AIM: To explore the current situation of myopia among children and adolescents in Mengzi city and the possible influencing factors of myopia.METHODS: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select students in 7 schools(2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools, 2 high schools, and 1 vocational high school)in Mengzi city, Yunnan Province in October 2019. A total of 1 837 students were selected for questionnaire surveys, and examination of distance visual acuity and noncycloplegic autorefraction. There were 1 622 valid questionnaires were finally collected after checking the integrity and rationality of the questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary students in Mengzi city in 2019 was 61.34%. The prevalence of myopia in girls(71.36%)was higher than that in boys(50.45%), and the prevalence of myopia in Han nationality(70.19%)was higher than that in ethnic minorities(57.70%). With the grade growth, the prevalence of myopia showed an upward trend. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of myopia were female(OR=2.308), Han nationality(OR=1.712), higher learning stage(junior high school: OR=1.579, high school: OR=5.538), the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk(1-<2h: OR=1.456, 2-<3h: OR=1.514, ≥3h: OR=1.901), occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing(OR=1.741), insufficient sleep(OR=1.585), parental myopia(OR=2.191).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city is at a relatively high level. Female, Han nationality, higher learning stage, the time of doing homework daily in the past 1wk≥1h, occasionally or never keep your eyes more than one foot away from a book while reading and writing, insufficient sleep and parental myopia are all risk factors that can cause myopia.

目的:了解2019年蒙自市中小学生常见病的患病现况,为制定防治和干预措施提供理论依据.方法:收集2019年蒙自市7所学校6～18岁儿童青少年常见病的监测数据,按性别和年级对常见病检出率进行差异性比较,并分析检出率随年级的变化趋势.结果:2019年蒙自市中小学生视力低下、近视、乳牙龋齿、恒牙龋齿、超重、肥胖和不良的营养检出率分别为62.5％、48.5％、21.3％、35.7％、12.9％、8.9％和11.7％.女生视力低下、近视、恒牙龋齿的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为83.981、66.539和28.566,P值均<0.05).男生肥胖、消瘦检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.199和5.140,P值均<0.05).随着年级的增高,小学生视力低下、近视、恒牙龋齿、超重、生长迟缓的检出率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为132.274、488.058、545.233、22.414和22.414,P值均<0.05);随着年级的增高,小学生乳牙龋齿、肥胖的检出率呈下降趋势(χ2值分别为961.759和8.500,P值均<0.05).结论:2019年蒙自市中小学生常见病中视力低下与近视占主导地位.龋齿、超重与肥胖、营养不良问题,需要相关部门根据不同年级学生的特征采对应的措施以提高中小学生的健康水平,越早实施干预,效果越显著.

目的:了解2005、2010、2014和2019年兰州市汉族中小学生龋齿流行状况及变化趋势.方法:抽取2005、2010、2014和2019年兰州市学生体质健康调研中口腔检查的相关数据,分析学生龋患检出率、龋补构成比等指标和变化趋势.结果:2005、2010、2014和2019年兰州市学生乳牙龋患率分别为49.69％、51.81％、59.36％和60.81％,各年度间呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=33.971,P<0.01);学生恒牙龋患率分别为18.37％、33.40％、46.49％和37.78％,各年度间呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=189.152,P值均<0.01).4个年度乡村学生乳牙龋患率均高于城市学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为30.118、10.855、6.210和4.350,P值均<0.05);女生恒牙龋患率均高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为28.161、43.525、21.026和13.361,P值均<0.05);学生乳牙龋补构成比总体呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.51,P<0.01);各年度恒牙龋补构成比呈波动性变化,差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.242,P<0.01).结论:兰州市中小学生龋患率高,但龋补率较低.应加强乡村地区学校口腔保健工作重视程度,建立健全学校口腔卫生服务体系.

