Significant deformation and failure pose severe challenges to the stability of deeply buried soft rock roadways. Focusing on the soft rock roadways in the Wanfu Mine, this study elucidates the stress accumulation and release mechanisms of the surrounding rock through a combined approach of laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. A resilience-oriented support strategy utilizing micro-NPR steel anchor cables is proposed and validated. Based on the zone failure range theory, the dimensions of the flow layer, plastic softening layer, and plastic hardening layer were calculated to optimize the lengths of long and short anchor cables. Static tensile tests and elastoplastic theoretical analysis were conducted to quantify and compare the energy absorption capacities of conventional and micro-NPR cables. Findings indicate that while conventional cables succumb to failure after energy absorption, micro-NPR cables effectively accommodate energy release without fracturing. Numerical results demonstrate that using PR and micro-NPR cables reduced roadway displacement by 13.8

Roof caving in longwall mining is governed by the coupled evolution of stress redistribution, fracture development, and load transfer in the overburden. However, the formation, migration, disruption, and reconstruction of the stress concentration shell during progressive roof failure remain insufficiently characterized. Taking the 1014 mining face of Yushuquan Coal Mine as the engineering background, this study developed an adaptive FLAC3D-PFC3D continuous-discontinuous framework in which the PFC3D domain was dynamically updated according to the mining-induced plastic zone calculated by FLAC3D. A damage-adjusted bonded-particle formulation represented progressive fracture development, and a physical similarity model with stress and AE monitoring provided trend-level validation. The numerical model reproduced seven roof caving events, with initial caving at 40 m and periodic intervals of 10–20 m. The stress concentration shell formed above the goaf, migrated upward and toward the advancing face, was disrupted during caving, and reconstructed after stress redistribution. The minimum stress in the unloading zone decreased to 3.1 MPa, whereas the front and rear arch-foot stresses reached 21.2 and 22.5 MPa, respectively. Force chain orientations shifted from predominantly vertical to inclined arch-like paths, providing a mesoscopic explanation for shell development. The proportion of fractures at 41°–60° and 121°–140° increased from 38.5 to 45.4% after initial caving and remained approximately 44.0% during large-scale collapse, consistent with increasing oblique fracture coalescence and bedding separation. The physical model reproduced the initial caving distance, comparable periodic caving intervals, and the overall stress concentration shell evolution. AE events concentrated near caving boundaries and damaged thick-hard roof strata, indicating spatial correspondence between active fracturing and stress concentration. These findings clarify the coupled stress-fracture mechanism governing overburden failure and identify stress concentration shell migration, and AE activity as potential indicators for critical monitoring regions and mining stages.

Grouting is considered an effective reinforcement method for fractured rock masses in underground engineering. Although the traditional grouting technology mainly plays a bonding role, it has a limited effect on the reinforcement of the surrounding rock fractures. In order to improve the density of the slurry and enhance its reinforcement effect, an expansion agent can be mixed in the grouting material. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, an equivalent model for slurry reinforcement of fissured rock masses was established in this study, with the expressions for rock mass strength under various reinforcement techniques derived, and the strengthening mechanism of slurry reinforcement on fissured rock masses elucidated. Through indoor uniaxial compression tests and numerical simulation methods, this study investigates the crack initiation and propagation characteristics of rock masses with different fracture angles, and analyzes the reinforcement mechanisms and effects of ordinary slurries and expansion slurries on fractured rock masses. The study indicates that expansion slurry provides superior reinforcement compared to ordinary slurry, with the increase in expansion stress significantly improving the grouting reinforcement effect. Grouting improves the strength of fractured rock masses, though it does not fully restore their original strength. Post-grouting, the fissured rock mass exhibits a change in damage mode, with initial crack propagation occurring along the slurry-rock interface. Subsequently, the cracks propagate obliquely toward the prefabricated fissures, culminating in the overall splitting failure of the rock mass with the slurry-rock interface as the core. Through the expansion agent grouting reinforcement method, the transportation roadway of Jintong Coal Mine was reinforced, and the surrounding rock was effectively controlled, which proved the superiority of expansion agent grouting reinforcement.

