A lot of literature sources discuss diseases associated with the hemoglobin protein [1, 2]. In the modern world, more than 800 million people suffer from anemia [3]. Assessing the level of hemoglobin in the circulatory system is one of the ways to diagnose anemia. Hemoglobin protein is also a promising source of bioactive peptides [4]. The aim of the work was to identify the reasons leading to conformation changes of this protein. It still remains unclear what exactly causes disruption of its functionality. Human hemoglobin from Sigma H7379 was studied in the work; all experiments were conducted on a dynamic light scattering spectrometer — Photocor Complex. Experimental data were obtained using optical methods of static and dynamic light scattering. The work included an analysis of the behaviour of hemoglobin protein molecules in aqueous and aqueous-saline solutions with changes in solution parameters (pH, addition of iron chloride III). At values of pH< (3.56±0.15) and pH> (10.4±0.2), the hemoglobin molecule underwent conformational changes, resulting in the disintegration of the quaternary structure into αβ−dimers and individual α− and β−globules. As a result of the study, it was found that the addition of FeCl3 to aqueous solutions of hemoglobin increases the size and mass of scattering particles, which can be explained by the adsorption of Fe3+ ions on the protein surface. However, upon reaching a certain concentration of FeCl3, the pH of the solution was lowered to such an extent that it caused conformational changes in hemoglobin, leading to the disintegration of its quaternary structure. These results can be taken into account when creating medicinal drugs for the treatment of anemia and other diseases associated with the hemoglobin protein.

The lack or overload of iron in living organism can cause different diseases, including those related to the serum blood. In this connection the basic blood proteins, in particular, albumin, can change their charge, conformation, molecular mobility, etc. Due to this fact, it is of undoubtful interest to study the molecular dynamical processes that occur in water solutions of serum albumin under the effect of iron ions. In the present work we performed comparative studies of optical properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) water solutions and BSA solutions with the addition of Iron(III) chloride by light scattering.

Background: A fundamental problem of medical diagnostics as an assessment of human plasma and serum proteins in various pathologic states. Physical molecular and dynamic characteristics of proteins that are significantly changed during a disease have been proposed as diagnostic parameters. Aim: To conduct fundamental research on molecular properties of serum proteins, such as their mobility, intermolecular interactions, aggregation/formation of nanoscale protein clusters, abnormalities of the surface charge, etc., for subsequent development of methods for early diagnostics of cancer based on laser light scattering and fluorescence. Materials and methods: The parameters of protein dynamics were assessed by laser light scattering methods. Results: We performed comparative assessments in model systems and native serum samples for cancer diagnostics and analyzed the possibility to use optical parameters of water serum solutions for development of cancer diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Light scattering methods provide sufficient information on changes of the static and dynamic properties of the serum proteins over time during various pathological conditions.

This article is devoted to main blood proteins (albumin and γ-globulin) while adding gadopentetic acid. Main idea of this investigation is to check whether there is interaction between proteins and different biomarkers. At this work as biomarker was chosen gadopentetic acid. Molecules of gadolinium and gadopentetic acid have gadolinium-containing chelate structures that are used in magnetic resonanse tomography (MRT) to enhance the contrast of images (Zubarev et al, 2003). That's why it becomes interesting and useful to investigate such system as blood and its components, especially albumin and γ-globulin. So we studied the concentration dependence of the scattering parameter cH/R90 for γ-globulin and albumin water solutions without the addition of gadopentetic acid and with its addition by static light scattering (SLS). of the scattered light provides information about the structure of molecules and molecular systems. In experiments on SLS is observed the average (over time) scattering intensity. The analysis of the angular and concentration dependences provides information about the size of the scattering centers: molecular weight and molecular interaction coefficient B. Detailed study of the properties of scattered light allows obtaining information about molecules structure and molecular systems, about the nature of the intermolecular and intramolecular forces and make qualitative and quantitative analysis of various compounds. Light scattering in pure fluid is caused by the fluctuations of the density in volumes, small compared with the cube of the wavelength of light. In the solutions to this is added scattering by fluctuations of the concentration of the dissolved substance. In this case, the rate of excess scattering is determined by the difference between the intensity of scattering of a solution and a solvent. The nature of the scattering depends on the relationship between the wavelength of the light and the size of the scattering particles. If the linear size is l < λ / 15, the scattering is called Rayleigh scattering (van de Hulst, 1981).

Gadoteric acid and gadodiamide molecules havegadolinium-containing chelate structures that areused in magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). [1].Over the past two decades, they were considered safeand effective for medical imaging. However, recentresults indicate the presence of gadolinium in the skinand soft tissues in patients with renal insufficiency,even with the current hemodialysis [2]. Nephrogenicsystemic fibrosis (NSF), which was described in1997, is a recently discovered rare disease ofunknown etiology that affects patients with renalinsufficiency. The development of NSF was directlylinked to the influence of gadolinium-containingmagnetic resonance contrast agents in 2006 [3].

Aqueous solutions of major serum proteins (albumin and g-globulin) with small concentrations of potassium and europium ions were investigated with the use of photon-correlation spectroscopy and atomicforce microscopy. The coefficients of translation diffusion, as well as the effective radiuses of the scattering particles in the solutions as a function of pH and salt concentration, were obtained. It was found that protein dipole nanoclusters form in these solutions, which was confirmed by AFM methods as well.

Using the method of photon-correlation spectroscopy, the coefficient of translational diffusion Dt and the hydrodynamic radius R of the particles in aqueous solutions of the bovine serum albumin, containing silicon nanoparticles, are determined. The character of the dependence of these parameters on the concentration of the protein indicates the absence of interaction between the studied particles in the chosen range of albumin concentrations 0.2 — 1.0 mg mL-1.

Metals play an important role in a human organism. Concentrations of metals, particularly, heavy metals, exceeding the maximum allowable level in the organism are dangerous for persons. At present, it is of topical interest to study molecular mechanisms of the effect of heavy metal ions on biological fluids, for instance, blood, and to develop sufficiently simple and reliable physical methods for environmental monitoring of the occurrence of heavy metals in natural environments, in the first place, in water.

Rayleigh-Debye laser light scattering (RDLS) was used for study of the alterations of physical properties of albumin and γ-globulin molecules water solved in different ratios as a model system of blood serum. By using a portable optical device we simultaneously measured a number parameters of protein solutions such as the effective mass, coefficient of intermolecular interaction, diffusion coefficients of the components, etc. The results of the investigations for model systems were compared with the data obtained for blood serum of healthy and oncology patients.

Molecular methods of diagnostics of widespread diseases including oncological pathology on the base static and dynamic laser light scattering in serum blood solution are testified.Rayleigh - Debye laser light scattering method are used to measure molecular parameters of blood serum. Dynamical parameters of macromolecules can be measured by photon correlation spectroscopy method.We obtained that the parameter of intermolecular interaction B for serum blood solution of oncological patients is considerably less then B for serum blood solution of healthy persons and in a number of cases has even a negative value. The effective mass of scattering particles in serum water solutions for samples of oncology diseases patients increase in comparison to control samples.As follows from our experimental results, there is the difference between dynamic molecular parameters for control samples and ones with oncological pathology.