Ru-containing catalysts based on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are synthesized by preliminary functionalization of the support surface by aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by the microwave-assisted deposition of ruthenium to provide the intercalation of metal nanoparticles into the inner space of nanotubes. The composition and structure of the synthesized catalysts are studied by X-ray fluorescent analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy, and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction. The activity of the catalysts in benzene hydrogenation at a temperature of 80°С and a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa both in the hydrocarbon medium and in the two-phase system with water is studied. It is shown that, in the presence of water, the hydrogenating activity of the catalyst based on modified halloysite nanotubes is considerably higher than that of the sample prepared using the initial halloysite as a support.

The paper demonstrates the possibility to use white mineral oils resulting from hydrocatalytic processing of unconverted vacuum gas oil as a basis for an oil adjuvant used in the production of FMD vaccines intended for livestock. Samples of the developed white oils were tested for their reactogenicity and pyrogenicity, and emulsion vaccines were tested for their reactogenicity, potency, and emulsion stability. Tests results were compared with the ones for a foreign analogue. Blood samples were taken from animals before vaccination and 14 days after it to obtain sera which were further tested for FMD antibodies using VNT. Assessment of the white oil sample reactogenicity demonstrated that sample BM 1.4 obtained during hydroisomerization was the least reactogenic. Sample V-BM 1.4 demonstrated the best result in comparison with other samples within the group as well as in comparison with the control sample during the emulsion stability test. According to the potency test results, the emulsion vaccine based of the white oil sample BM 1.4 demonstrated the greatest difference in antibody titers in 14 days - 4.15 log2, while the one based on the control sample - 3.50 log2. This means that it the use of this vaccine results in 17.7-fold increase in FMD antibodies, while the use of control emulsion vaccine in 11.3-fold increase. Vaccines based on BM 1.3 and BM 2.2 oil samples demonstrated lower performance in comparison with the control vaccine in terms of these parameters.

The paper demonstrates the possibility to use white mineral oils resulting from hydrocatalytic processing of unconverted vacuum gas oil as a basis for an oil adjuvant used in the production of FMD vaccines intended for livestock. Samples of the developed white oils were tested for their reactogenicity and pyrogenicity, and emulsion vaccines were tested for their reactogenicity, potency, and emulsion stability. Tests results were compared with the ones for a foreign analogue. Blood samples were taken from animals before vaccination and 14 days after it to obtain sera which were further tested for FMD antibodies using VNT. Assessment of the white oil sample reactogenicity demonstrated that sample BM 1.4 obtained during hydroisomerization was the least reactogenic. Sample V-BM 1.4 demonstrated the best result in comparison with other samples within the group as well as in comparison with the control sample during the emulsion stability test. According to the potency test results, the emulsion vaccine based of the white oil sample BM 1.4 demonstrated the greatest difference in antibody titers in 14 days - 4.15 log 2 , while the one based on the control sample - 3.50 log 2 . This means that it the use of this vaccine results in 17.7-fold increase in FMD antibodies, while the use of control emulsion vaccine in 11.3-fold increase. Vaccines based on BM 1.3 and BM 2.2 oil samples demonstrated lower performance in comparison with the control vaccine in terms of these parameters.

Experimental data on hydrotreating and cracking of vacuum gasoil on industrial catalysts are reported. Conclusions are drawn concerning the advantages of preliminary hydrotreating of the feedstock over posthydrotreating products of catalytic cracking.

It was shown that iodine numbers of less than 1 g I2/100 g are obtained during hydrogenation of olefin oligomers on a platinum-containing catalyst with optimum parameters. This ensures obtaining white oil stocks that satisfy all current requirements. Stock for hydraulic, aviation, cable, compressor, and other oils can be separated from the hydrogenated products.

The mechanism of the inhibiting effect of diphenylamine during the oxidation of two base stocks of hydraulic oils were studied at 120, 130, and 140°C. The key reactions in the mechanism of the action of the inhibitor were identified, and the values of the kinetic parameters and their activation energies were determined. The kinetic parameters were calculated, and the salient kinetic features of the inhibited oxidation of the two specimens were compared at 70°C, the temperature of accelerated testing of hydraulic oils. The results of this prediction were analyzed, and the reasons for differences in the oxidation stability of the samples examined were established.