This study integrates physical similarity experiments with numerical simulations to examine how overburden lithology influences roof caving behavior and stress field evolution at a longwall mining face. The results demonstrate that overburden strength significantly governs the timing, extent, and periodicity of roof caving, while also strongly affecting the evolution of mining-induced stress. As lithological strength increases, both damage and displacement within the overburden strata decrease. High-strength roofs exhibit larger caving step distances and longer stress accumulation periods. In contrast, low-strength roofs enter the plastic deformation stage earlier, leading to shorter caving step distances, more frequent caving events, and a wider caving range. During coal seam extraction, roof deformation is accompanied by stress concentration and release, which are processes that are closely associated with dynamic disasters. Due to their higher elastic modulus and compressive strength, high-strength rock strata can accumulate greater elastic strain energy prior to failure. Once instability occurs, the rapid release of stored energy leads to intense stress redistribution and dynamic loading. As lithological strength increases, the stress concentration shell evolves from an arch-shaped structure to a flatter configuration. This transition results in higher internal stress levels and stronger stress concentration, thereby increasing the risk of dynamic disasters such as impact instability. Therefore, maintaining the stability of the stress concentration shell and preventing its migration into deeper strata are essential for ensuring surrounding rock stability and safe mining operations.

To address delayed roof fracture, severe stress concentration, and strong strata pressure under thick-hard roof conditions, this study investigated the 1014 mining face of Yushuquan Coal Mine. A staged thick-plate model incorporating boundary-condition degradation was established based on Mindlin-Reissner thick-plate theory to analyze the deformation and stress redistribution characteristics of the thick-hard roof during mining. The evolution mechanism of the stress-concentration shell was systematically studied through theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical simulation, and field application. The results show that, with mining advancement, the boundary constraints of the thick-hard roof gradually evolve from four-sided clamped support to four-sided simply supported conditions. Meanwhile, the high-stress zone migrates from the goaf boundary toward the central suspended roof region. The stress-concentration shell undergoes a dynamic process of formation, expansion, failure, and reconstruction, and its instability is the main driving mechanism of large-scale roof caving. The plastic zone expands upward in an inverted funnel shape, while acoustic emission signals increase significantly before roof instability and exhibit strong precursor characteristics. Based on the evolution characteristics of the stress-concentration shell, a three-stage coordinated blasting technology was proposed to regulate the overburden load-bearing structure. Field application shows that this method effectively reduces suspended roof distance, caving block size, surrounding rock deformation, and hydraulic support pressure, thereby improving roof stability and mining safety. The results provide theoretical and engineering references for stability control of thick-hard roofs under similar mining conditions.

Roof cutting for gob-side entry retaining actively modifies the structural configuration of the roof and the two ribs, which intensifies the inherent asymmetry in both the surrounding rock structure and the stress distribution. This structural evolution makes asymmetric floor heave under dynamic pressure a critical challenge. In this study, the mechanisms and control strategies for asymmetric floor heave in roadways under dynamic pressure were investigated through physical model tests, theoretical analysis, and field measurements, followed by a successful engineering application at the Zhaogu No. 1 Mine. Physical model tests verified the advantages of roof cutting in controlling surrounding rock deformation and revealed the evolutionary process of tensile strain in the roadway floor from shallow to deep strata. A mechanical model of asymmetric floor failure under mining-induced dynamic pressure in roof-cutting gob-side entry retaining was established, and the failure depth and plastic zone width after roof cutting were derived using Rankine’s earth pressure theory. Furthermore, a pressure-equalizing support scheme was proposed, incorporating roof pre-splitting, constant resistance & large-deformation (CRLD) support for the roof and coal ribs, and inverted floor beam support for the floor. Field results demonstrated that, compared to the unrestricted floor control scheme, this pressure-equalizing support scheme reduced floor heave by 46.1%. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed integrated control scheme were systematically verified through theoretical analysis, physical similarity simulation, and field validation.

