Near-infrared (NIR) reflective pigments are crucial for mitigating the urban heat island effect. However, most of the conventional pigments are heavy metal-doped, lack color tunability and possess low NIR reflectance, which limits the utilization of conventional pigments in coatings, paints and decorations. Therefore, the research and development of non-toxic, color-tunable ‘cool’ pigments is urgently needed. In this study, a series of LiMgBO3:Fe3+ ‘cool’ pigments were developed using solid-state reaction. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all the LiMg1-xFexBO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1) pigments could be attributed to single phase. Rietveld refinement confirmed that LiMg0.97Fe0.03BO3 possesses a monoclinic structure with the space group of C12/c1(15). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical particles possess an average diameter of around 4 μm. Ultraviolet–Visible–Near-Infrared (UV–vis-NIR) spectroscopy results show that increasing the Fe3+ doping concentration enhances absorption in the blue-violet region, resulting in a chromatic transition from white (b⁎ = 0.77, a⁎ = −0.27) to yellow (b⁎ = 17.36, a⁎ = 1.2), followed by orange (b⁎ = 32.15, a⁎ = 18.32). The solar reflectance in the NIR region of the pigment sample both exceeded 79.32%, highest value reaches 93.11%. The pigment powder good chemical stabilities in water, alkalis and high temperature environments. The pigment powder's color difference (∆Eab∗) least value is 1.06. Finally, infrared irradiation experiments on coatings colored with the as-prepared samples and their surfaces demonstrated lower temperatures than commercial color coatings used for thermal insulation applications, with the ΔT = 1.3 ± 0.5 °C. The results indicate that the reported LiMgBO3:Fe3+ pigments exhibit remarkable NIR reflectance and excellent potential for color adjusting, verifying that this material is a high-performance eco-friendly pigment.

Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) are promising color-tunable emitters for luminescent thermometry, but their practical use is often restricted by poor processability and limited chemical durability. Herein, amino-functionalized Ln-MOFs were converted into free-standing Ln-MOF/polymer membranes through methacrylate grafting followed by photoinduced copolymerization with butyl methacrylate. The resulting membranes retain the crystalline frameworks and characteristic lanthanide emissions of the parent MOFs while gaining improved flexibility, macroscopic operability, and environmental robustness. The nominal Eu0.001Tb0.999 Eu/Tb-based membrane, with an ICP-MS-determined Eu/Tb ratio of 0.010:0.990, exhibits dual emission and a distinct thermochromic shift from green to orange, enabling self-referenced ratiometric thermometry with the highest relative sensitivity of 3.91% K- 1 within the reliable calibration range of 107-227 K. The Eu-based membrane shows single-emissive thermometric behavior with the highest sensitivity of 5.22% K- 1 within the reliable calibration range of 107-267 K. Time-resolved luminescence indicates enhanced apparent Tb3+-> Eu3+ energy transfer after membrane integration. Moreover, the Eu/Tb-based membrane retains framework integrity and recognizable dual-emission characteristics after exposure to aqueous solutions over a pH range of 1-14, although pH-dependent changes in the Tb3+/Eu3+ intensity ratio require separate calibration. This work establishes covalent Ln-MOF/polymer integration as an effective route to processable, thermochromic, and chemically robust luminescent membranes for optical thermometry under chemically demanding conditions.

Coordination polymers have attracted worldwide attention due to their unique luminescence properties. Coordination polymers of metallic lead are relatively minor among the wide variety of metal coordination polymer. Due to the special coordination ability of lead ions, it is necessary to develop more coordination polymers of metallic lead and study their performance. A new two-dimensional Pb(II) luminescent coordination polymer, [Pb (4-methoxyisophthalic acid)(H2O)], was synthesized by solvothermal method. Its crystal structure was characterized, and its thermal stability and fluorescence properties were determined. X-ray single crystal diffraction and powder diffraction were used to characterize the structure, and the result shows that the Pb(II) coordination polymer belonges to the monoclinic crystal system, the P21/c space group, and the molecular formula is C9H10O6Pb. Each lead ion coordinates with a double-tooth coordinated carboxylic acid on two ligands and a single-tooth coordinated carboxylic acid on two ligands, as well as one water molecule, to form a stable structure with seven coordinations. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that it has good thermal stability below 258 degrees C. Solid-state fluorescence detection showed that it had excellent fluorescence luminescence performance and fluorescence lifetime, and emitted jade-green fluorescence under 365 nm ultraviolet lamp.