The processes involved in the formation of the alumina-supported rhenium catalyst for olefin metathesis, from the impregnation of the support (thermally activated alumina) with ammonium perrhenate to thermal activation, are studied. The monolayer coverage of the Al2O3 surface is observed at a rhenium content of 10 wt % (on Re2O7 basis), and the surplus rhenium is sublimed as heptoxide from the support upon thermal activation. In the metathesis of both linear α-olefins and methylenecyclobutanes, the optimum supported rhenium content of the catalyst is 10 wt % on Re2O7 basis.

The mechanism of the inhibiting effect of diphenylamine during the oxidation of four basestock specimens of hydraulic oils at 120 degrees C was studied. The main reactions involving the molecular inhibitor InH and its radical In-center dot were identified, and the corresponding parameters were determined. The specific features of the mechanism of the action of diphenylamine in the presence of dicumyl peroxide as an initiator were revealed. A mathematical model for the process describing quantitatively the kinetic curves of oxygen uptake under widely changing initial conditions was derived. Based on the model, the efficiencies of the diphenylamine effect on the specimens were compared.

A preparative method for the selective synthesis of 1-methylcyclobutene from methylenecyclobutane (MCB) was proposed. The basic features of heterogeneous catalytic isomerization of MCB on thermally activated aluminum oxide were studied. It was shown that the catalytic activity of alumina depended on its pretreatment temperature. The maximum isomerizing activity of alumina was observed after its successive activation at 850 degrees C in air and nitrogen streams for 1 h in each. The conversion of MCB into 1-methylcyclobutene was found to reach its equilibrium value (85%) at an isomerization temperature of 25 degrees C.

The kinetic features of auto- and initiated oxidation of four basestock specimens of hydraulic oils at 120, 130, and 140degreesC were studied. The key reactions in the mechanism of the oxidation of each sample were identified, and the magnitudes of the corresponding kinetic parameters and their activation energies were determined. The kinetic models derived quantitatively describe the oxygen uptake and hydroperoxide buildup curves measured in the oxidation of these base oil specimens. The kinetic parameters were calculated and the oxidizabilities were compared for two specimens at 70degreesC, the accelerated oil-test temperature. The results of the prediction were analyzed, and the reasons for the change in the relative oxidizability of hydraulic-oil basestocks with a decrease in temperature were established.

The results of radiation exposure on low–viscosity mineral bases for hydraulic oils for aerospace engineering control systems are reported. Isoparaffinic structures with different degrees of branching are best among the dearomatized low–viscosity oils with respect to radiation stability. Hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases are the basic components of the products of radiation decomposition of mixtures with a viscosity of 4 mm 2 /sec at 50°C.

The efficiency of GR–24M catalyst in hydrotreating of heavy vacuum gasoil (HVG) was investigated in the pilot hydrogenation plant at Middle–Volga Scientific–Research Institute of Oil Refining Co. (MVSIOR) The catalyst ensures production of better–quality catalytic cracking feedstock.

The problem of using electric insulating oils in underwater oil production equipment is examined. The results of comparative studies of the physicochemical and insulating properties and thermooxidative stability of domestic and foreign oils of this class are presented.

The kinetic features of auto- and initiated oxidation of four basestock specimens of hydraulic oils were studied at 140degreesC. The key reactions in the mechanism of the process were revealed, and values for the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined. A kinetic model of oxidation describing the experimental oxygen uptake and hydroperoxide buildup curves was obtained for each specimen. The kinetic models for the samples examined were analyzed and compared, and the reasons for differences in their oxidizability were rationalized in terms of the degenerate branching-chain reaction.

A study has been made on the effects of purification on the electrical installation of transformer oil. There is scope for improving the quality of oil made in accordance with GOST 10121 to reach the level corresponding to oils T–750 and T–1500. Oils of T–750 type may be made by completing the treatment of transformer oil with selective purification.

Russia has 7.2 billion tons of difficult to produce, high-viscosity (over 30) crude oils. The reserves of these crudes are concentrated in 267 fields [1]. The Russian field located within the Polar circle — in the Gas Region of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District in Tyumen Oblast', is one of the largest. This field, opened in 1968, has total crude oil reserves of up to 1.5 billion tons. Its industrial exploitation has not yet begun.