Blasting technology is widely used in deep rock mass engineering, and the surrounding rock damage and crack propagation caused by blasting are usually affected by ground stress. The failure and propagation of cracks in boreholes surrounding rock under the combined action of uniaxial stress and blasting load are comprehensively studied. Explosion tests, mechanical analysis, and finite element modeling are used to verify these results from the perspectives of numerical simulation and field engineering. The LS-DYNA numerical software is used to verify the explosion experiment, and the corrected constitutive model is used to simulate the effects of different uniaxial stresses on rock loosening and shaped charge blasting failure characteristics. The fracture network is processed by ImageJ software, and the fracture morphology and fractal characteristics of rock surface are analyzed. Then, the change of fracture mode of uniaxial stress-induced shaped charge blasting is analyzed by means of elastic mechanics, and the mechanism of directional crack propagation is discussed. The results show that the crack initiation occurs along the zone of maximum tensile stress around the hole during loosening blasting. The application of uniaxial stress can restrain the speed and length of crack growth and control the direction of radial crack growth, which makes the crack propagation parallel to the stress direction more advantageous. In the process of shaped charge blasting, with the increase of uniaxial stress, the damage in the shaped charge direction gradually forms a complete failure plane, which significantly inhibits the crack growth in the non-shaped charge direction. This leads to fewer cracks, but faster spreads, and fewer fractal dimensions of cracks and rock damage. Finally, the test of cutting the top and relieving pressure of coalmine by shaped charge blasting has been carried out, and satisfactory results have been obtained. In deep rock mass engineering, it is suggested to use shaped charge blasting under anisotropic ground stress to achieve directional blasting so as to better maintain the integrity of surrounding rock and obtain a smoother blasting surface.

Weakly cemented soft rock (WCSR) strata are widely distributed in western China, and the roadway support problem in such strata is one of the challenging issues during the mining process. Taking the weakly cemented soft rock roadway of Jintong Coal Mine as an example, this paper mainly studied the failure characteristics, failure mechanism, and coordinated control technology of the roadway. Field monitoring and surrounding rock deformation analysis first clarified the failure mechanism of water-seeping soft rock roadways. Subsequently, similarity model tests simulating coalface mining under roof-cutting pressure relief conditions captured critical phenomena including roof subsidence, coal pillar spalling, gangue-blocking structure bending, and single prop failure under reinforced support. During roadway excavation, minimal surrounding rock deformation occurred. In the mining phase, roof-cutting severed displacement transfer paths between overlying strata and roadway roofs, resulting in negligible roof subsidence, intact short-arm beam structures, and compacted goaf gangue forming stable gangue-support structures. Overloading tests revealed roof penetration by props, gangue-blocking structure deformation, and solid coal wall failure. Based on experimental findings, a coordinated control strategy integrating "multi-dimensional dual-gradient grouting technology, high pre-stressed NPR (Negative Poisson's Ratio) cable support, and deep-hole roof-cutting pressure relief" was proposed. Field applications at the 51,112 working face demonstrated successful control of surrounding rock deformation. These results provide valuable references for roadway stability management in WCSR geological conditions.

The control mechanism of the deep through-fault mining roadway is studied using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field tests to assess the roadway stress evolution courses at Daqiang Coal Mine. We proposed the control countermeasures of "pre-splitting cutting roof + constant resistance large deformation cable" (PSCRCRLD) simultaneously. The study shows that: (1) The mining roadway is affected by the tectonic stress of the deep fault, and the high stress area is transferred to the surface of the roadway. The combination of intense dynamic loads and significant static loads results in substantial deformation damage to the roadway. (2) The PSCR alters the rock structure to create an artificial weak surface. The high stress zone in the roadway shifts to the deep rock, altering the stress conditions of the roadway. After numerical calculation, the low stress zone of the roadway is enlarged by 4.6-5.1 times, and the peak stress of the roadway is reduced by 50%-60%. (3) The CRLD cable can exert a significant pre-stressing force and returning the rock to its original three-phase stress state. Furthermore, the anchor cable can flex in deformation with the rock, offering consistent support resistance. (4) The PSCR-CRLD is utilized at the Daqiang coal mine, resulting in a 45-50% reduction in the convergence of the mining roadways. And the stress of roadway is reduced by about 50% after engineering measurements. It offers experience in control for deep through-fault mining roadways.