目的 了解2015-2019年兰州市城关区孕产妇梅毒和乙型病毒性肝炎检测情况,为预防梅毒和乙肝母婴传播提供依据.方法 通过国家预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统收集2015-2019年城关区各医疗机构接受初次产前保健孕妇和住院分娩产妇的梅毒、乙肝检测资料,计算并分析孕产妇的梅毒、乙肝检测率和阳性率.结果 2015-2019年城关区产前保健孕妇79733人,检测梅毒77099人,检测率为96.70％;检测乙肝77255人,检测率为96.89％;梅毒、乙肝检测率均呈逐年上升趋势(P＜0.05);梅毒阳性67例,阳性率为0.09％;乙肝阳性1579例,阳性率为2.04％.城关区住院分娩产妇76469人,76418人均进行梅毒、乙肝检测,检测率为99.93％,呈逐年上升趋势(P＜0.05);梅毒阳性71例,阳性率为0.09％;乙肝阳性2551例,阳性率为3.34％,乙肝阳性率呈逐年下降趋势(P＜0.05).结论 2015-2019年城关区孕产妇梅毒、乙肝检测率逐年上升,住院分娩产妇乙肝阳性率逐年下降.

目的 了解2005-2019年兰州市汉族中小学生视力低下现状和变化趋势,为视力低下防治工作提供参考依据.方法 收集2005、2010、2014、2019年4次全国学生体质调研兰州市片区视力低下检查数据,统计分析兰州市以上各年度中小学生视力低下检出率,并进行比较和趋势性分析.结果 2005-2019年兰州市中小学生视力低下检出率依次为67.76％、75.77％、81.31％、77.26％,总体呈上升趋势,历年视力低下检出率表现为女生高于男生,城市学生高于乡村,高中＞初中＞小学.不同性别、城乡、学段的学生视力低下检出率均呈上升趋势,且男生上升幅度(18.23％)高于女生(10.01％),乡村学生(17.91％)上升幅度高于城市(9.64％),小学生上升幅度(16.22％)高于初中(15.64％)和高中(6.09％).结论 兰州市中小学生视力低下检出率存在性别、城乡和学段差异,并呈低龄化的发展趋势;视力低下检出率总体呈上升趋势,应继续加强筛检和干预,提高学生视力健康水平.

目的 通过对2015年至2019年兰州市城关区梅毒孕产妇和儿童用药及随访数据进行分析,了解兰州市城关区预防梅毒母婴传播服务工作的实施效果.方法 通过"预防艾滋病、梅毒、乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统"收集相关信息,分析梅毒孕产妇人口学特征、不良妊娠结局,分析梅毒母婴治疗情况的变化趋势及梅毒孕妇所生儿童的随访情况.结果 2015年至2019年在城关区共监测到127例梅毒孕产妇,其中在本地区分娩的梅毒产妇71例,活产儿70例,正常产儿49例,诊断先天梅毒3例;梅毒产妇治疗率、新生儿预防用药率、儿童规范用药率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05),儿童随访率较高(93.02％).结论 兰州市城关区梅毒孕产妇主要为育龄且文化水平低的人群,不良妊娠结局发生率较高,梅毒母婴阻断服务和随访管理工作有待提高.

目的 了解民乐县6岁以下儿童智能发育状况,分析可能的影响因素.方法 收集民乐县妇幼保健院2016-2018年的儿童丹佛发育筛查测验(DDST)结果,分析儿童智能发育状况及影响因素.结果 668名儿童中,筛查阳性117名,阳性率为17.51％.不同性别儿童筛查阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),不同年龄、地区儿童筛查阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).不同出生体质量儿童筛查阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不同胎次、不同产次、不同分娩方式、不同出生月份儿童筛查阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).合并新生儿抽搐者筛查阳性率较高,合并新生儿黄疸和新生儿窒息者与未合并新生儿黄疸和新生儿窒息者筛查阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).地区、低出生体质量为DDST筛查阳性的影响因素.结论 民乐县儿童DDST筛查阳性率较高,值得重视;要着重提高农村儿童和女童的筛查率;低出生体质量儿DDST筛查异常的风险增加.

