为了研究高分遥感影像的内陆网箱养殖区自动快速提取,利用福建省北部内陆水域的GF-1影像和GF-2影像,并对影像中的网箱养殖区进行人工标注,经过旋转、缩放和镜像翻转等数据增强处理后构建了 2种影像的内陆网箱养殖区样本库;利用样本库训练内陆网箱养殖区提取的深度学习全卷积网络(fully convolutional networks,FCN)模型并开展精度验证.结果显示,GF-1影像提取结果的F值达到83.37％,GF-2影像提取结果的F值达到92.56％.表明基于FCN的高分影像内陆网箱养殖区提取具有较高的精度,能够进行大规模内陆网箱养殖区提取应用,为内陆水产养殖区的监测提供重要依据.

本文以太平洋为研究区域,选取平均偏差、绝对偏差、标准偏差和相关系数4个误差统计指标,开展2002年7月至2009年12月MODIS SST与AVHRR SST两种SST产品的一致性分析.结果表明:(1)两种SST产品的差异在时空上分布不均匀,距平前,一致性较好的区域均分布在偏差条带(10°N附近)的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,且二者偏差长时间稳定在±0.4℃以内;(2)在南美洲中西部海域以及马来群岛附近海域,两种SST产品差异具有明显的季节性规律,并且在马来群岛附近海域,两种传感器存在一定程度的原理机制区别;(3)在南半球中纬度太平洋中部海域和北半球中纬度太平洋中部海域,季节性因素并不是造成两种SST产品差异的主要原因;(4)距平后,其中一致性较好的区域主要分布在偏差条带(10° N附近)的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,其他区域在距平后的差异更接近同一水平;(5)两种SST数据产品中,夜间降轨(Night)产品之间的差异大于白天升轨(Day),距平后,这种差异大大缩小.

叶绿素α(chlorophyll-α)是一个关键的水色要素,掌握叶绿素α的含量及变化情况对保护水体及维护生态环境质量具有重要意义.针对国内外相关科研机构生产的海洋叶绿素α融合产品存在精度低、覆盖率低、时间跨度短等问题,收集整理了1998—2017年的MODIS-Aqua、MODIS-Terra、MERIS、SeaWIFS、VIIRS共5个传感器的叶绿素α浓度数据,构建了小波变换与Kalman滤波技术相结合的多源遥感数据融合算法,完成了全球叶绿素α数据的融合,开展了融合产品的均值、方差和信息量的分析,并进行了融合产品与实测数据、欧空局(European Space Agency,ESA)的GSM(Garver-Siegel-Maritorena)产品的对比分析.结果显示,本文的融合产品与实测数据相关性达到60％;与实测值和欧空局的GSM产品对比分析中,融合产品的数据可利用率为60％,而欧空局的GSM产品的数据可利用率为30％左右,融合产品与实测值的相关性为0.7922,而GSM与实测值的相关性为0.3494,均低于本文的融合产品.

在高时空分辨率的降雨数据支持下,分析和追踪暴雨事件的精细结构和动态行为成为可能,但存在数据量大、数据组织结构复杂的特点,对暴雨事件的时空组织与存储提出了巨大挑战.本文基于暴雨事件的演化过程,设计了一种“顶点-边界”的图结构表达模型,并构建基于Neo4j的图数据库,实现暴雨事件的组织与存储.图数据结构中的顶点描述暴雨事件对象,记录暴雨事件空间位置、降雨数据等状态信息;图有向边对暴雨顶点进行关联,记录暴雨状态之间的关系、变化速度、方向等动态信息.最后,综合时间序列模型和空间拓扑关系,设计基于图的暴雨事件组织模型,基于Neo4j图存储方式R-Tree空间索引存储暴雨矢量数据集,并构建暴雨事件库.基于Neo4j和Oracle Spatial的暴雨事件库的对比分析结果表明,Neo4j事件库在数据入库和时空查询性能方面具有优势.