Stress redistribution of deep excavation rock mass is a complex mechanical problem of multiple stresses. First, the mechanical model of surrounding rock at the moment of excavation of deep high-stress soft rock roadways was established based on the superposition principle of elastic theory, and the variation rules of tangential stress σ1 and radial stress σ3 were studied. Then, the supporting mechanical model of deep high-stress soft rock roadways was constructed, and the supporting effect of surrounding rock was revealed. Next, the response characteristics of σ1 and σ3 of surrounding rock and corresponding failure mechanisms under traditional support and compensation support were investigated through physical model tests. Finally, the applicability of compensation support technology was verified by numerical simulation and field engineering application. Mechanical analysis results indicated that the stress redistribution in deep high-stress soft rock roadways shows the trend of radial pressure relief and tangential pressure increase, σ1 becomes twice of the original and σ3 decreases to 0 at the moment of excavation. After supported the excavated rock mass, the σ3 of roadway edge is the support resistance of surrounding rock, and σ1 decreases with the increase of support resistance. The model test results showed that surrounding rock deformation of compensation support reduces by 73.7%, the destroyed area reduces by 88.3%, the crack length reduces by 11.0%. The σ3 of the shallow surrounding rock increases by 68.3%, and the peak value of σ1 decreases by 18.2%. The compensation effect of traditional support is weak, the σ3 attenuates greatly and the σ1 concentrates highly, which causes the crack to continue to open and extend in depth, resulting in the surrounding rock expansion deformation. Compensation support gives full play to the three-axis strength of the surrounding rock and mobilizes the self-bearing capacity of the deep rock mass by NPR cable. The compensation degree of σ3 is high and σ1 is significantly reduced, thus restraining the propagation and penetration of crack and realizing the self-stability of surrounding rock. After the compensation support technology is used in soft rock roadways, the NPR cables achieve constant resistance, the deformation of surrounding rock and the damage degree of support are significantly reduced, which indicates that this technology has a good control effect on deep soft rock engineering with high in situ stress.

The stability control of roadway surrounding rock in weakly cemented soft rock strata is becoming increasingly crucial in western mining areas. At the Jintong coal mine, this study involved on-site investigations and borehole inspections to understand the deformation and instability characteristics of the roadway. XRD and SEM analyses were used to determine the mineral composition and microstructure of the surrounding rocks, shedding light on the microscopic mechanisms underlying roadway instability. Laboratory experiments analyzed the effects of water on the physical–mechanical properties, crack development, and acoustic emission characteristics of weakly cemented coal-rock composite samples, clarifying the deformation and instability mechanisms. Based on the stress softening and swelling characteristics of weakly cemented rock masses, a large deformation constitutive model was established. The theoretical plastic zone radius was then compared with measured results. Additionally, a comprehensive support scheme was proposed, incorporating multi-dimensional dual-gradient grouting control technology and NPR anchor bolts with high pre-stress compensated support, based on grouting mechanisms and high pre-stress support theory. Field monitoring results showed that this support scheme effectively controlled instability. This research provides valuable insights for roadway support in similar engineering geological conditions in Northwest mining areas. The deformation and instability mechanisms of roadways in weakly cemented soft rock were identified. A large deformation constitutive model for weakly cemented rock masses was established. A control technology for the surrounding rock of roadways in weakly cemented soft rock was proposed and applied on-site. The proposed control techniques are better applied in the field.