目的:了解2017兰州市七里河区居民的死亡水平及主要死亡原因,为制定疾病预防控制策略提供科学依据.方法:对2017年兰州市七里河区死因监测的数据进行汇总、分析,计算死亡率、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)等指标.结果:2017年兰州市七里河区前六位死因为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌和营养及代谢类疾病、消化系统疾病、伤害;该地区居民前六位死因所致潜在寿命损失11380人年,肿瘤居第一位,为4327人年,寿命损失率为9.94％;平均减寿人年数由高到低的疾病为伤害、消化系统疾病、肿瘤、循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌和营养及代谢类疾病.结论:威胁七里河区居民生命的疾病主要是循环系统疾病和肿瘤,已成为严重的公共卫生问题,应给予重点关注并采取有效的干预措施.

目的 了解甘肃省兰州市七里河区居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况,为恶性肿瘤预防策略的制定提供依据.方法 利用2016-2018年兰州市七里河区疾病预防控制中心收集的居民全死因监测数据,以及七里河区公安局提供的常住人口信息,计算恶性肿瘤死亡率和潜在减寿年数等指标.结果 2016--2018年兰州市七里河区恶性肿瘤死亡率分别为162.78/10万,157.54/10万和152.51/10万,无明显变化趋势(趋势x2=1.574,P＞0.05),年平均标化死亡率168.26/10万;男性恶性肿瘤标化死亡率(216.40/10万)高于女性(124.79/10万),差异有统计学意义(x2=173.049,P＜0.001);前十位恶性肿瘤死因依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、肺继发性恶性肿瘤、食道癌、肝继发性恶性肿瘤、白血病、淋巴癌与多发性骨髓瘤;0～34岁及35岁以上居民首位死因分别为白血病和肺癌;恶性肿瘤潜在减寿年数为26 137人年,平均减寿年数15.08年/人,减寿率18.93‰.结论 兰州市七里河区恶性肿瘤居死因第二位,优势癌种为肺癌;应加强肺癌的防护,积极开展癌症早诊、早治,推动癌症防控工作的开展.

Objective:To understand the distribution characteristics of pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) in the high altitude areas. Methods:From September 2016 to December 2017, all healthy and full-term live births in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University and Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Jingning and Lintao branches were selected as the research objects.Critical congenital heart disease or pulmonary diseases were excluded in advance.SpO 2 in different parts of newborns within 12 hours of birth was measured.Statistical comparisons of SpO 2 in different parts of male and female neonates in the same area and SpO 2 in different parts of different regions were made.The number of SpO 2 and the distribution of percentile difference between the lower limbs and the right upper limb of newborns at different altitude areas were obtained. Results:There were no significant difference between male and female infants in SpO 2 value at any lo-wer extremity and right upper extremity and the difference value in the same area (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in the median ( M) values of SpO 2 and the M value of the difference between the two values of any lower limb and right upper limb at different altitudes (all P<0.05). The results showed that the M value of SpO 2 of the right upper limb ( M=96%) in Lanzhou (1 520 m above sea level) was lower than that in Dunhuang (1 138 m above sea level, M=97%) and Jiuquan (1 481 m above sea level, M=97%), and the M value of the difference between the two values ( M=2%) was higher than that in Dunhuang and Jiuquan ( M=1%) ( P<0.05). The M of SpO 2 of any lower limb ( M=96%) and right upper limb ( M=96%) in Jingning areas (1 668 m above sea level) were lower than that in Dunhuang and Jiuquan area (all P<0.05). The median value of SpO 2 of any lower limb ( M=96%) and right upper limb ( M=96%) in Lintao area (1 883 m above sea level) was lower than that in Dunhuang and Jiuquan areas, and the M value of the difference between the two values ( M=2%) was higher than that in Dunhuang and Jiuquan (all P< 0.05). When the altitude was lower than 1 500 m, the M value of SpO 2 was 97%, P3- P97 was 93%-100%; the M value of the difference between any lower limb and right upper limb was 1, and P3- P97 was 0-4.When the altitude was higher than 1 500 m, the M value of SpO 2 was 95%-96%, P3- P97 was 89%-100%; the M value of SpO 2 of an lower limb and right upper limb was 1%-2%, and P3- P97 was 0-9%. Conclusions:The SpO 2 number and percentage distribution of the difference between any lower limb and right upper limb of newborns at different altitudes are different.