Long afterglow materials are advantageous over bioimaging materials because they do not require real-time excitation, thereby avoiding interference from tissue autofluorescence. However, traditional long afterglow materials have only served as imaging carriers with a single luminous function, which greatly restricts their applications. In this study, we innovatively incorporated physiologically active Se into long afterglow materials and synthesized Se-based long afterglow nanomaterials (Zn3Ga2−4/3xGe1−xSe2xO8, ZGSO) with inherent selective tumor inhibition properties. Nd3+-doping can effectively extend the afterglow, matching the Se-based long afterglow materials. It is worth mentioning that ZGSO:Cr/Nd even promotes the proliferation of normal cells. Exploiting the bimodal effect of Se in both normal and tumor cells, we combines it with the ferroptosis activator RSL3 to achieve a synergistic effect. The final composite is about 100 nm. Biological experiments reveal that this composite exhibits a highly specific response and significant inhibitory effect on in situ ocular tumors in mice, with minimal inflammatory response in normal ocular tissues during a 2-week therapeutic process. Overall, this approach demonstrates the significant research value of rare-earth ion doped multifunctional long afterglow carriers.

Near-infrared long afterglow nanomaterials offer a high-sensitivity and high-signal-to-noise ratio imaging effect due to their ability to penetrate strongly and zero tissue background fluorescence. These features enable them to have excellent application potential in the biological field. This study designs a PDT/PTT synergistic targeted treatment nanoplatform, ZPPZF (ZZGGCB-PANI-PEG-ZnPc-FA), for precise tumour treatment. The long-remaining-illumination material, Zn1.5Zr0.5Ga3.2Ge0.6O8:0.1%Cr,0.2%Bi, is coated with PANI on the surface and further modified with PEG, ZnPc and FA. The residual luminescence of the long-remaining-illumination material is utilized for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and to activate the photosensitizer and PANI to achieve the complementary therapeutic effect of PTT and PDT. The in vivo and in vitro treatment results show that the material can significantly inhibit tumour cells. The inhibition rate of tumour cells reaches 85% two weeks after injection of ZPPZF, and it has satisfactory biological safety with no tissue damage or inflammatory response. At the same time, in vivo near-infrared imaging facilitated monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and informed treatment planning. Overall, ZPPZF nanoparticles provide a new reference scheme for PTT and PDT synergistic treatment.

Lanthanide ions (such as Eu3+ and Tb3+) possess unique photophysical properties, including sharp line-like emission, large Stokes shifts and long luminescence lifetimes, making them indispensable in fields such as luminescent sensing, bioimaging and advanced display technologies. However, in traditional lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs), the variable coordination modes arising from the f-orbitals of lanthanide elements introduce uncertainty in the precise construction of structures; furthermore, the relatively high cost of lanthanide elements imposes certain limitations on synthesis. To address these challenges, this study proposes an “host-guest platform” alternative strategy: synthesising the coordination polymer L1-Ba, which utilises low-cost barium (Ba2+) as the node and cis-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (cis-1,3-CHDA) as the bridging ligand; by adsorbing Eu3+ and Tb3+, this polymer “activates” intense characteristic lanthanide luminescence. By designing an Eu/Tb doping-adsorption system (L1-Ba/Eu0.17Tb0.83), this study achieved continuous tunability of the emission colour and observed energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+, laying a core theoretical foundation for the development of ratio-type luminescent sensors. This work provides a highly promising universal platform for addressing the challenges of cost and controllability in lanthanide materials, and opens up new avenues for the modular design of multifunctional luminescent materials.

