基于生产实践,针对钢结硬质合金生产过程中的金属挥发问题进行研究,明确了TM52钢结硬质合金真空烧结过程中Mn为主要挥发元素,指出Mn元素大量流失是造成产品脱碳、异常断裂等的原因之一.对减少Mn元素的挥发提出了适合生产实践的解决方案,通过降低烧结温度、缩短保温时间,降低锰元素熔点附近的升温速度,降低最高烧结温度时的真空度等减少Mn元素挥发.

提高重大科技项目管理水平是企业创新驱动发展的重要课题.本文分析了企业重大科技项目功能定位与特征,结合企业基本属性,提出了以"创新需求评估、创新起点评估、创新路线评估"为主要内容的企业重大科技项目立项策略;设计了以"四会、三链、两总、一办"为核心实施载体的企业重大科技项目组织管理体系;阐述了"全流程管理、资源共享与协同攻关、知识传承、正向设计研发、风险管理与绩效管理"等管理理念及其内涵;就如何依靠知识产权管理辅助项目策划、巩固项目成果、提升成果价值做了专题论述.

Hydrotalcite applied in mechanical friction system exhibits good friction and wear resistance. Friction performance of hydrotalcite as lubrication oil (grease) additive and its influence factors were summarized systematically in this paper. The mechanism and regulation of preparation methods, cation radius, the ratio of divalent and trivalent cations, the type of inorganic anions between layers, the intercalation of organic anions, crystallinity on the friction reduction and antiwear properties were analyzed comparatively. The basic principle and control directions of the structural composition design of hydrotalcite lubrication materials were clarified. Based on the research status, it was suggested that the industrial test verification of hydrotalcite, the evaluation of the influence of hydrotalcite on the quality of lubricating oil (grease), and the basic research about the interaction between hydrotalcite and the friction surface should be strengthened.

将凹凸棒石与硅灰石以不同配比添加到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中,通过机械混合、冷压烧结的方式制成PTFE/凹凸棒石/硅灰石复合材料.采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、同步热分析、邵氏硬度计、环块摩擦磨损试验机、光学显微镜、3D表面轮廓仪对复合材料的理化性能和摩擦学性能进行表征.结果表明,凹凸棒石与硅灰石的引入使得复合材料的结晶度和玻璃转化温度降低,硬度增加,同时磨损率显著降低,其中添加质量分数10％凹凸棒石与30％硅灰石的PTFE的复合材料的磨损率仅为4.1×10–6 mm3/(N·m),较纯PTFE的磨损率降低了97.9％,减磨效果最好.研究表明,凹凸棒石与硅灰石的引入有助于在金属摩擦副表面形成转移膜,有效改善了对偶摩擦副的界面特征以及摩擦自适应性,是降低磨损率的主要原因.

Antigorite is a Mg-rich 1:1 trioctahedral-structured layered silicate mineral. In recent decades, many studies have been devoted to investigating the tribological performance and application of antigorite as lubrication materials. This article provides an overview of the mineralogy, thermal decomposition and surface modifications of antigorite powders, as well as the recent advancement that has been achieved in using antigorite to reduce friction and wear of friction pairs. The tribological performance of antigorite powders and its calcined product in different lubricating media, such as oil, grease and solid composites have been comprehensively reviewed. The physico-chemical characteristics of surface layers of the friction pairs are discussed. Applications and mechanisms of lubricity and anti-wear of antigorite are highlighted.

第八届VDZ国际水泥大会于2018年9月在德国杜塞尔多夫成功举行.VDZ(德国水泥协会)国际水泥大会始于1971年,作为水泥技术领域顶级的国际会议,每年都会吸引国际水泥行业众多科学家和工程师参加.本次会议共有全球水泥生产企业、装备供应商、科研院所等600余人参加,集中讨论水泥生产的最新技术和行业发展面临的共性问题.

低热硅酸盐水泥具有低热、后期强度高、抗侵蚀和耐磨性能好、干缩小等优势,尤其适用于抗裂要求等级高的大体积混凝土工程.稳定硅酸二钙高温晶型或活化硅酸二钙矿物,可以提高低热硅酸盐水泥的早期强度,进而促进其在常规建筑工程(非大体积混凝土工程)的推广应用.工业生产中,可以化学掺杂方法和快速冷却方法兼施,一方面,利用含有微量金属元素的废渣或尾矿作为原材料进行配料,另一方面,适当提高熟料冷却速率,共同稳定硅酸二钙高温晶型到室温.

现行GB 200-2003《中热硅酸盐水泥、低热硅酸盐水泥和低热矿渣硅酸盐水泥》标准自2004年4月1日实施以来已经14年.该标准在指导中、低热水泥的生产、规范产品的质量控制、保障产品的性能稳定等方面起到了积极的作用.但也存在一些问题.最新修订后的GB/T 200-2017已经发布,并将于2018年11月1正式实施.本文针对此次标准修订的内容进行了详细阐述,以期帮助中、低热水泥相关生产企业和用户掌握GB/T 200修订的意义和内涵.

中低热水泥在保障国家大型水电工程建设和运行方面发挥了重要作用.本文从混合材种类和掺量、化学成分和矿物组成评价基准、化学组成指标和物性指标方面,对比了美国、日本、欧洲和我国现行中低热水泥标准相关内容,并分析了我国国家标准中相关内容的优势和不足,为下一步我国国家标准的修订提供参考.