目的 了解民乐县儿童神经心理发育中存在的问题及其可能的影响因素,为有效促进儿童健康成长制定有针对性的干预措施提供参考依据.方法 收集民乐县近两年0～6岁儿童神经心理发育测评结果数据,并使用Epidata建立数据库,Ex-cel进行数据整理和筛选,SPSS 22.0进行统计分析和比较.结果 民乐县参加神经心理发育评估的6岁以下儿童中男童多于女童,城市儿童高于农村儿童,主要年龄段集中在婴儿期.78％左右的儿童智能等级位于中等,中下、中上,高、低智能儿童的构成比逐渐减少,低智能检出率为3.3％左右.不同性别的婴幼儿DQ水平,女童高于男童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同地区婴幼儿DQ水平城市地区高于农村地区,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素研究结果显示,城乡地区、月龄、儿童头围大小对神经心理发育水平低下的检出率有影响.结论 加强健康宣教,着重提高农村儿童和女童父母早期参与神经心理发育评估的意识,以减少不良影响,增进婴幼儿的DQ水平.

目的 了解1999-2015年我国孕产妇保健工作开展情况以及工作质量,为完善相关的政策提供参考依据.方法 以1999-2015年活产数、高危产妇比重、建卡率、系统管理率、产前检查率、产后访视率、住院分娩率、新法接生率、孕产妇死亡率等指标为基础,运用TOPSIS法、秩和比法以及两者模糊联合的方法对各年孕产妇保健情况进行综合评价.结果 我国的孕产妇保健情况逐年改善,尤其是2009-2015年,2003年情况最差.结论 运用TOPSIS法、秩和比法以及两者模糊联合的方法对我国孕产妇保健情况的评价结果基本一致,能够较准确、客观地反映孕产妇保健情况.

目的 通过分析2001-2016年兰州市城关区的孕产妇死亡率、死因构成和保健服务指标,了解兰州市城关区孕产妇死亡和保健服务利用情况,为孕产妇保健工作方针与政策的制定提供参考依据.方法 根据2001-2016年兰州市城关区《孕产妇保健和健康年度报表》,对孕产妇死亡和保健情况进行回顾性分析.结果 2001-2016年兰州市城关区孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,由2001年的28.32/10万下降到2016年的13.33/10万,降幅为52.91％,平均下降速度为4.90％;孕产妇死因居首位的是产科出血(45.00％),其次为内科合并症和羊水栓塞(30.00％、15.00％);建卡率、产前检查率、产后访视率、住院分娩率、新法接生率均呈增加趋势,而系统管理率较低,且变化不明显,波动较大,建卡率、产前检查率、住院分娩率和新法接生率均与孕产妇死亡率呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 兰州市城关区孕产妇死亡率呈下降趋势,孕产妇保健服务利用度逐年提高,产科出血和妊娠合病症是孕产妇死亡的主要原因,故今后加强孕产妇保健宣传,做好围生期保健是降低孕产妇死亡率的关键措施.

