使用等离子体通过两步法对丙纶无纺布进行亲水整理.采用氮气等离子体处理丙纶无纺布,在纤维表面产生自由基;抽出氮气导入丙烯酸气体,利用自由基引发其聚合,并应用等离子体放电提高丙烯酸气体能量以加速聚合.采用红外吸收光谱(FTIR-ATR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测试等方法对整理后静置3个月的丙纶织物进行测试.结果表明,整理后纤维在1700～1725 cm-1处红外吸收略有增强,XPS发现整理后丙纶中存在羰基,说明丙烯酸对丙纶纤维实现了表面改性;整理对纤维形貌改变不大,仅表面出现少量鳞片状突起物;整理前丙纶无纺布的平均接触角为127°,整理后水滴于0.20 s内完全润湿,接触角为0°.

本文主要是开展对管状件内壁(如碳钢、聚酯PET瓶、塑料针筒等)采用微波表面波等离子体沉积薄膜的均匀性的研究.论文从沉积薄膜的工艺参数到微波耦合天线的设计对所沉积的纳米DLC薄膜均匀性的影响因素方面进行了探索,通过测量沿天线方向不同位置薄膜的沉积速率得到:影响微波等离子体沉积薄膜均匀性的因素主要是表面波强度的大小,Penning放电只能改善区域性薄膜沉积,不能在整个天线范围增强放电、不能制备均匀的纳米薄膜.

原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition,ALD)是基于自限制界面反应的薄膜生长技术.采用原子层技术可以制备结构致密、高保形、低缺陷密度、性能优异、均匀性好的薄膜.氧化铝是原子层沉积最常见的薄膜(ALD-Al2O3),具有高透明度、高禁带宽度、高介电常数、高阻隔性以及良好的化学和热稳定性,因而作为钝化层、气体渗透阻隔层和栅极介电层等广泛应用于太阳能电池钝化、OLED封装、有机太阳能电池介质层、印刷电子和微电子封装等领域.本文综述了ALD-Al2O3原理、在线诊断和应用发展现状,主要包括氧化铝薄膜的生长机理、单体选择、沉积方法、原位诊断,同时对ALD-Al2O3应用以及未来的发展趋势进行预测.

In order to develop methods on designing environmental protective textiles, theoretical support and research methods are reasonably established from the process of the traditional national textile-handicraft. By scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and the other detection methods, the micro-structure, optical and other spectral characteristics of Liang cloth were analyzed, scientifically studied and theoretically explained aiming at analyzing the color formation source of the Liang cloth. The results show that the surface of the Liang cloth suffuses with metallic purple, which belongs to the indigo dye chemical color and bright color of fabric structure. This is resulted from the comprehensive effect of the chemical color and structural color of the indigo. The metallic luster is resulted from the thin film reflection and interference, and the purple derives from the micro-structure forms in the making process.

ABSTRACTIn this article, four different plasticizers are blended in thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) to improve its electromechanical actuation performance. The selected plasticizers include dibutyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and an unsaturated polyester PMG. The plasticization effect of various plasticizers on the mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and the electromechanical actuation of PU films is carefully characterized and compared. Results demonstrate that the actuated strain under low electric fields and the electromechanical coupling efficiency of PU can be substantially improved by blending with appropriate type and amount of plasticizers. The oligomer‐type plasticizers, PEG and PMG, act more efficiently in the improvement of actuation. An actuated strain in thickness of 1.54%, 140 times higher than that of pure PU, along with an electromechanical coupling efficiency of 0.60 under a low electric field of 5 V/μm was achieved for the PU plasticized with PMG suggesting an attractive approach toward advanced dielectric elastomer actuators. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45123.

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs), which follow the physics of variable capacitors and harvest electric energy from mechanical work, have attracted intensive attention over the past decade. The lack of ideal dielectric elastomers, after nearly two decades of research, has become the bottleneck for DEGs' practical applications. Here, we fabricated a series of polyurethane-based ternary composites and estimated their potential as DEGs to harvest electric energy for the first time. Thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) with high relative permittivity (∼8) was chosen as the elastic matrix. Barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) plasticizers, which were selected to improve the permittivity and mechanical properties, respectively, were blended into the PU matrix. As compared to pristine PU, the resultant ternary composite films fabricated through a solution casting approach showed enhanced permittivity, remarkably reduced elastic modulus, and relatively good electrical breakdown strength, dielectric loss, and strain at break. Most importantly, the harvested energy density of PU was significantly enhanced when blended with BT and DBP. A composite film containing 25 phr of BT and 60 phr of DBP with the harvested energy density of 1.71 mJ/cm3 was achieved, which is about 4 times greater than that of pure PU and 8 times greater than that of VHB adhesives. Remarkably improved conversion efficiency of mechano-electric energy was also obtained via cofilling BT and DBP into PU. The results shown in this work strongly suggest compositing is a very promising way to provide better dielectric elastomer candidates for forthcoming practical DEGs.