WLED is characterized by high efficiency, extended service life, and eco-friendliness, making it well-suited for various applications including street lighting and plant growth lighting. Most commercially available WLED rely on a configuration where blue LED chips are paired with Y3Al5O,2: Ce3+ yellow phosphor. A key limitation of this architecture is the low Ra and poor thermal stability, so it is necessary to develop phosphors with high quantum efficiency, good thermal stability and high color rendering index. Here, we present a novel ultra-broadband yellow-emitting material, CaLu2MgAl2Si2O12:Ce3+, a fluorescent powder with garnet structure was successfully synthesized through a high-temperature solid-state method. The XRD refinement indicates that the prepared sample with a garnet structure and its space group is Ia3d. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the CaLu2M-gAl2Si2O12: 3% Ce3+ sample demonstrate the determined Eg value of the prepared compounds is around 3.273 eV, and it indicates that this sample has a suitable band gap, making it fitting for blue light excitation. The sample CaLu2MgAl2Si2O12:3% Ce3+ exhibited a peak emission at 546 nm under blue light excitation at a wavelength of 450 nm. It shows yellow luminescence and its internal quantum efficiency was 83.02%. The emission intensity of the CaLu2MgAl2Si2O12:3%Ce3+ maintaining about 98% of the initial level at 150 degrees C, the proof shows that the as-synthesized sample exhibits excellent thermal stability. Lastly, the synthesized CaL-u2MgAl2Si2O,2:3% Ce3+ yellow-emitting phosphor was applied as a coating onto a 460 nm blue LED chip, yielding white light with an excellent color rendering index (Ra = 82) and correlated color temperature of 5326 K. This study offers valuable insights into the feasibility of utilizing a novel ultra-wideband yellow-emitting garnet phosphor for potential application in WLED.

Far-red emitting phosphors have attracted considerable interest due to their strong spectral overlap with the absorption bands of the phytochrome red (PR) and far-red phytochrome (PFR) isoforms. Trivalent europium (Eu3+) typically produces orange and red light through its characteristic 5D0→7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions. Nevertheless, far-red emission remains hard to realize because the 5D0→7F4 transition is intrinsically weak. Developing Eu3+-doped materials that combine efficient far-red luminescence, high quantum yield and outstanding thermostability is essential for advancing next-generation photonic devices. In this study, we synthesized a series of CaGd2-2xEu2xGe4O12(x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) phosphors that realize fingerprint visualization and solid-state lighting using calcination method. The Rietveld refinement and XRD results confirm that the phosphor crystallizes in a tetragonal structure with the space group P4/nbm. Notably, quantum yield (QY) above 64.51% is observed in optimized phosphor, with superior thermal retention (78.4% at 423K). A red LED was fabricated using CaGd1.94Eu0.06Ge4O12 exhibits stable electroluminescence spectra across driving currents ranging from 50 to 300mA, along with stable CIE coordinates and color purity values. In addition, under 394nm UV excitation, the fluorescent agent allows for high-resolution visualization of latent fingerprints on substrates. These findings suggest that the as-prepared CaGd2Ge4O12:Eu3+ holds promise for applications in both deep-red plant growth LEDs and forensic fingerprint identification.

Given the high difficulty and poor controllability associated with the direct synthesis of uranium-based metal-organic frameworks (U-MOFs), this study took an alternative approach by utilizing a host-guest chemistry strategy to construct novel uranium-based luminescent materials. A uranyl-functionalized metal-organic framework was synthesized by introducing uranyl ions (UO22+) into the channels of a stable MOF host via a solution impregnation method. Characterization results demonstrated that the as-prepared material fully retained the host framework structure while exhibiting the characteristic luminescence of uranyl and displaying excellent water stability. Luminescence sensing experiments demonstrated the exceptional selectivity and sensitivity of MOF-76(Y)@U toward acetone in aqueous solutions, achieving a directly measured limit of detection (LOD) of 6.75 × 10-6 mol/L via luminescence spectroscopy upon the addition of trace acetone. This study not only provides a facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of novel uranium-based luminescent metal-organic frameworks, but also offers a practical and feasible new method for the low-cost, highly sensitive detection of acetone.