目的 分析兰州市城关区、全国及全省新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率的变化趋势及关系,为儿童保健工作的开展提供参考.方法 基于城关区、全国及全省儿童死亡数据,分析儿童死亡率指标的增长速度及其之间的关系.结果 2001-2016年城关区儿童死亡率低于全国及全省水平,但下降幅度小,波动大.5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿死亡为主,婴儿死亡中又以新生儿死亡为主,所占比例均达50％以上.2001年以来儿童死亡率逐渐下降,平均下降速度城关区＜全国＜全省,儿童死亡率指标平均下降速度也不同,其中城关区婴儿＞5岁以下儿童＞新生儿,全国及全省新生儿＞婴儿＞5岁以下儿童死亡率.结论 兰州市城关区儿童死亡率已进入一个下降缓慢的“平台期”,应采积极取措施防止儿童死亡率的反弹增加,新生儿死亡率下降速度较慢,婴儿、新生儿死亡一直占5岁以下儿童死亡的主要部分.

目的 探讨先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)患儿与母亲孕前3个月及孕期环境暴露因素的关系,为CHD病因防治提供线索.方法 选择2017年8月至2018年7月,兰州大学第一医院经超声心动图检查确诊为CHD的患儿为病例组,对照选择同期在兰州大学第一医院、兰州市妇幼保健院就诊的健康儿童,采用1∶2频数匹配的病例对照研究,对病例组和对照组儿童母亲孕期环境因素暴露情况等进行问卷调查.使用logistic回归分析母亲孕前3个月及孕期环境暴露因素对CHD的影响.结果 经多因素非条件logistic回归分析发现,母亲孕早期服用药物(OR=3.40,95％CI:1.58～7.33);孕期负性生活事件(OR=4.20,95％CI:2.16～8.17);孕前3个月及孕早期接触特殊物质(OR=3.68,95％CI:1.83～～7.43);孕期被动吸烟(OR=1.96,95％CI:1.15～3.33);孕早期情绪状况(OR=1.91,95％ CI:1.27～2.89)为儿童CHD可能的危险因素.母亲文化程度(OR=0.41,95％CI:0.31～0.53);孕12周前补充复合维生素(OR=0.32,95％CI:0.16～0.63);叶酸(OR=0.38,95％CI:0.20～0.72);孕期适当体育锻炼(OR=0.44,95％CI:0.22～0.91)为儿童CHD的保护因素.结论 孕期避免不良行为习惯,保持孕期心理健康,加强孕期保健,进行正规产前检查,有利于降低CHD发生的风险.

先天性心脏病(CHD),简称先心病,是新生儿最常见的先天性疾病,指胎婴儿心脏或大血管大体的结构异常,对心功能产生实际或潜在影响的一组出生缺陷,发病率较高,在出生婴儿中达0.4％～0.8％[1].尽管在儿科心脏诊断和医疗保健方面已取得进展,但CHD仍然是围产儿和婴儿死亡的首要原因[2].《中国心血管2012》显示,每年有16万左右的CHD患儿出生[3],总经济负担超过126亿元.CHD种类繁多,病因复杂,除个别小缺损在患儿5岁前有自愈机会外,绝大多数需进行手术治疗.其临床后果严重,通常导致流产、死产、死胎、新生儿死亡,及儿童、青少年和成人残疾,给社会、家庭带来沉重的负担.然而,有关CHD危险因素的信息很少,特别是可改变的环境和行为因素.目前,CHD被认为是胚胎期遗传与环境因素共同作用所导致[4].研究CHD的病因,了解与CHD发生相关的因素,对于降低CHD的发病率、提高人口素质具有重要意义.所以,本文就CHD各病因的研究进展作一综述.

Objective To evaluate the implementation and quality of maternal health care work in Chengguan District of Lanzhou in re cent years,provide a reference basis for making related policies of maternal and child health care.Methods Rank sum ratio method was used to evaluate the quality of maternal health care comprehensively based on related indicators of maternal health care service and life quality in Chengguan District of Lanzhou from 2001 to 2016.Results In Chengguan District of Lanzhou from 2001 to 2016,quality of maternal health care was improved year by year,the levels of maternal health care service indicators increased gradually,the levels of life quality indicators decreased gradually.The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that the quality of maternal health care in 2005 was poor,which was relatively good in 2011 and 2012.Conclusion From 2001 to 2016,maternal health care in Chengguan District of Lanzhou achieved a certain effect,but the construction of weak links still need to be strengthened.