With the label "haze culprit", VOCs have gradually become the hot issue in air pollution control market. As one of the important sources of VOCs, the industrial source has attracted lots of attention. The in?dustrial waste gas emissions standard has been unprecedented harsh so far, which resulted in the anxiety of textile printing and dyeing enterprise under the pressure of facing a major reshuffle in the environmental pro?tection. How to meet the standard of the energy-saving emission reduction and waste gas treatment technol?ogy transformation has become the key of the industry transformation. The situation of industrial VOCs and the current emission and treatment status of VOCs emission and treatment in textile printing and dyeing indus?try in recent years were reviewed, and the prospect of the application of surface plasmonic photocatalyst tech?nology in the treatment of textile printing and dyeing waste gas, as a new technology, was introduced.

The morphological transformation of PP/PMMA/graphene nanocomposites during biaxial stretching leads to anisotropic electrical conductivity.

The effect of selective localization and surface modification of iron (Fe) nanoparticles on the dielectric and magnetic properties of polystyrene/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PS/PVDF) composites with co-continuous structure was systematically studied. The carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as co-filler with fixed content in PVDF phase to increase the dielectric properties. The modified Fe nanoparticles (p-Fe) were successfully prepared by coating the PS on the surface of Fe nanoparticles, which presented a good dispersion in the polymer matrix. The X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of composites show CNT and Fe/p-Fe nanoparticles have the nucleation effect on β phase of PVDF. Meanwhile, the selective localization of Fe nanoparticles in PS phase produce a high dielectric constant (ε) and the effect of selective localization of p-Fe nanoparticles in the ε is stronger than that of Fe nanoparticles and restrains the increase of dielectric loss. The composites with the selective dispersion of 4vol% Fe nanoparticles filled in PS phase have the highest saturation magnetization than the other three. The difference of real part (μ′) of the complex magnetic permeability of the composites can be ignored and the value of μ‘ have low frequency dependence. This work could shed some light on the better optimization of such polymer composites.

纺织印染行业是排放废气及颗粒物的重点工业行业之一,已经受到国内外政府及相关部门的高度重视.通过对国内外相关法律、法规、标准的文献调研与参阅,本文对其污染物控制清单、限值、技术要求等进行了对比,分析了我国标准现存问题并提出了建议,以期为我国相关标准的制订工作提供参考.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have great potential to address the safety issues of lithium (Li)-ion batteries when compared with conventional liquid electrolytes, which makes them a promising alternative for next-generation high-energy batteries. In this work, poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium perchlorate (PEO–LiClO4) polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries were prepared using electrospinning. The crystallinity, ionic conductivity as well as mechanical properties were investigated. Ionic conductivities and mechanical properties of PEO–LiClO4 based SPE have been obviously increased by incorporating modified TiO2 nanofibres (TNFs) than TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs), due to that both TNFs and TNPs can decrease the crystalline phase concentration of PEO and increase segmental flexibility of PEO. The SPE with 3 wt% TNFs exhibits the highest conductivity of 5.308 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 20°C and higher tensile strength of 13.8 MPa. These results highlight the potential of utilising the electrospinning method to improve the ionic conductivity of SPEs.

This paper reports a facile method of fabricating high conductivity and good mechanical properties of ployvinylidene fluoride/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PVDF/MWNTs) nanofibrous composites by an ultrasonication anchoring technique. Microstructures, electrical conductivity, mechanical and thermal properties of the PVDF/MWNTs nanofibrous composites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the MWNTs were uniformly anchored onto the surface and interspace of PVDF nanofibrous composites and the conductive network structures were easily formed. The PVDF/MWNTs nanofibrous composites exhibited excellent conductivity of 10(-2) S m(-1) with 3.91 wt% MWNTs anchored. This work opens a new path to optimize the conductivity of thermoplastic polymer nanocomposites with a wide range of application in the field of electronic and electrical engineering. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

为了制备柔性较好的聚合物基压阻材料,利用熔融共混法制备了炭黑/聚丙烯-聚（苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯）（CB/PP-SEBS）复合材料,并研究了CB含量对CB/PP-SEBS复合材料介电性能和压阻性能的影响。结果表明:随着CB含量的增加,CB/PP-SEBS复合材料的介电常数、介电损耗及电导率均提高;CB/PP-SEBS复合材料发生导电逾渗时,CB的含量为12.2wt%;在CB/PP-SEBS复合材料发生弹性形变时,由于外力破坏了CB的导电网络,复合材料的电阻随着应变的增大而增大;循环压阻测试结果显示,在弹性变形区CB/PP-SEBS复合材料的电阻随着应变呈现周期性变化。研究结果可为制备具有稳定电阻变化的聚合物基压阻材料提供借鉴。

