In this work, new devices and tools for minimally invasive endoscopic surgery are considered, which were developed by Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, together with the Central Clinical Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences. Experimental samples of the devices and tools are presented.

The effect of an outside wave impact on filtration of fluids from capillaries into environmental porous media and back is considered. Two mechanisms of filtration acceleration are found. The first of them is specified with changing the permeability of environmental porous media and the surface layer of capillaries due to the wave impact. The second mechanism is caused by synchronous and in-phase vibrations of pressure in the capillary and the permeability of environmental porous media. It manifests itself only in the resonance case. Both these effects can be used for intensification of the trance-capillary exchange in medicine.

Рассматривается влияние внешнего волнового воздействия на фильтрацию жидкостей из капилляров в окружающую капилляры ткань и из ткани в капилляры. Установлены два механизма увеличения скорости фильтрации: нерезонансный, связанный с несимметричностью изменения проницаемости поверхностного слоя капилляров и окружающей капилляр ткани на смежных полупериодах волновых воздействий и резонансный, связанный с увеличением перепада давлений, обусловленного пульсовой волной в капилляре, синхронного и синфазного с ним повышения проницаемости, обусловленного волновыми воздействиями. Установленные эффекты могут найти применение в медицине для интенсификации транскапиллярного обмена и микроциркуляции в кровеносной системе.

The influence of external wave action on the filtration of the fluid from capillaries into the tissue surrounding the capillaries and from the tissue into the capillaries is considered. Two mechanisms for increasing the filtration rate are established: nonresonant, associated with the asymmetry of the change in the permeability of the capillary surface layer and the tissue surrounding the capillary at adjacent half-periods of wave actions, and resonant, associated with an increase in the pressure drop caused by a pulse wave in the capillary, and a synchronous and in-phase increase in permeability due to wave actions. The established effects can find application in medicine for the intensification of transcapillary exchange and microcirculation in the circulatory system.

The pressure amplitude in a wave with the energy accumulated in the waveguide channels depending on the fluid characteristics of the rock and the reservoir is determined. A technology and a device for the secondary opening of the productive stratum in a well by making perforation waveguide channels, as well as a device for lowering the filtering shank into the borehole perforation channels, are presented.

В статье рассмотрены новые устройства и инструменты для малоинвазивной эндоскопической хирургии, разработанные Институтом машиноведения им. А.А. Благонравова РАН совместно с Центральной клинической больницей Российской академии наук. Представлены экспериментальные образцы устройств и инструментов.

The results of experimental studies of a new type of wave hydromassagers capable of operating both in water and in air ensuring their convenience are presented. Such devices create three-dimensional (in particular, spiral) waves with amplitudes and frequencies of velocities and pressures of a wide range, including rarefaction zones on the treated surface. This enhances the physiotherapeutic effect. The data obtained can be used in the design of wave hydromassagers and other hydrodynamic oscillation generators for various purposes.

To conduct research on mechanical periodic effects on a person, it is proposed to use a new type of device—hydrodynamic oscillators (wave hydromassagers), which are capable of creating three-dimensional (in particular, spiral) waves in hydrodynamic flows with amplitudes and frequencies of speeds and pressures of a wide spectrum, including vacuum zones on the treated surface. The data obtained can be used in the design of hydromassage devices for physiotherapy.

To carry out studies of periodic mechanical effects on people, a new type of massagers, wave hydromassagers, capable of creating 3D (in particular, spiral) waves in hydrodynamic flows in a wide range of amplitudes, frequencies, and pressures, including those with decompression zones on the treated surface, is considered. The main types of wave hydromassagers are discussed. The results of experimental study and mathematical modeling of wave hydromassagers of one of the developed types, namely, jet-vortex ones, are presented. It is shown that the best agreement between the calculated and experimental data is obtained using the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The data can be used in the design of wave hydromassagers and other hydrodynamic oscillators for various purposes.

The current state of robotic-assisted complexes in minimally invasive surgery is considered. Three different manipulators for robotic surgery, which differ from well-known foreign analogues in a number of advantages, as well as a setting device, have been proposed. The prototypes of robots, the solution of the inverse problem of positions, and the problems of dynamics have been given. It has been proposed to use DC electric motors as drives.

In this paper, we establish the scientific basis for the generation of intense hydroacoustic waves in a liquid as a result of the detonation of a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. The idea of the possibility of carrying out this process with the help of a deep-water electrolyzer, which was confirmed experimentally, is expressed. The processes of combustion and detonation of a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen surrounded by a liquid medium and the initial conditions for an increase in pressure and temperature at the interface between detonation products and a liquid medium at the moment of explosion decay, providing the emergence and propagation of a hydroacoustic wave in a liquid medium, were studied using mathematical modeling methods. The dependence of the peak pressure of the resulting wave, the duration of its positive phase, and the duration of the first wave period on the volume of hydrogen and oxygen, pressure, and other parameters is estimated. The possibility of using the established effect to enhance oil production in oil and gas production is shown.

This paper discusses the mechanisms that ensure a constant point of entry of a tool into a working area. These devices were obtained using bevel gears or belt drives. The solution of the problem of the positions and velocities, as well as the problem of dynamic analysis, and the design of the operating model are presented.

A tendency towards an increase in the microhardness of a chromium coating from adding carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, single-wall and multiwall nanotubes, and graphene oxide) to a standard chromium plating electrolyte, both separately and in the form of a mixture. Based on the analysis of the Raman spectra of the nanocarbon modifiers used and the mechanical characteristics of the modified composite chromium coatings, it is shown that a correlation between the defectiveness level of the carbon nanomaterial added to the galvanic electrolyte and the microhardness of chromium coatings exists, which has made it possible to confirm the hypothesis put forward.

An approach to the study of wave processes in the human cardiovascular system is presented in order to identify the constituent components in the complex signal of the pulse pressure wave—direct and reflected waves. This makes it possible to calculate the pulse wave propagation time and velocity, which are indicators that play an established role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Testing of the approach is based on a combination of methods for measuring the pulse wave with subsequent mathematical processing of empirical data and methods for direct numerical modeling of hemodynamic processes in the arterial tree.

This paper considers the current state of robotic assisted complexes in minimally invasive surgery. Three different manipulators for robotic surgery are proposed, which differ from well-known foreign analogues by some advantages.