To comprehensively investigate the influence of water content on the mechanical and crack propagation characteristics of coal rock assemblage (CRA) with a rough interface, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on specimens with varying water content. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were employed to monitor the water content and AE signals throughout the experiment. The physical and mechanical properties, as well as the extent of crack development and acoustic emission (AE) parameters, were comprehensively investigated under conditions of water erosion. The results demonstrate that a rough interface contributes to an enhancement in the compressive strength of the composite material. Moreover, the moisture content exerts a significant influence on various aspects of the composite specimen, including its compressive strength, time b value, crack development, and crack propagation. With the increase in water content, the initial single slope shear failure of the composite specimen gradually transitions into a multi-section shear failure mechanism. Under the influence of water-rock interaction, sandstone within the formation undergoes a metamorphosis from a densely cemented structure to an irregular honeycomb-like configuration. This transformative process engenders novel porosity and fractures, ultimately compromising the rock’s mechanical strength. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the AE parameter b and uniaxial stress and water content, with emphasis on its relevance to damage theory. A damage model based on water immersion rate was established to elucidate the correlation between damage variables and water content. This was achieved by considering the characteristics of water-rock coupling AE and constructing a structural model of the water absorption process in different pore throats, thereby providing valuable insights for stability design and evaluation of roadway rock masses.

Aiming at the problem that roof deformation of cross fault roof cutting and pressure relief self-formed roadway is large and difficult to support, the mechanism of roof deformation of self-formed roadway in cross fault roof cutting and pressure-relieving roadway is studied based on the engineering background of the transport channeling of No. 11101 face in the eastern district of Qipanjing Coal Mine, and the effect of the support method of “roof cutting and pressure relief + constant resistance anchor cable” on roof deformation control of self-formed roadway in cross-fault roof cutting and pressure relieving roadway is studied. A mechanical analysis model was established to study the influence of the relevant parameters of the roof on the direct roof stress of the roadway, and the deformation process of the roof of the roadway was divided into four stages. The calculation method of each stage and the total vertical displacement of the roof of the roadway were studied and the calculation formula was given, and the relevant parameters were substituted into the formula to solve the vertical displacement of the roof of the roadway across the fault. 3DEC numerical simulation software was used to establish the numerical calculation model of self-formed roadway with cross fault roof cutting and pressure relief, and the stress-strain evolution law of roadway roof near the fault and the control effect of constant resistance anchor cable were studied. The research results show that the error between the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis data of roadway roof deformation is 1.14% and 4.04%, respectively. The constant resistance anchor cable can effectively reduce the deformation of roadway roof. Compared with the non-constant resistance anchor cable model, the vertical displacement of roof on slit side of upper wall roadway is reduced to 16.8%, and the vertical displacement of roof on slit side of lower wall roadway is reduced to 50.7%. The roof of upper and lower wall roadway will have different degree of stress concentration in the process of mining through the measurement section of roadway, and the vertical stress concentration value of upper wall roadway roof is larger than that of lower wall roadway, which is 5.72 MPa and 4.48 MPa respectively. The constant resistance anchor cable can reduce the deformation rate of roadway roof near the fault, and control the deformation of roadway roof jointly with the gravel wall after the filling is completed. By comparing the displacement monitoring data of surrounding rock along the channel of No. 11101 face transport with the calculation results of the theoretical model, the error is less than 10%, which proves that the support method of “roof cutting and pressure relief + constant resistance anchor cable” has a good control effect on the roof deformation of cross fault roadway.