To investigate the influence of the second filler on piezoresistive properties of the composites, silica (SiO2) and carbon black (CB) as the insulating and conductive particles were incorporated into the carbon nanotube (CNT)/silicone rubber (SR) composites. Both SiO2 and CB can serve as “seesaw” to support the CNT, but their effect on the piezoresistivity of CNT/SR composites was remarkably different. Besides, the introduction of SiO2 and CB has a distinct CNT aspect ratio (AR) effect on the piezoresistivity. Lower AR endows higher piezoresistivity in the (SiO2–CNT)/SR composites, but higher AR is more favorable for the (CB–CNT)/SR composites.

In this paper, a simple solvothermal method is developed for the synthesis of Sn doped ZnO layered porous nanocrystal (Sn-ZLPC). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the detailed structures and surface/near-surface chemical composition of the as-prepared products. Sn doping is found to be the key factor controlling the layered porous structure. The possible growth mechanism of Sn-ZLPC is also discussed. As the stability of target gas increases, the optimal operating temperature shifts from 300 degrees C to 500 degrees C and the highest response shifts to the sample with high atomic ratio of Sn. The later shift is attributed to the alternate key influence of the activation energy and adsorption/desorption of oxygen ions. 5.0 at% Sn-ZLPC exhibits the best sensing properties to VOCs due to the combined effect of low activation energy, adsorption/desorption of oxygen ions and the mesoporous hierarchical structure. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The fabrication and dielectric properties of a novel multi-component high-k composite system consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride), surface-functionalized graphene nanosheets and BT nanoparticles (fRGO-BT/PVDF) were investigated. The fRGO nanosheets were prepared through the pi-pi stacking of polyaniline and GO following in situ hydrazine reduction. The fRGO-BT/PVDF nanocomposites were fabricated by a solution casting and hot-pressing approach. SEM results confirm that fRGO and BT are well dispersed within the PVDF matrix. The dielectric properties of the binary fRGO/PVDF nanocomposites exhibit a typical percolation transition with the percolation threshold of 1.49 vol%. This type of nanocomposite, co-filled with conductive graphene nanosheets and high-k ceramics, shows a high k(r) (65) and a relatively low dielectric loss (tan delta = 0.35) at a high frequency of 1 MHz. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties of the fRGO-BT/PVDF nanocomposites show temperature independent behavior over a wide temperature range. These flexible, high-k fRGO-BT/PVDF nanocomposites are potential flexible dielectric materials for use in high-frequency capacitors and electronic devices.

1Department of Elements, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 3Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 4State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Electrically percolative composites of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) filled with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon black (CB) and (CNT–CB) hybrid fillers were fabricated by melt blending. The effects of filler type and composition on the electrical properties of the percolative TPE composites were studied. Percolation threshold for CB-, CNT- and (CNT–CB)-based composites was found to be 0.06, 0.07 and 0.07 volume fraction respectively. Compared to CB-based composites and earlier reported results, CNT- and (CNT–CB)-based ones revealed an unexpectedly high percolation threshold, which otherwise considered an unwelcome phenomenon, lead to distinct and rare percolation characteristics of CNT filled percolative composites like per-percolation conductivity and a relatively steep percolation curves. CB-based composites showed a comparatively sharp insulator–conductor transition curve complementing the percolation characteristics CNT- and (CNT–CB)-based composites. Percolation threshold conductivity of the fillers was in the order of CB>CNT>(CNT–CB), while maximum attained conductivities followed the order of CNT>(CNT–CB)>CB. Conductivity order of fillers not only denied much reported synergic effect in (CNT–CB) filler but also highlighted the effect of percolation characteristics on the outcome of conductivity values. Results obtained were of theoretical as well as practical importance and were explained in the context of filler morphology and different dispersion characteristics of the carbon based fillers.

In this paper the polypropylene (PP) fiber was modified in various plasma sources for the purpose of dyeing improvement, like Ar, nitrogen (N-2) and NH3 as well as polyacrylic acid plasmas. The plasma treated fiber was then characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to study the surface morphology. The dyeing ratio was derived from ultraviolet-visible spectroscope (UV-visible) measurement. It was found that the dying property of the fiber was dependent on plasma environment and the discharge conditions. The investigation indicates that reactive groups, such as carbonyl group, amine group and amide group grafted on fiber surface play a crucial role on fiber dying: the more the concentration of active groups on surface, the higher the ratio of the fiber dyed. It is noticed that plasma etching also affected fiber dying as revealed from SEM images.