A two-dimensional density modeling is performed for profiles crossing the seamounts of the Conrad Rise (Lena, Ob and Marion Dufresne), which are located in the southwestern part of the Indian Ocean and the Afanasy Nikitin Rise, which is located in the central part of the Indian Ocean. According to the assumptions of a number of researchers, the seamount Marion Dufresne and the Afanasy Nikitin Rise were formed as a result of the hotspot 83–73 million years ago. The results of two-dimensional density modeling showed a similar structure of the crust and lithosphere, which confirms the probability of their formation 83–73 million years ago as a result of the action of a single hotspot. Also on the basis of the obtained results, the assumption is confirmed that the seamounts Lena and Ob of the Conrad Rise were formed afterwards due to the continuation of the action of the hotspot under the Antarctic Plate.

The complicated history of the formation of the Kerguelen Plateau, accompanied by intensive magmatic and tectonic activity, affected different structures of the crust and tectonosphere of its certain blocks. Analysis of potential fields along with seismotomography data and other geological and geophysical data allows revealing certain blocks of the plateau and solving a series of questions concerning their structure and evolution of tectonosphere.

Complex history of the Kerguelen Plateau formation accompanied by intensive magmatic and tectonic activity, determined various structure of the crust and the tectonosphere of its singular blocks. The data on potential fields, seismic tomography data and other geological and geophysical information allow us to identify plateau’s singular blocks and define their structure and the tectonosphere’s evolution.

From a gravitational field analysis, the lithosphere was regionalized and a structural schematic map of the eastern part of the Indian Ocean was compiled. The area adjacent to the western margin of Australia was studied. The region is characterized by a complex lithospheric structure. It includes heterogeneous blocks of varying age, framed by structures with different morphological and geophysical expression and varying genesis. To clarify the peculiarities of tectonic structures of various genetic types, structural-density modeling was performed. This made it possible to establish certain gravimetric indicators characteristic of structures of various genesis.

Structural analysis of potential fields jointly with other geologic-geophysical data (first of all, those from seismic surveys, drilling, and dredging) can solve many disputable problems regarding the structure and evolution of the tectonosphere. A structural analysis was made for the southern Indian Ocean in the present work and the results were compared with the seismic tomography data on the same area. The lithosphere types for the main structures in the studied area were inferred; these types are the basis for further construction of the model of the evolution of the tectonosphere of the southern Indian Ocean.

The scientific educational practice on gravimetry for the second-year students of the geophysical specialty in 2012–2013 was executed in Central Russia (Kaluga region, the Village of Aleksandrovka). It allowed us to provide an educational process with modern high-precision gravimeters and to fully preserve the curricula and to add elements of topography and geodesic practice. Over these 2 years reliable facts and data were received, which illustrated the possibilities of high-precision gravity measurements in studying the sedimentary cover features of a geological structure.

The method and results of 3D simulation of the structure of the tectonosphere in the SW Indian Ocean based on gravity field data are presented. The study included the formation of 3D-density models for several areas covering large tectonic structures in the SW Indian Ocean. The formation of 3D-density models of the structure of the tectonosphere was based on the results of structural analysis, which had been performed earlier for the gravity and anomalous magnetic fields, and 2D-density simulation along profiles crossing large structures in the study region. As a result of the 3D simulation, maps of the Moho discontinuity and maps of the density distribution in the oceanic crust were built for the largest structures of the region.

The peculiarities of the crustal structure within the Falkland Basin have been discussed. Maps of the free-air and Bouguer (2.3 g/cm 3 ) gravity anomalies and their transforms have been made. The complex analysis of the anomalous gravity field has allowed us to confirm the continental origin of the crust. The zoning of the crust has been performed. The crust is thinned and is enriched in basic and ultrabasic intrusions. A map demonstrating the distribution of the faults within the studied water area has been made. A conclusion has been reached about the leading role played by tension processes throughout the evolution of the crust within the studied water area.

In this work a scheme of the gravitational and magnetic fields is represented that allows us to distinguish blocks in the basement of the studied region that are homogeneously manifested in the potential fields. Two approaches are considered: the qualitative (contact) approach and the regionalization approach using a classification algorithm. Both approaches give similar results. The association of hydrocarbon fields opened in the Pre-Jurassic sediments to the boundaries of the tectonic blocks we distinguished is noted.

An electronic databank including the results of seismic investigations and schemes of the sediment thickness’s distribution patterns was built up for two seismostratigraphic complexes in the Falkland Basin. The interface’s border was dated, and the sedimentation rates were estimated for each complex. An integrated map of the cumulative thickness of the deposits and sedimentation rates was developed. The lowest limits of the parameters of the sedimentation process were characterized for the sedimentary layers affected by compaction and erosion.

The evolution of the American-Antarctic spreading system is a part of the common evolution of the South Atlantic. Structural analysis that was performed by the authors across the South Atlantic region shows that not only valuable information about the tectonosphere structure but useful complementary information can be obtained on its basis. This information improves the reliability of the interpretation of the physical, tectonic, and geological processes that are taking place within the evolution of the tectonic provinces and regions according to the reconstruction model. The results of the structural analysis, together with reconstructions of the South Atlantic, allowed us to connect them with the evolution of the region and define the place of the American-Antarctic ridge spreading system in the evolution of the South Atlantic Ocean, as well as its interaction with adjacent tectonic structures.

This paper discusses the results of a two-dimensional gravity simulation along a number of transects across the American-Antarctic Spreading System. Bathymetric data, as well as the data of gravity anomalies from satellite altimetry and data on the age of the ocean floor, were used as data. The results of a preliminary three-dimensional simulation were applied for constructing the model and for analyzing the field of complete normalized gradient. A qualitative analysis of the principal tectonosphere boundaries in individual segments of the American-Antarctic Spreading System was undertaken.