This study synthesized a structurally well-defined zero-dimensional (0D) discrete decanuclear iron cluster (Fe-TzBD) and elucidated its structure through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Owing to its multiple iron active sites and diverse coordination environment, Fe-TzBD exhibited significant peroxidase-like activity. In the presence of H2O2, Fe-TzBD catalyzed the oxidation of TMB, producing a blue oxidized product with a characteristic absorption peak at 652 nm in acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH = 3.6). Notably, tetracycline (TC) effectively inhibited the Fe-TzBD/H2O2/TMB colorimetric reaction, enabling a simple inhibition-based colorimetric assay. Under the established conditions, the assay showed a good linear response to TC in the range of 0.005-0.08 mM, with a detection limit of 0.233 μM. The method was successfully applied to the quantification of TC in real samples (milk, river water, pond water, and tap water) using the standard addition method, demonstrating its practical applicability. Beyond sensing, Fe-TzBD also enabled the efficient catalytic oxidation of typical organic dyes (crystal violet, methylene blue, and malachite green), with kinetics consistent with a pseudo-first-order model, highlighting its potential for pollutant degradation. Overall, this work demonstrates synthesized well-defined decanuclear iron clusters as efficient peroxidase mimics for rapid colorimetric tetracycline detection and environmental remediation.

Long-persistent luminescence materials show strong potential for optical anti-counterfeiting and luminescent thermometry, yet achieving multimode dynamic anti-counterfeiting and high-resolution temperature sensing within a single host remains challenging. Here, we establish theoretical models of host reference binding energy (HRBE) and vacuum reference binding energy (VRBE) for SrGa2O4, which predict that Sm3+ and Tb3+ doping introduces electron and hole traps at 0.60 and 1.51 eV, respectively. Guided by these predictions, we synthesize single-doped SrGa2O4:Ln3+ phosphors that exhibit dynamic fluorescence and time-dependent multicolor afterglow under continuous excitation. Thermoluminescence spectra confirm that the trap distributions agree with the HRBE-VRBE model. Under 254 nm excitation, emissions evolve from red or green to blue and reverse upon cessation of irradiation. This behavior is attributed to differences in carrier capture and release between deep Ln3+-related traps and shallow host-derived traps. Moreover, the distinct thermal-quenching behaviors of the [GaO4]2- and Ln3+ centers enable dual-mode optical thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity. In CIE mode, SrGa2O4:Sm3+ and SrGa2O4:Tb3+ show maximum relative sensitivities (S r) of 3.06% and 1.34% K-1, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of SrGa2O4:Ln3+ phosphors as multifunctional materials for advanced optical thermometry and dynamic anti-counterfeiting.

Lanthanide coordination polymers (LnCPs) have great potential in luminescent sensing and other fields due to their unique f-orbital properties. While high coordination numbers bring about structural diversity, they also pose difficulties in structural regulation. It is particularly important to achieve functional structural regulation of lanthanide coordination polymers and minimize the unpredictability of structural synthesis and functional research. Meanwhile, developing luminescent sensing properties for lanthanide elements other than Eu and Tb and expanding their application fields remains challenging. The rapid identification of CH3OH and C2H5OH, as well as H2O and D2O, is of great significance for human ecological health, industry, and scientific research. In this work, two types of LnCPs (L1-Ln-1 and L1-Ln-2) were synthesized by a solvent-controlled method using sodium isophthalic acid sulfonate as ligand, and Eu/Tb and Sm/Tb-doped dual-emitting materials were prepared. Among them, L1-Eu0.2Tb0.8-1 and L1-Sm0.8Tb0.2-1 can achieve visual differentiation between CH3OH and C2H5OH through changes in luminescence intensity ratio and CIE chromaticity coordinates; L1-Eu0.14Tb0.86-2 with excellent water stability can quantitatively and qualitatively detect the content of D2O in the H2O-D2O mixed system, and achieve visible luminescence changes from green to orange with a detection limit of 5 × 10-5 (v/v), and has good cyclic performance. The PMMA composite films prepared from both types of materials demonstrate potential for portable and stable practical applications.

