a height. In the OB group under conditions of ADR, when simulating a rise to insignificant heights, the indicators associated with vagal activity increase, with an increase in the height of the rise, an increase in parameters reflecting the sympathetic tone joins them. In the PT group, an expected increase in sympathetic tone was found at all altitudes.

The purpose of our study was to search for possible changes in the parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescents during the period from 2004 to 2020 against the background of the introduction of digital technologies into the educational environment.Methods: A comparative analysis of the parameters of the cardiovascular system in female and male adolescents aged from 13.9 to 15.4 years was carried out (57 adolescents in 2004 and 53 adolescents in 2020).We used a spiroartheriocardiorythmograph allowing recording of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and spectral parameters of HR variability and variability of systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) BP.The parameters were recorded at rest in the sitting position for over two min.All studies were performed during school hours in February-March.Results: An increase in the mean sBP values and an increase in the proportion of adolescents with BP in the "hypertension" range to 55% were found in 2020.The total power of HR variability spectrum remained constant, while the relative power of the LF range increased and the absolute power of the VLF range tended to decrease.In the sBP variability spectrum, an increase in the total power and all its ranges was detected, but the relative power of the LF range decreased.In the dBP variability spectrum, the absolute power of the VLF range decreased, while the total power remained constant.No changes in the stress index and alpha index were detected.The dynamics of the parameters in male and female adolescents were similar.Conclusion: These findings indicate significant shifts in the parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescents from 2004 to 2020 recorded during school hours analysis of the parameters of heart rate and BP variability reflecting the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system, suggests that the identified shifts were caused by psycho-emotional stress.We associate this state with the use of digital educational technologies.This trend requires the close attention of school health professionals.It would be expedient to establish the practice of BP measurements at school and share hygienic recommendations on working with digital technologies for students and their parents.

В последние годы происходят существенные изменения социальной среды обитания человека, связанные с развитием компьютеров и тотальной цифровизацией. Этот процесс затронул и образовательную среду, которая во многом определяет жизненное пространство и занимает значительную часть времени у школьников в подростковом возрасте. Целью нашего исследования стал поиск возможных изменений показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у подростков в период с 2004 по 2020 годы на фоне внедрения в образовательную среду цифровых технологий. Методика. Проведен сравнительный анализ показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы подростков от 13,9 до 15,4 лет: 57 девочек и мальчиков в 2004 году, и 53 подростка обоего пола в 2020 году. Использован приборный комплекс спироартериокардиоритмограф, позволяющий оценивать сердечный ритм (СР) и артериальное давление (АД), спектральные показатели вариабельности СР, вариабельности систолического (АДс) и диастолического (АДд) АД. Регистрации (длительностью 2 минуты) проводили в положении сидя, в спокойном состоянии. Все исследования проведены в школе, во время учебных занятий, в феврале-марте. Результаты. Обнаружено возрастание в 2020 году средних величин АДс, с повышением доли подростков с уровнем АД в диапазоне «гипертензия» до 55%. В спектре вариабельности СР при постоянстве суммарной мощности выявлено возрастание относительной мощности диапазона LF и тенденция к снижению абсолютной мощности диапазона VLF. В спектре вариабельности АДс обнаружено возрастание суммарной мощности при усилении всех диапазонов, но со снижением относительной мощности диапазона LF. В спектре вариабельности АДд при постоянстве суммарной мощности зафиксировано снижение абсолютной мощности диапазона VLF. Изменений стресс-индекса и альфа-индекса не обнаружено. Различия в динамике показателей между девочками и мальчиками отсутствовали. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значимых сдвигах показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у подростков с 2004 по 2020 годы, регистрируемых во время школьных уроков. Это может отражать школьно-обусловленное повышение психоэмоционального напряжения школьников, и быть интерпретировано как адаптивный ответ их организма на изменения (в первую очередь - цифровизацию) образовательной среды. In recent years, significant changes in the human social environment have been associated with the development of computers and total digitalization. The educational environment, that largely determines the living space and takes much time of adolescents, has also been modified by these processes. The purpose of our study was searching for possible changes in cardiovascular parameters in adolescents during the period from 2004 through 2020 associated with the introduction of digital technologies to the educational environment. Methods. A comparative analysis of cardiovascular parameters was performed in female and male adolescents aged 13.9 to 15.4 years (57 adolescents in 2004 and 53 adolescents in 2020). We used a spiroartheriocardiorythmograph that allows recording of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and spectral parameters of the HR variability and the variability of systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) BP. These parameters were recorded at rest in the sitting position over 2 min. All studies were performed during school hours in February-March. Results. An increase in mean sBP values and an up to 55% increase in the proportion of adolescents with BP in the “hypertensive” range were found in 2020. The total power of the HR variability spectrum remained constant while the relative power of the LF range increased and the absolute power of the VLF range tended to decrease. In the sBP variability spectrum, increases in the total power and in all its ranges were detected but the relative power of the LF range decreased. In the dBP variability spectrum, the absolute power of the VLF range decreased while the total power remained constant. No changes in the stress index and the alpha index were detected. The time-related changes in these parameters were similar in male and female adolescents. Conclusion. These findings indicate significant shifts in the cardiovascular parameters of adolescents recorded during school hours from 2004 through 2020. This may reflect a school-associated increase in the psycho-emotional tension of schoolchildren and can be interpreted as an adaptive response to changes in the educational environment, first of all its digitalization.