Traditional support (TS) is not sufficient to address the issue of large deformations in deep soft rock roadways with high stress. Based on model tests, this study considered the superposition effects of the evolution of tangential stress 01 and radial stress 03 on the crack propagation of excavated rock mass. Moreover, it explored the response characteristics and failure mechanisms of surrounding rock under different support modes. The results showed that, compared with the TS, the compensation support (CS) reduces the surrounding rock deformation, fracture and expansion area, and crack length by 73.7, 86.5, and 37.7%, respectively, while the roadway crosssectional area increases by 36.8%. At 0.5R, 03 of the shallow surrounding rock increases by 68.3%, and the peak value of 01 at this location drops by 18.2%. The excavation effect causes 03 and 01 of the surrounding rock to decrease and increase, respectively. The decrease in 03 leads to initiation of microcracks in the shallow surrounding rock, whereas the increase in 01 causes the cracks to further open and propagate deeper. Finally, the dislocation, slippage and overturning of the fractured rock blocks along the structural planes result in bulking deformation of the shallow surrounding rock. The occurrence of microcracks in the deep surrounding rock leads to dilatation deformation. The CS strongly compensates for the stress of surrounding rock through negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) cables, giving full play to the triaxial strength of the surrounding rock and mobilising the self-bearing capacity of the deep rock mass, thereby inhibiting the propagation and penetration of cracks. In contrast, the TS cables have a low prestress and weak excavation compensation effect, which makes it difficult to inhibit the evolution and coalescence of cracks, leading to large deformations in the surrounding rock.

Automatically formed roadways (AFR) are highly susceptible to extreme deformation and damage under thick-hard roof geological conditions. Taking the thick-hard roof of the Yushuquan coal mine as a case study, this paper mainly studies the extreme deformation, failure mechanism, and control technology of the AFR. First of all, through on-site monitoring, the maximum vertical convergence rate of the AFR in thick-hard roof reaches 44.8 mm/d. The failure of the AFR mainly focuses on the roof sinking, coal rib rupture, and deformation of gangue prevention structure. Then, a model test was employed to analyze the deformation characteristics of the AFR, including the roadway roof, roadway floor, solid coal rib, and gangue rib. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of the AFR in thick-hard roof is explored. The model test shows that the rotation and subsidence of the roadway roof strata are the main factors causing the AFR damage. In turn, the subsidence of the roadway roof strata is controlled by the movement and distribution characteristics of the hard rock blocks within the cutting range. Eventually, cooperative control technology was proposed, including increasing the gangue volume in the goaf and increasing the coal rib strength to control the extreme deformation of the AFR in thick-hard roof conditions. Field engineering application demonstrates that the deformation of AFR surrounding rock is effectively controlled under thick-hard roof. The research findings can serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and control of the stability of AFR under complex geological conditions.

The technology of combining a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) anchor cable with a double-layer truss support technology (N-DTST) is a new support technology for deeply buried tunnels. To evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock support after the application of this new support technology in the Sichuan-Tibet Railway tunnels, geomechanical model tests were conducted for the first time. A model test loading system with intelligent numerical control and automated analysis was developed to reveal the changing patterns of displacement and stress in the surrounding rock of tunnels. The test results revealed the following: (1) After the burial depth exceeds 800 m, the tunnel undergoes large deformations with displacements greater than 37.5 mm, and the traditional anchor cable support fails; (2) In the burial depth range of 800-2,000 m, the new support technology can control the surrounding rock deformation, and the surrounding rock displacement is less than 10 mm; (3) After the tunnel excavation, the radial stress decreases and the tangential stress concentrates. When the burial depth is greater than 800 m, the radial stress compensation provided by the anchor cable no longer meets the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the new support technology can provide high stress to support the deeply buried tunnel; (4) After the burial depth exceeds 2,000 m, butterfly-shaped damage occurs on the tunnel surface, the truss structure inside the tunnel is damaged, and the support structure fails, so it is recommended to carry out reinforcement support at the arch shoulder. The research results verify the effectiveness of the new support technology and provide an important reference for the support of the surrounding rock in deeply buried tunnels. Common Poisson's ratio anchors/ropes or shotcrete are widely used in tunnels as the core support structure. They often fail to meet the requirements of fractured rock, expansive rock, and high-ground-stress soft rock tunnels because they cannot adapt to the large deformation characteristics of the catastrophic rock mass. Based on this, this paper proposed a new support technology: an anchor rod/rope with a negative Poisson's ratio material combined with a double-layer three-dimensional truss for joint support of the tunnel. To verify the feasibility of this technology, the research and development team developed a new design for the structure. To verify the feasibility of this technology, a large-scale geomechanical model test system was developed, and a comparative model test was conducted using this test system in combination with the ground stress environment of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway to verify the effectiveness of the new support technology proposed in this paper, which provides a reference for the world's deep buried tunnel support technology.