The simultaneous development of highly efficient photocatalysts for organic oxidation and hydrogen production is crucial for sustainable energy conversion.

Persistent luminescence (PersL) materials have become a research hotspot in recent years. Compared with single-doped counterparts, co-doped materials with multiple emission bands have attracted extensive attention, showing important applications in multi-color stress sensing, high-end anti-counterfeiting, flexible electronics and optical detection. In this research, multi-band persistent luminescence Mg1.6Li0.2Sc0.2GeO4 (MLSGO) phosphors singly doped with Bi2+/3+ and co-doped with Bi2+/3+/Dy3+ were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction route. Comprehensive characterizations on phase constitution, microstructural features and luminescence behaviors were carried out. XRD analyses demonstrate that all obtained samples crystallize in a pure orthorhombic Pnma phase free of impurities, and the doping ions are evenly distributed within the host lattice. An ion co-doping strategy is adopted in this work to generate extra characteristic emissions, which compensate the vacant spectral region (300-800 nm) of solely Bi-doped samples and thus widen spectral range as well as improve luminescence performance. For single Bi-doped MLSGO monitored at λem = 349 nm, its excitation spectrum only exhibits responses within 300-500 nm and 650-800 nm. By contrast, co-incorporation of Dy3+ yields a new 580-620 nm emission band stemming from inherent electronic transitions of Dy3+, filling the aforementioned spectral vacancy. Experimental results confirm that the sample doped with 1.3 % Bi exhibits superior overall luminescence and trap modulation capabilities, which gives rise to maximum UVB emission at 349 nm and NIR emission at 710 nm, accompanied by a 14 h afterglow. Under fixed Bi doping concentration, characteristic luminescence of Dy3+ can be detected even at a low doping level of 0.1 %. The luminescence intensity of Dy3+ reaches a peak at 1.0 % doping content, while heavy doping above or equal to 2.0 mol% induces remarkable concentration quenching. When 1.0 % Dy3+ is co-doped, characteristic emission peaks at 480 nm (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) and 580 nm (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) emerge. Meanwhile, trap depth and trap density are modulated, prolonging the persistent luminescence lifetime up to 64 h. The long-lasting afterglow stems from Bi-associated luminescence centers, governed by carrier recombination in shallow traps as well as tunneling effect. Two types of trap centers with depths of 0.67 eV (shallow trap) and 0.78 eV (deep trap) are present in the host material. The introduction of Dy3+ further adjusts the deep trap energy to 0.84 eV, efficiently manipulating the carrier release kinetics. Such co-doped phosphors with stable multi-band UV-Vis-NIR emission and ultra-long persistent luminescence exhibit excellent tunable mechanoluminescence and show promising prospects in multi-color stress sensing, advanced anti-counterfeiting and flexible optoelectronic devices.