Целью нашей работы стало описание половозрастных особенностей показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма (СР), систолического и диастолического артериального давления (АДс и АДд), а также чувствительности барорефлекса (ЧБР). Методы: спироартериокардиоритмография, позволяющая регистрировать все перечисленные показатели у каждого человека одновременно. В исследовании приняли участие 1559 человек (1119 женщин и 440 мужчин), в возрасте 20-90 лет. Весь возрастной интервал был разбит на 10 диапазонов по 7 лет. Результаты. Показано, что большинство изученных параметров изменяются с возрастом. Для женщин было характерно линейное снижение частоты пульса при возрастании АДс, у мужчин такие закономерности не обнаружены. Для показателей вариабельности СР у обоих полов описана U-образная динамика: снижение с последующим возрастанием показателей SDNN (отражающего сбалансированность автономной регуляции) и общей мощности спектра, с минимумом в 55-76 лет; возрастание в самых старших возрастных группах (после 62 лет) связанных с вагусной активностью RMSSD, pNN50, и мощности диапазона HF; возрастание с последующим снижением стресс-индекса и вклада в спектр вариабельности СР диапазона VLF. Показано, что в возрастном диапазоне 34-55 лет у мужчин в спектре вариабельности СР был выше относительный вклад LF, у женщин - наоборот, HF, с соответствующими величинами отношения LF/HF. Выявлена зависимость от возраста, сходно у мужчин и женщин, спектральных показателей вариабельности АД: при отсутствии возраст-зависимой динамики общей мощности спектров вариабельности как АДс, так и АДд, обнаружено перераспределение относительной мощности разных диапазонов - линейное возрастание вклада диапазона VLF, и снижение после 55 лет вклада диапазона LF в спектрах вариабельности АДс и АДд. По амплитудным показателям барорефлекса минимальные величины зафиксированы у обоих полов в возрастном диапазоне 62-69 лет. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о снижении с возрастом (после 55 лет) относительного вклада в регуляцию сердечно-сосудистой системы симпатических влияний, при возрастании представленности нейрогенных вагусных и гуморальных компонентов. Величины изученных показателей в различных половозрастных выборках могут быть взяты за основу при их нормировании в прикладных целях. The aim of this study was to describe the age and sex characteristics of heart rate variability (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (sBP and dBP), as well as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Methods: Spiroarteriocardiorhythmography recored all reported indicators for each person. The study included 1559 people (1119 women and 440 men) aged 20-90 yrs. The age interval was divided into 10 ranges of 7 yrs each. Results. Most of the measured variables changed with age. Women had a linear decrease in HR with an increase in BP, but this pattern was not found in men. In both sexes, HR variability had a U-shaped dynamics, i.e., a decrease followed by an increase in SDNN. This reflected the balance of autonomic regulation and total spectrum power, with a minimum at 55-76 yrs. After 62 yrs, an increase in SDNN was observed in the oldest age groups that was associated with vagal activity RMSSD, pNN50, and HF band power. This increase was followed by a decrease in the stress index and the contribution to the HR spectrum of the VLF range. For men aged 34-55 years, the relative contribution of LF to the HR variability spectrum was greater, but in women the contribution of HF was greater. There were corresponding gender effects on values of the LF/HF ratio. The dependence on age of spectral indicators of BP variability was equal in men and women. In the absence of age-dependent changes of the total power of the variability spectra of both sBP and dBP, a redistribution of the relative power of different ranges was found. There was a linear increase in the contribution of the VLF range, and a decrease after 55 yrs in the contribution of the LF range to the variability spectra of sBP and dBP. According to the amplitude indicators of baroreflex, the minimum values were recorded for both sexes in the range of 62-69 yrs. Conclusion. The results indicate a decrease with age after 55 years in the relative contribution of sympathetic influences to regulation of the cardiovascular system that was associated with an increase in the representation of neurogenic vagal and humoral components. The values of the measured indicators in different sexes and ages can be applied in practice as a basis for their normalization.