大河三角洲区域是我国重要的经济区域和人口密集区域,经济的快速发展与人口的大量集聚严重影响着大河三角洲的生态环境.为保证社会经济与生态环境的和谐发展,首先构建了包含人类活动和自然因素的大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价指标体系,设计了评价指标量化方法;然后对比分析了模式识别方法与层次分析法在黄河三角洲环境脆弱性评价的应用效果,确定了以层次分析法作为大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价模型;最后基于RS技术与GIS软件平台实现了大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价与空间分布格局分析.结果 表明:黄河三角洲环境脆弱性各等级类型的分布面积差别不大,其环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自东北沿海向西南陆地逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受自然因素的影响与制约;长江三角洲环境脆弱性主要表现为轻度脆弱(39.46％)和极度脆弱(26.46％),环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自长江沿岸向两侧逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受人类活动的影响与制约;珠江三角洲环境脆弱性主要表现为重度脆弱(38.98％)和极度脆弱(30.89％),环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自珠江沿岸向两侧逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受人类活动和植被的影响与制约;统一等级分级标准后发现长江三角洲环境脆弱性最严重,黄河三角洲环境脆弱性最低,珠江三角洲环境脆弱性居中,故大河三角洲环境脆弱性主要受人类活动和植被的影响和制约.

Effective evaluations of hydrocarbon potential contribute to delineating promising target areas for further exploration. Sparse available data and known hydrocarbon reservoirs in frontier areas present considerable challenges to the weighting of geological factors when evaluating hydrocarbon potential. This study proposes a hydrocarbon potential mapping method that employs grey relational analysis (GRA) based on a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP). GRA is a comprehensive evaluation method that represents the hydrocarbon favourability according to the proximity between evaluation targets and the ideal target based on multiple evaluation factors and weights among them. To overcome the uncertainty and vagueness in the weighting procedure, the fuzzy AHP technique relies on experts' knowledge to define the relative importance of evaluation factors and exploits triangular fuzzy numbers to simulate experts' judgements in pairwise comparisons. The fuzzy AHP-based GRA method was tested using an example in the Laoshan Uplift in the South Yellow Basin of China. This test application not only quantified the favourability of local traps but also revealed their spatial variations on favourability maps and indicated potential targets for further exploration. The results obtained by the fuzzy AHP-based GRA method were more reliable than that of entropy weight-based GRA and displayed a suitable consistency with known geological information, thus demonstrating that such a procedure could reveal the potential spatial features of hydrocarbon accumulations and support the evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in relatively unknown areas.

The Yellow River Delta coast is located in the efficient eco-economic zone of Yellow River Delta and the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula. The ecology and environment of Yellow River Delta coast is fragile because of being affected by both natural and human activities. The evaluation of the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coastal zone can provide some scientific basis for the sustainable development of ecology, environment and disaster mitigation in this area. This study constructed the environmental vulnerability index system which included natural inherent vulnerability factors and the human special vulnerability factors, and proposed quantitative method of the vulnerability evaluation index which included national standard, expert evaluation and observation data evaluation. The environmental vulnerability evaluation and the analysis of spatial distribution pattern were based on GIS software platform, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine evaluation factor weights, the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to determine evaluation model, and the cause of vulnerability were analyzed. The results showed that the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coast presented as follow: seriously vulnerable and extreme vulnerable accounted for 41.2%, moderately vulnerable accounted for 19.7%, slight vulnerable and lightly vulnerable accounted for 39.1%. It could be concluded from the spatial distribution patterns of the environmental vulnerability of Yellow River Delta coast that the land area was stronger and the marine area was weaker because of the influence of human activities. Due to the constrains of the vegetation, reclamation and other factors, there was a worse trend of vulnerability from land to shoreline, the part of land was seriously vulnerable and the coastal zone was extreme vulnerable. The most part of the ocean was slight vulnerable and lightly vulnerable, but the Yellow River estuary was moderately vulnerable because of seawater intrusion and coastal erosion. In order to maintain the sustainable development of the environment of Yellow River Delta coastal zone, we should fully protect the inherent natural factors and reduce the environmental damage caused by human activities.