The red long persistent luminescence materials charged by blue light have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their potential application in anti-counterfeiting, data encryption, emergency lighting and biological marker. However, the lack of suitable emission centers and hosts poses a great challenge to develop the high-performance red long persistent luminescence materials excited by blue light. Herein, this work report a garnet phosphor with excellent red persistent luminescence properties Ca1-x%Cd2(1-x%)ZnZrGe3O12:x%Pr3+ (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) through using the high-temperature solid-phase reaction charged with blue light. The phosphor was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence excitation, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence spectra. The photoluminescence spectra of Ca1-x%Cd2(1-x%)ZnZrGe3O12:x%Pr3+ (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) in 425-750 nm range contains five main narrow emission peaks at 490, 610, 620, 651 and 745 nm, which are attributed to the electronic transitions 3P0 → 3H4, 1D2 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3H6, 3P0 → 3F2 and 3P0 → 3F4, respectively. The red persistent luminescence can be stably maintained for up to 12 h. Moreover, the CIE coordinates of doped Pr3+ at a concentration of 0.1 mol% red-colored persistent luminescence are (0.5359,0.3606). Further thermoluminescence curve analysis reveals that this sample contains two types of traps: shallow traps with an energy level of approximately 0.56 eV and deep traps with energy levels of approximately 0.94 eV and 0.96 eV respectively. These results confirm the application potential of Ca1-x%Cd2(1-x%)ZnZrGe3O12:x%Pr3+ (x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0) phosphor in anti-counterfeiting, data encryption, emergency lighting, and other fields.

ABSTRACT Developing water‐stable organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials remains a formidable challenge due to water‐induced quenching. Herein, we present a counter‐intuitive strategy to achieve water‐enhanced ultralong RTP via the in situ encapsulation of carbonyl‐based guests within a rigid hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF). Unlike conventional systems where water acts as a quencher, we demonstrate that water molecules function as pivotal structural reinforcers. Mechanistic studies reveal that water bridges host–guest hydrogen‐bonding sites, constructing a denser network that rigidifies molecular conformation and promotes intersystem crossing. Consequently, phosphorescence intensity peaks at a high water content of 55 wt.%. Significantly, this universal strategy enables full‐color ultralong phosphorescence (from blue to deep red) by tuning guest conjugation‐a rare feat in aqueous media. Benefiting from exceptional physiological stability and biocompatibility, these nano‐sized hybrids overcome intracellular quenching bottlenecks, enabling high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio cellular bio‐imaging. Additionally, applications in 4D encryption and humidity sensing are demonstrated. This work transforms a traditional phosphorescence killer into a synergistic enhancer, offering a novel paradigm for designing high‐performance RTP materials tailored for biological applications.

ABSTRACT Lead‐free halide double perovskites (LHDPs) as potentially luminescent materials are gaining recognition owing to their multi‐stimuli responsive and tunable spectra. However, the current single functionality and luminescence mode limit further application and development. Herein, Bi 3+ /Er 3+ co‐doped Cs 2 Na 0.8 Ag 0.2 LuCl 6 are successfully synthesized with excellent temperature sensing response, multi‐excitation‐capable and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 87.7%). Bi 3+ doping generates electronic domains by forming a new localized valence band maximum and breaks the symmetry of the Lu 3+ sites, facilitating the formation of more self‐trapped excitons (STEs) and establishing an efficient energy transfer channel from STEs to Er 3+ ions. By exploiting the thermally coupled energy levels ( 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 ) of Er 3+ ions and their distinct responses to ultraviolet (UV) and near‐infrared (NIR) excitation, self‐calibrating optical thermometers for dual‐mode temperature sensing were developed, exhibiting a maximum relative sensitivity of 1.45% K −1 . Furthermore, the white‐light‐emitting diode (wLED) based on Cs 2 Na 0.8 Ag 0.2 LuCl 6 : 0.04Bi 3+ ,0.06Er 3+ phosphors exhibit excellent performance (CIE color coordinates of (0.32, 0.33), Ra = 86.5, CCT = 5776 K). The multi‐stimulus‐responsive phosphors can simultaneously respond to ultraviolet and near‐infrared excitation, demonstrating great potential in anticounterfeiting application. These findings establish Cs 2 Na 0.8 Ag 0.2 LuCl 6 : Bi 3+ , Er 3+ LHDPs as a flexible basis for multifunctional lattice‐engineered photonics.