The imbalance between the speed and accuracy of cognitive–motor operations can lead to the formation of abnormal behavioral programs fraught with serious negative consequences for the individual. For successful correction and prevention of social disadaptation in adolescents with nervous and mental diseases and functional disorders in the mental sphere in general education schools, the peculiarities of their psychomotor activity should be taken into account. We measured some parameters of visual–motor coordination and sensorimotor reaction in adolescents with mental disorders with or without organic brain damage. Adolescents from both groups showed higher speed, but poorer accuracy and smoothness of movements than typically developing students. The visual and acoustic reaction times were longer in adolescents with mental disorders without organic brain damage than in reference groups.

Известно, что у детей существует значимая сезонная вариабельность как индекса массы тела (ИМТ), так и ряда показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы. Целью данного исследования стал анализ возможных различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет с разной величиной ИМТ. Методы. В анализ взяты результаты 4-летнего мониторинга показателей функционального состояния организма учащихся одной параллели (4 класса), в динамике с 1-го по 4-й класс; всего 153 человека, из них 82 девочки и 71 мальчик. Измерения проводили дважды в год, в начале апреля (конец учебного года) и начале октября (начало учебного года). Каждое обследование включало оценку антропометрии и показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы (2-минутную регистрацию на приборе спироартериокардиоритмограф в положении сидя). Для оценки данных по антропометрии использованы Z-баллы и процентиль величины ИМТ. Из показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы изучены систолическое артериальное давление (АД), общая мощность (ТР) и отношение LF/HF в спектре вариабельности сердечного ритма. Для анализа сезонной вариабельности оценивали изменения (дельту) показателей между измерениями. Разделение детей на группы по величине ИМТ провели по результатам тестирования в конце 4-го класса: ниже 15-го процентиля (недостаток массы тела), от 15-го до 84-го процентиля (норма), от 85-го до 95-го процентиля (избыточная масса тела), и выше 95 процентиля (ожирение). Результаты. Обнаружено, что доля детей с избыточной массой тела и ожирением была максимальной в конце 1-го класса (28-34%), и снижалась к 4-му классу до 11-15%. Доля детей с дефицитом массы тела, наоборот, к этому возрасту достигала 44,6% у девочек и 35,7% у мальчиков. Для сезонной вариабельности ИМТ было характерно возрастание Z-баллов за учебный год и снижение за летний период, в наибольшей степени - у детей с недостатком массы тела. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы проявилась как повышение АД и ТР при снижении LF/HF за учебный год, и была наиболее выражена в группе нормы. Однако значимых различий в сезонной вариабельности показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей из разных групп по величине ИМТ не обнаружено. Заключение. Сезонная вариабельность показателей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей 7-11 лет не зависит от величины ИМТ. Children are known to have significant seasonal variability in both body mass index (BMI) and some parameters of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to analyze possible differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes in children aged 7-11 years with various BMI values. Methods. The study included results of a 4-year dynamic monitoring of functional parameters in elementary schoolchildren (4 parallel classes) from the 1st to the 4th grade (a total of 153 students, including 82 girls and 71 boys). Measurements were performed twice a year, in early April (end of the school year) and in early October (beginning of the school year). Each examination included evaluation of anthropometry and cardiovascular indexes (2-min recording on a spiroarteriocardiorhythmograph in a sitting position). The anthropometric data were assessed with Z-scores and the BMI value percentile. The studied cardiovascular indexes included systolic blood pressure (BP), total power (TP), and the LF/HF ratio in the spectrum of heart rate variability. The seasonal variability was analyzed by changes (delta) in indexes between measurements. Children were divided into groups based on BMI values obtained in testing at the end of the 4th grade as follows: below the 15th percentile (underweight); from the 15th to 84th percentile (normal); from the 85th to 95th percentile (overweight); and above the 95th percentile (obesity). Results. The proportion of overweight and obese children was maximal at the end of the 1st grade (28-34%) and decreased by the 4th grade to 11-15%. In contrast, by this age, the proportion of underweight children reached 44.6% for girls and 35.7% for boys. The seasonal variability of BMI was characterized by an increase in Z-scores over the school year and a decrease in Z-scores over the summer period. This was most pronounced in underweight children. The seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters was evident as increases in BP and TP and a decrease in LF/HF over the academic year and was most pronounced in the normal group. However, no significant differences in the seasonal variability of cardiovascular indexes were observed in children from different BMI groups. Conclusion. Seasonal variability of cardiovascular parameters in 7-11-year-old children does not depend on the BMI value.