为了加强学生对GIS原理课程中理论知识及算法原理的理解，将组件技术引入到实验教学，编程实现GIS常用功能并预留开发接口，形成与理论知识紧密度较高的适宜性实验教学软件，引导学生基于扩展接口编程实现算法原理。实践表明，基于组件技术的GIS原理实验教学不仅能够使学生深入理解并掌握理论知识，而且能培养学生的实践能力和创新意识。

Gas hydrate,a future energy with huge potential in the 21st century,it has got attention from governments and scientific research departments as the energy crisis becomes a serious issue.Currently,there are various methods to survey and explore gas hydrate in marine area,not only the indeterminacy of geologic parameters differ greatly with different exploring methods,the methods for analyzing, predicating and evaluating gas hydrate are also relatively complicated.However,the data mining techniques have distinct advantages in the fields of data analysis,predication and evaluation,and it has been applied to the petroleum and mine exploration and other geosciences field for a long time with high reliability,reducing the exploration costs greatly.Therefore,in this paper,the data mining method for gas hydrate is researched by analyzing the businesses and datum of gas hydrate exploration while the data mining service components for gas hydrate are designed and implemented based on IBM SPSS Modeler,which provide good basement for studying intelligent-decision products for data-mining in the gas hydrate fields.Besides,the study also accumulate technologies for constructing marine geologic database and applying datum,thus being useful for gas hydrate exploration,development and comprehensive evaluation.

We established a BP neural network based seawater intrusion degree evaluation model,which included 8 cryptic-layer nodes and 3 layers. We trained and tested the neural network with the rank assessment criteria of seawater intrusion degree assessment index as the training and test samples. We further evaluated seawater intrusion degree for Yellow River Mouth. Results show that the simulation result of BP neural network is consistent with the expected result. Seawater intrusion degree at Yellow River Mouth is more serious.

The visualization in a single view of abnormal association patterns obtained from mining lengthy marine raster datasets presents a great challenge for traditional visualization techniques. On the basis of the representation model of marine abnormal association patterns, an interactive visualization framework is designed with three complementary components: three-dimensional pie charts, two-dimensional variation maps, and triple-layer mosaics; the details of their implementation steps are given. The combination of the three components allows users to request visualization of the association patterns from global to detailed scales. The three-dimensional pie chart component visualizes the locations where more marine environmental parameters are interrelated and shows the parameters that are involved. The two-dimensional variation map component gives the spatial distribution of interactions between each marine environmental parameter and other parameters. The triple-layer mosaics component displays the detailed association patterns at locations specified by the users. Finally, the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed visualization framework are demonstrated using a prototype system with three visualization interfaces based on ArcEngine 10.0, and the abnormal association patterns among marine environmental parameters in the Pacific Ocean are visualized. (C) The Authors.

Traditional database was mainly used for the organization and management of data, and the ultimate goal of information technology was the business application of the data. However, the traditional business analysis has many deficiencies. In order to solve the lack of the traditional database and the traditional business analysis, this study adopt from global to local and from macro to micro research methods. This study design and build the architecture of an application model based on the business and the flow of implementation technology. Business model built according to the idea of division of the business domain-division of business-division of business process-division of business activities-structural description of business activities. Logical model of Object-Oriented built according to the building of business model-the analysis of business activities-the abstract of business-the integration of model. According to the application model, the defect of the traditional database and the traditional business analysis can be solved, and data can be applied by Object-Oriented data model.