The combination of rock and concrete lining structures is a typical composite structure in the field of engineering. This study is based on the concept of equivalent strain energy and establishes a mechanical equivalent model for rock-concrete assemblies (RCA). Assuming that both rock and concrete satisfy the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, we derive the shear failure criterion of the equivalent model considering the roughness of the rock-concrete interface. The applicability of the model was verified through uniaxial and triaxial tests on eight different types of RCA structures. The research results indicate that an increase in confining pressure enhances the strength of the RCA. When the confining pressure reaches a certain value, concrete only experiences shear failure, and no macroscopic cracks appear in the rock. The structure of the RCA tends towards isotropy. As the height ratio of the RCA increases, its strength decreases. At minimal concrete height ratios, the strength of the RCA gradually approaches that of concrete. This study can provide valuable insights for designing and evaluating stability in engineering rock bodies within diverse geological environments.

By utilizing collapsed gangue to create gob ribs, roof cutting and roadway maintenance (RCRM) technology enables coal pillar-free mining, presenting a novel approach. Due to their inherent structure, faults, which are common geological formations, can lead to various hazards, including fault sliding and significant deformation of roadways. In this study, a self-designed underground engineering simulation test device is utilized to imitate the cross-fault mining of the 11,101 working face in the Qipanjing Coal Mine (East). The objective is to examine the behavior of the surrounding rock and stress evolution. Generally, the experimental findings demonstrate that compared to the return air roadway, the RCRM roadway experiences a 3.3% decrease in maximum coal rib stress. This suggests that the implementation of this technique can effectively alleviate the stress on the surrounding rock of the roadway. The maximum coal rib stress, lateral pressure of the gob rib, and maximum deformation of the roof near the fault of the RCRM roadway are 11.3%, 25.6%, and 86.1% greater than those of the conventional geological conditions, respectively. The roadway deformation is negatively impacted by the fault structure. Based on experimental data and field measurements, a discrepancy in the maximum roof deformation between the test and field monitoring results under typical geological conditions is 8%. This indicates a favorable alignment between the test results and the real-life scenario. In conclusion, the proposed targeted control technique is implemented in the field by integrating the mining invariant equation and gangue volume expansion equation. This not only validates the effectiveness of the technology but also offers valuable insights for the future utilization of RCRM technology under comparable circumstances.

The angle α between the fault strike and the axial direction of the roadway produces different damage characteristics. In this paper, the research methodology includes theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and field experiments in the context of the Daqiang coal mine located in Shenyang, China. The stability control countermeasure of "pre-splitting cutting roof + NPR anchor cable"（PSCR-NPR） is simultaneously proposed. According to the different deformation characteristics of the roadway, the faults are innovatively classified into three types, with α of type I being 0°-30°, α of type II being 30°-60°, and α of type III being 60°-90°. The full-cycle stress evolution paths during mining roadway traverses across different types of faults are investigated by numerical simulation. Different pinch angles α lead to high stress concentration areas at different locations in the surrounding rock. The non-uniform stress field formed in the shallow surrounding rock is an important reason for the instability of the roadway. The pre-cracked cut top shifted the high stress region to the deep rock mass and formed a low stress region in the shallow rock mass. The high prestressing NPR anchor cable transforms the non-uniform stress field of the shallow surrounding rock into a uniform stress field. PSCR-NPR is applied in the fault-through roadway of Daqiang mine. The low stress area of the surrounding rock was enlarged by 3-7 times, and the cumulative convergence was reduced by 45%-50%. It provides a reference for the stability control of the deep fault-through mining roadway.