Indicators of the cardiovascular system, including heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) variability parameters, were analyzed in primary school students with different computer screen times. The study included 4084 students of grades 1–4 (age 7–12 years) from 66 Moscow schools. The screen time at school and out of school was assessed by teachers, based on the national Sanitary Rules and Regulations: 0, no screen time; 1, screen time matching hygienic standards; 2, screen time at least twice greater than recommended. Physiological examinations were carried out by spiroarteriocardiorhythmography with a face mask, the conditions corresponding to the functional stress test (mild hypercapnia/hypoxia). Testing took place in spring and autumn (independent samples). Statistical data processing was performed using nonparametric criteria. It was revealed that the introduction of computer technologies in school lessons within the limits of hygienic standards was accompanied by an increase, within the normal range, of systolic BP in girls at the end of grade 2 and 4 and in boys at the beginning and end of grade 4. Screen time at least twice higher than the hygienic standard did not have an additional effect on BP, but provoked shifts in the function of autonomic regulation. Boys were more sensitive to the influence of this environmental factor. Their pattern of seasonal variability in total power (TP) of the HR variability spectrum was reversed compared to that of children who did not use computers at school; i.e., higher TP values were observed in spring. In grade 4, the process was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous arterial baroreflex sensitivity and a decrease in the relative power of the LF range in the variability spectrum of systolic BP. The changes were assumed to reflect the adaptive response to changes in educational environment.

Introduction. The means and methods of computerized learning introduced into the education system in recent years are changing the attitude towards writing with a pen. Children are increasingly typing on a keyboard. This brings into focus research investigations aimed at identifying the possible influence of the above-mentioned type of educational activity on the indicators of psychomotor skills. The purpose of this research is to study accuracy and speed indicators of psychomotor coordination when working with hands in primary school students, depending on the amount of computer load (screen time). Materials and Methods. The study involved 4205 primary schoolchildren in grades 1-4 from 66 educational settings in Moscow (5 academic years, testing took place in October and March-April; all samples were independent). Indicators of psychomotor coordination (speed, accuracy, and smoothness of movements) when performing a motor test using "computer movement meter" (CMM) device were evaluated. The amount of lesson and out-of-school screen time was evaluated by teachers, relying on the hygiene standards: 0 points – no load, 1 point – compliance with hygiene standards, 2 points – twice exceeding the standards, 3 points – exceeding the standards by 3 or more times. Statistical data processing was performed using nonparametric criteria. Results. The research revealed the correlation between the total (lesson and out-of-school) screen time and indicators of psychomotor coordination in primary schoolchildren. The most obvious differences in psychomotor indices were found at the very beginning of school education – in October, in the 1st grade: in children with a minimum amount of computer load, the indicators of speed and accuracy were the worst. Speed indicators of psychomotor skills in groups of children (especially boys) with a high computer load have seasonal variability in the form of improvement by the end of the school year. Accurate indicators of psychomotor skills, on the contrary, with an increase in the amount of general computer load, lose variability and decrease. The smoothness of movements did not depend on the screen time. Conclusions. The identified changes in the psychomotor skills of primary school students who are active computer-users can be considered as a positive adaptive response in the form of developing new motor skills.