黄河三角洲已成为严重的脆弱地区,为了对黄河三角洲地区减灾防灾和可持续发展提供一定的科学依据,笔者构建了黄河三角洲固有脆弱性和特有脆弱性的评价指标体系,建立了脆弱性评价指标量化方法,采用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,基于GIS软件平台对黄河三角洲区域进行了固有脆弱性和特有脆弱性评价与分析.黄河三角洲固有脆弱性主要表现为微度脆弱(51.52％)和中度脆弱(26.13％),微度脆弱主要分布于海洋部分和内陆区域,而中度脆弱主要分布于靠近沿海地区.特有脆弱性主要表现为微度脆弱(44.01％)和轻度脆弱(23.95％),微度脆弱主要分布于海洋部分,轻度脆弱主要分布于沿海地区.

In order to provide the scientific basis for disaster mitigation of the Yellow River Delta,this study constructed the environmental vulnerability index system of the Yellow River Delta,and proposed a quantitative method of the vulnerability assessment evaluation index.The environmental vulnerability evaluation and the analysis of spatial distribution pattern were based on GIS software platform.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to determine evaluation factor weightings.And the cause of vulnerability were analyzed.The results showed that the light environmental vulnerability accounted for 42.7%,the moderate 21% and the serious 24.9%.The spatial distribution patterns were hereby obtained.The marine area was weaker while the terrestrial land area was stronger.Most marine area was lightly vulnerable.The marine area in the north of Hekou district was slightly vulnerable.The vulnerability in the terrestrial area had a decreasing trend from coast to inland.The coastal zone was extremely vulnerable.The coastal area was seriously vulnerable.The riparian area of the Yellow River and inland were moderately vulnerable.

The environment of the Yellow River Delta is becoming more and more bad.In order to assess the vulnerability of the Yellow River Delta,this paper designs the vulnerability assessment system.It builds the assessment index system of the Yellow River Delta,establishes the vulnerability assessment index quantification system based on the expert integration method,and processes the collected data,and adopts analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of assessment indexes.The assessment system of the Yellow River Delta is implemented with the language of C# and ArcEngine component.This system runs under the environment of VS2005.Analysis results show that this system is favor of management of the data,and benefits to query and analysis of the information for the administrator quickly and accurately.

The study explores the importance of the management after the construction of the rural water supply plants,analyzes the reasons for the bad operation of the water supply plant,and points out the factual measures to solve some problems,such as the gathering of water fees and the chaotic management,so as to improve the management system of the water supply plants in rural areas,and to construct the better operation system for these water supply plants.

The study researches the identification of the pipe diameter in the rural drinking water safety,provides the calculation formula for the pipe diameter,analyzes and compares the two schemes by combining the factual project,and has the comprehensive consideration for the water plants and the regional features,and identifies the optimal scheme.

This paper used ArcScene and ArcGlobe to organize the three-dimensional scene data,chose ArcGIS Engine as the developing platform,Visual Studio 2005 as integrated environment and C# as the programming language to develop the Yellow River estuary 3D GIS.The the Yellow River estuary 3D GIS included six modules: scene configuration,layers management,three-dimensional query,dynamic simulation,flight roaming and bookmarks management.The system realized the estuary area's three-dimensional terrain scene and data's visualization and query.It could be a useful tool for the management of the historical data of coastline,isobath and section.And finally it completed the dynamic simulation of the riverway's fluvial process and coastline's changing.

Based on.NET platform and the technology of ArcGIS Server,the Yellow River estuary Web Geographical Information System is consisted of the presentation layer,web server layer,the business layer and the data layer.The system included six modules that of based query,the engineering query,the hydrological query,the watercourse query and analysis,the estuary query and analysis and the ecological query.The paper discussed the key technologies of the Yellow River estuary Web Geographical Information System,which includes local refresh,shared pool,map cache and the component of graphic.The system implemented the browser and query of information,the contradistinction and analysis of information.

Based on 1 to 3 degree derivatives of load parameter and state variables obtained by Taylor's series expansion under base network topology,this paper proposes a reliable method to calculate the critical point of static voltage stability under branch outage contingency.The feasibility and efficiency of this technique was tested on IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus system.