The influences of serpentine particle size, powder dispersion stability in lubrication oil, heat treatment, rare earth element La compounds and application process on antifriction repair performance of serpentine were investigated. The regulation direction of enhancing the tribology property of serpentine was proposed. The characteristics and formation process of antifriction repair layer of iron-based friction pairs in surface morphology, chemical composition, crystalline phase structure and mechanical properties were analyzed. The action mechanism of antifriction repair function of serpentine to iron-based friction pairs was investigated. In addition, some key problems unsolved in this field and the future research directions were also given.

The surface groups and bond strength,origin of surface acidity and the point of zero charge of three kinds of minerals (i.e.,kaolinite,talc and serpentine) were analyzed.The surface phenomena of serpentine,such as ion adsorption property,organic adsorption behavior,interaction behavior with iron based friction pairs,and wettability were investiaged.The relationships among various phenomena and structural composition were discussed.The review presented some research aspects on the surface properties of layered silicate minerals like serpentine.

党的十八大以来,创新驱动发展战略在神州大地落地生根,引领中国经济不断向前.十八届五中全会提出的"创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享"的五大发展理念.创新发展居于首要位置,是引领发展的第一动力.十八大以后中央针对创新驱动发展战略颁布一系列重要文件,其中,《中共中央国务院关于深化体制机制改革加快实施创新驱动发展战略的若干意见》强调要强化科技同经济对接、创新成果同产业对接、创新项目同现实生产力对接、研发人员创新劳动同其利益收入对接.《深化科技体制改革实施方案》,明确"到2020年,在科技体制改革的重要领域和关键环节取得突破性成果",提出了在改革人才培养、评价、激励方面,实行科技人员分类评价,建立以能力和贡献为导向的评价和激励机制.《国家创新驱动发展战略纲要》,提出要强化激励,坚持创新驱动实质是人才驱动.创新归根到底是人才创新,人才是支撑创新发展的第一资源.实施股权激励、实行成果转化奖励、破除人才流动制度障碍……十八大以来,一系列改革指向激发科研人员的创新热情,努力形成人人崇尚创新、人人渴望创新、人人皆可创新的良好环境.充分调动和激发人的积极性和创造性是人才驱动的关键,也是实施创新驱动的根本前提.

Recent developments on the applications of coal gangue used in making hot sintered materials,manufacturing coagulating and absorbent materials,producing metallurgical addition agent,extracting Al2O3 and SiO2 from gangue,and preparing gangue/polymer materials were reviewed.Some aspects for the future study in this field were discussed.The complicate composition of gangue can affect the application of gangue in a commercial scale.The technical practicability,economics rationality and environment benefit can be comprehensively estimated to favor the utilization of gangue.

Nanocrystalline NiFe_2O_4 powders were synthesized by citrate. Nitrate Sol-Gel auto combustion method at room temperature. Various xerogels were obtained by adding different amounts of ammonia into precursor solution. The corresponding auto combustion powders were prepared through subsequent auto com-bustion process. The variation regularity of crystallinity of auto combustion powders, properties and thermal decomposition process of xerogel were investigated by XRD, TEM, IR and TG-DTA techniques. The mecha-nism of auto combustion method was further studied. The results indicate that auto combustion powders are mainly composed of NiFe_2O_4 phase with small amout impurity phase of α-Fe_2O_3 and FeNi_3. The crystallinity of auto combustion powders are enhanced with increasing the amount of ammonia. The xerogel contains amor-phous phase and NH_4NO_3 crystallization phase. The amount of ammonia exerts appreciable effects on the quantity of NH_4NO_3 and properties of xerogel. The mechanism of auto combustion is a chain reaction which is formed by mutual promotion of NH_4NO_3 decomposition and citric acid combustion.

Nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 powders were synthesized by citrate. Nitrate Sol-Gel auto combustion method at room temperature. Various xerogels were obtained by adding different amounts of ammonia into precursor solution. The corresponding auto combustion powders were prepared through subsequent auto combustion process. The variation regularity of crystallinity of auto combustion powders, properties and thermal decomposition process of xerogel were investigated by XRD, TEM, IR and TG-DTA techniques. The mechanism of auto combustion method was further studied. The results indicate that auto combustion powders are mainly composed of NiFe2O4 phase with small amout impurity phase of alpha-Fe2O3 and FeNi3. The crystallinity of auto combustion powders are enhanced with increasing the amount of ammonia. The xerogel contains amorphous phase and NH4NO3 crystallization phase. The amount of ammonia exerts appreciable effects on the quantity of NH4NO3 and properties of xerogel. The mechanism of auto combustion is a chain reaction which is formed by mutual promotion of NH4NO3 decomposition and citric acid combustion.

Nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 powders were synthesized by citric acid sol-gel auto-combustion method.The phase variation regularity of auto-combustion powders through heat treatment at different temperature was analyzed by using XRD technique.Auto-combustion powder and heat treatment samples were characterized by SEM,TEM,and IR techniques.Furthermore,electromagnetic parameters and loss properties of both within 2-18GHz were studied comparatively.The results indicate that auto-combustion powders are mainly composed of NiFe2O4 with a little FeNi3 and α-Fe2O3.With increasing of heat treatment temperature,Impurity phases successively disappear at 600℃ and 950℃.Heat treatment can effectively impel crystal boundary migration,and results in crystal growth.Compared with heat treatment powder,auto-combustion powders possess FeNi3 phase、distorted crystal structure and complex interface condition,which results in its special IR spectra and the superior electromagnetic loss.