Objective To estimate the direct medical costs of inpatients with congenital heart disease(CHD)and reveal the time trend. Methods The CHD inpatients were investigated about medical expenses in the First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University 2011-2015.Structural change degree was used to analyze the change in the structure of each expense. Results The average annual hospitalization cost was positively correlated with year(P <0.05)in simple CHD, composite defect and complex CHD.The average annual hospitalization cost of patients with complex CHD was (49 379.5 ±11 224.5)Yuan/Year which was higher than that of simple CHD](34 528.8 ±6 576.8)Yuan/Year] (P<0.05);Treatment costs share the largest proportion in the total medical costs despite the type of CHD, which was 28.1%,32.1% and 32.3% in simple CHD, composite defect and complex CHD respectively.With the respect of structural changes in various hospitalization expenses, the contribution rate of drug costs was the largest, which was 49.6%,49.3%and 38.1%in simple CHD,composite defect and complex CHD respectively,and showed a positive trend during 2011-2015.The contribution rate of blood costs varied most which was 16.4%and 20.6%with of composite defect and complex CHD respectively,and showed a negative trend during 2011-2015. Conclusion The direct disease burden of patients with complex CHD is heavy and showed increasing trend recently.Drug costs,treatment costs and material costs was the major factors influencing hospital costs.To relieve the disease burden of patients with CHD, multiple resources would be considered to increasing funding and to expand the scope of medical assistance for CHD.

Apigenin (AP) as a plant flavonoid is found to attenuate acrylonitrile (ACN) toxicity by reducing ROS production and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of AP on ACN-induced inflammation and apoptosis in germ cells and whether it is through the NF-κB signaling pathway. AP increased the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase isozyme (LDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), while the concentrations of interleukin β (IL-1β), tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly reduced. AP could downregulate the expression of the nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibit phosphorylation of the inhibitory κBα (IκBα). Cleaved caspase-3 was also upregulated by AP, and the apoptotic were less than those in the ACN group. These results suggest that AP might improve maturation and energy metabolism of testes, inhibit NF-κB activation. Then AP could further downregulate NF-κB signal and inhibit the germ cell apoptosis and reduce inflammatory caused by ACN.

In order to study the effects of acrylonitrile (ACN)-induced oxidative damage on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling pathways in rat liver, 50 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats in each group, according to the body weight. The rats' groups were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50.0 mg·kg-1 ACN via gavage, respectively. NAC group were treated by intragastric administration of 300.0 mg·kg-1 NAC after 30 min of reperfusion 50.0 mg·kg-1 ACN, 1 time per day, 6 days per week for 13 weeks. The levels of GSH and MDA, the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in liver tissue were measured by spectrophotometry method. The mRNA and protein expressing levels of ERS-related GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were detected by RT-PCR and West-ern Blot. The results showed that the levels of GSH in low and middle ACN group were significantly decreased compared to control group. The activity of GSH-Px and SOD, the levels of MDA in low dose group was signifi-cantly increased compared to control group. CAT activity in middle and high dose groups were significantly de-creased in comparison with the control group. Compared with high ACN group, GSH levels was significantly in-creased in NAC intervention group, and also MDA levels and SOD activity were significantly decreased. GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in high ACN group showed significant higher mRNA levels than that in the control group. The expression of CHOP and caspase-12 mRNA in NAC group were significantly lower than that in high ACN group. Western Blot showed that the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 protein in high ACN group were significantly higher than that in control group. The expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 protein in NAC group were lower than that in high ACN group. Our study indicated that exposure to ACN could induce oxidative damage on rats' liver, and then activate ERS signaling pathway. NAC could reduce the degree of oxidative damage and antagonize the ERS signaling pathway. Further study is needed to find the mechanism of this oxidative damage inducted by ACN on ERS signaling pathway.