The data on generating porous structure from PVF during PVA acetalization is presented. The main parameters comprising the average pore diameter, the ratio of open to closed pores, the apparent density, porosity, and water absorption are estimated. It is shown that the density of PVF samples is about 0.54‒0.58 kg/cm3, and the total porosity is 55–57

The possibility of controlling the hydrogen content and storage in polycrystalline palladium has been elucidated by the internal-friction technique, in which the characteristics of local dissipative processes are analyzed to establish the interplay between the structural changes in a system during hydrogenation and dilution of a metal. The growth of the modulus of the PdH_x solid solution up to the palladium modulus value has been explained by a decrease in the lattice constant due to the release of hydrogen atoms from it. The internal-friction method has also been used to analyze the dissipative processes in cadmium and copper in order to evaluate the possibility of their use for modifying the palladium surface to prevent desorption of hydrogen atoms from the PdH_x –air interface. Spectral analysis has disclosed the possibility of violation of the adhesive contact of their surface layers and the palladium matrix upon variation in the temperature and frequency conditions, which points the way toward further use of the high-temperature polymer systems as blocking coatings.

The work presents data on the formation of a porous structure from polyvinyl formal (PVF) with a leachable filler (starch) during the chemical reaction of PVA acetalization. It is found that under optimal conditions for the synthesis of PVF, the introduction of starch in a given amount leads to an increase in total porosity from 58 to 84

Dynamic mechanical relaxation spectroscopy is used to study the relaxation behavior of elastic alkyl(met) polymers. The items of interest are acrylates on metal substrates before and after UV irradiation of different durations. Analysis is based on comparing the intensity of local dissipative relaxation in irradiated and non-irradiated polymers, along with their glass transition temperatures and elastic properties.

Путем сравнительного анализа спектров внутреннего трения исследован диссипативный α-процесс релаксации в пленках поливинилового спирта (ПВС) и в супрамолекулярной композитной структуре, образующейся при формировании упорядоченных областей в системе ПВС–I2–KI. Показано, что структурные изменения в образцах поливинилового спирта, происходящие при введении йода, вызывают увеличение релаксационной микронеоднородности всей системы в области температур α-процесса релаксации.

The effect a surface has on the dissipative process of α-relaxation in an elastic styrene-(alkyl)acrylate polymer deposited on metal substrates of varied chemical nature is analyzed. The analysis is based on a comparison of the surface energy of the metal surface, the intensity of peaks of internal friction, and the temperature of the copolymer’s glass transition, established via dynamic relaxation spectroscopy.

The dissipative α-relaxation process in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films and in a supramolecular composite structure resulting from the formation of ordered regions in a PVA–I2–KI system has been studied by the comparative analysis of internal friction spectra. It has been shown that structural changes that occur in poly(vinyl alcohol) samples upon the incorporation of iodine enhance the relaxation microinhomogeneity of the entire system in the temperature region of the α-relaxation process.

The structure, expansion ratio, and kinetics of stability of foams from aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a one of the main components to produce special-purpose filters were studied. The stability factors of foams from aqueous solutions of PVA are given as a function of the PVA molecular weight and the solution concentration. It was found that the foam stability increases with an increase in the concentration of aqueous solutions of PVA and, at a solution concentration of more than 8 vol %, is sufficient to produce special-purpose filters. The molecular weight Mw = 68 000 is the most optimum for producing stable foams from aqueous solutions of PVA. The effect of a surfactant on the expansion ratio and stability factor of foams from aqueous solutions of PVA was studied on solutions with constant molecular weight of PVA Mw = 68 000 at two solution concentrations of 4 and 8 vol %. The optimum amount of the surfactant to increase threefold the stability of foams from aqueous solutions of PVA was found to be about 1 vol %. The foam structure was studied using optical microscopy. The pore diameter was shown to insignificantly decrease (from 1.15 to 0.9 mm) upon an increase in the molecular weight from 22 000 to 81 000. A dramatic decrease in the pore size (from 1.15 to 0.5 mm) was observed upon an increase in the concentration of an aqueous solution of PVA from 4 to 24 vol %. An 8 vol % aqueous solution of PVA with a molecular weight of ~68 000 containing ~1.0 vol % of surfactant, providing a sufficient foam stability with time for molding of filters, is recommended for the synthesis of porous filters and the production of stable foams.

The anelasticity regions in elastic latex polymers are established by using dynamic mechanical analysis for both filler-free samples and samples filled with iron and zinc powders. Internal friction spectra show that the α-relaxation process is less intensive in the filled polymers, and the peak corresponding to the glass transition temperature shifts into the region of positive temperatures. In the case of iron powder, we establish the presence of the β-relaxation process related to the segmental mobility of macrochains in elastic polymers. For the highly elastic polymer, the β-relaxation process is found even in the filler-free system, while in the filled system it is shifted into the range of positive temperatures. The internal friction spectra correlate with the variations of frequency with temperature that are used to establish anelasticity regions, suggesting that filling results in the narrowing of this region. This effect is due to the breaking of intermolecular bonds within the polymer and the formation of new relaxation structures in the presence of fillers. At negative temperatures, the spectra feature μ-relaxation processes, which are more pronounced in the filled systems and are consequent to the formation of different forms of ice upon freezing the latex polymer.

Dissipative processes that occur in a highly elastic acrylate polymer in the −150 to +100°C range of temperatures are studied via the differential processing of spectra of internal friction based on data from dynamic mechanical relaxation spectroscopy, allowing for the polymer’s filling with a highly disperse iron powder. Mathematical processing allows to determine the regions of relaxation activity in the filled and unfilled polymer and to evaluate the changes in the relaxation structure of the polymer after the introduction of a highly disperse filler.