To enhance the performance of oil-extended rubber, reduce costs, conserve petroleum resource consumption, and lower carbon emissions, a modified attapulgite (ATP) slurry was prepared and thoroughly mixed with a rubber emulsion. Oil-extended styrene-butadiene rubber/attapulgite nanocomposites were prepared by emulsion blending. Carbon black (CB) or silica was mechanically mixed with other vulcanization components to obtain a series of vulcanizates filled with different ATP contents. The influence of different reinforcing agents on the processing and mechanical properties was studied. The results showed that the addition of ATP improved the thermal stability of raw rubber. The carbon black reinforcement system exhibited a better processing performance. The normal mechanical properties of the vulcanizates and the external work required for breakage were enhanced by the addition of ATP. In the silica-reinforced system, the normal mechanical properties were significantly improved, achieving a tensile strength of over 20 MPa, which is comparable to that of samples reinforced solely with carbon black. Silica-reinforced rubber achieved significantly lower rolling resistance in terms of dynamic mechanical performance, which is more relevant to practical applications. In addition, silica-reinforced rubber enables the production of colored products, and the incorporation of ATP does not affect this property.

Inorganic luminescent materials have the advantage of multicolor, simple design and multimode luminescence, which has been recognized as potential candidates in anti-counterfeiting applications. Among them, the excitation wavelength-dependent color-tunable inorganic luminescent materials are widely utilized in high-level anti-counterfeiting because of visualization, multiple security encryption, easy identification. However, such materials usually present single-modal color-tunable luminescence, or multi-mode color-tunable luminescence through complex doping, which limits its practical application. Hence, the development of new multi-color and multi-mode luminescent materials for improving anti-counterfeiting performance is of great importance, which is designed through doping a single luminescent center. In the work, Sm3+ single-doped CaCd2ZnZrGe3O12 phosphors with excitation wavelength-dependent color-tunable characteristic were obtained. And multi-color and multi-mode luminescence can be achieved by spectral regulation. The optical characteristics of CaCd2ZnZrGe3O12: xSm3+ (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02) phosphors were minutely studied by photoluminescence (PL). Spectral analysis revealed that the emission color of phosphor turned from green to red with the excitation wavelength transformation from 245 nm to 405 nm. The CIE coordinates are (0.3251,3871), (0.4772,0.4314) and (0.5553,0.3974), respectively under 254 nm, 365 nm and 405 nm excitation source. Meanwhile, it is proved that there are continuous trap distributions in phosphors. Then, the high-level QR code anti-counterfeiting patterns are designed based on the excitation wavelength dependence, showcasing its potential in anti-counterfeiting fields. This work offers a pathway for designing advanced optical anti-counterfeiting materials with excitation wavelength-dependent color-tunable characteristics.

Inspired by the active sites of natural enzymes and bimetallic synergistic effect, a bimetallic CuFe@TMDP nanozyme with laccase-like and peroxidase-like activities was successfully constructed using a Schiff base as a ligand. The precise doping of Cu/Fe was confirmed by EDS, PXRD, XPS, and FT-IR, and the unique structure of the Schiff base coordination polymer gave the nanozyme excellent stability, salt resistance, organic solvent tolerance, and recyclability under extreme conditions. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that both laccase-like and peroxidase-like activities showed high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency, and the activity could be regulated by the metal ratio. Based on the synergistic effect of bimetallics, two possible catalytic mechanisms for enzyme activity were proposed. Benefiting from its excellent laccase-like activity, this nanozyme can achieve highly sensitive detection of o-Chlorophenol (linear range of 0.01-1.2 mM, detection limit of 7 μM). In addition, this method shows good recovery results for spiked samples. The inhibitory effect of tetracycline on peroxidase-like activity was explained by density functional theory (DFT), and a colorimetric detection method for tetracycline was constructed (linear range of 0.01-0.1 mM, detection limit of 5 μM). Compared with other antibiotics, amino acids, and ions, they exhibited good selectivity and anti-interference ability. A smartphone-based colorimetric sensing platform with standard colorimetric cards was further developed to realize the rapid visual detection of the two pollutants. This study provides new ideas for the design of Schiff base bimetallic nanozymes and promotes their practical application in the field of environmental monitoring.