The results of studying the composition of glasses from the site of the Zhabinsky factory, one of the first Russian glass factories founded in the north-west of Russia, are presented. More than 200 samples of historical glass fragments of dishes, as well as the remains of glass on the walls of melting pots were studied using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The data obtained made it possible to classify glasses depending on the recipe and the raw materials used in their production. The reliability of the determination of the compositions was confirmed on randomly selected samples by the ICP AES method. The presence of cobalt impurities was qualitatively determined from the characteristic bands in the absorption spectra of the visible region. The main group of finds is represented by potash-calcium glass obtained using plant ash (ash glass) or purified potash (potash glass). A separate group includes potash-lime glasses obtained through addition of lime to the batch. The nature of the coloration of the studied glasses with iron (+2), iron (+3), cobalt (+2), and also due to the charge transfer iron (+3) — sulfur (–2) is discussed. Potassium-lead glasses with a high lead content found at the site of the plant serve as an example of the first Russian colorless lead crystal. The results represent the first systematic study of the composition of glass produced in Russia in the time of Peter the Great. A comparative analysis of the compositions of glasses from the Zhabinsky and Lavinsky factories has been carried out.

A method for the determination of the glass composition in the systems PbO – SiO2 and K2O – PbO – SiO2 with different additives present both in historical and modern art glass is considered. Development of a non-destructive method for determining the glass composition in conditions of museum storage is an important goal for museum practice. We propose a method for determining the composition of those glasses using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer (XRF). To select the optimal software suitable for measurements, we have synthesized a number of standard glass samples with the composition determined by ICP-AES. A glass sample of was dissolved in an autoclave in a mixture of nitric, hydrofluoric, and perchloric acids. The lead content in standard samples was simultaneously determined gravimetrically after fusion of the sample with sodium carbonate. Using XRF measurements of standard samples we development of a method for determination of the glass composition with an accuracy sufficient to assign the glass to one of the groups of historical glasses. The results obtained can be used for attribution of lead glass products. The content of potassium oxide in historical samples was estimated by XRF method using two independent programs with subsequent averaging of the data obtained. When using our method, the error of potassium, silicon and lead determination does not exceed 10%, which is sufficient for a museum description and attribution of an item. The developed procedure was tested in analysis of the items from the collection of the State Museum of Ceramics («Kuskovo Estate of the 18th century»).

Compositions of Russian glasses of the 18th century manufactured at state-own factories have almost not been investigated so far. This work presents the results of studies of the composition of glasses found in 2020 on the place of Lava Factories (1730–1760th). The composition of glasses was determined using complementary analytical methods: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray electron probe microanalysis, and optical spectroscopy. The general type of glasses (K 2 O–CaO–SiO 2 ) was revealed and also groups of glasses corresponding to various melting formulations were distinguished. The role of various functional additives to the studied glasses is discussed.

The dependence of lead silicate glass color, applied using copper(ii) ions, on lead content in the glass, the nature of the alkali metal, and copper content was studied. It was shown that the principal contribution to the color is made by the shift of the fundamental absorption edge, which correlates with the amount of lead and copper ions. According to EPR results for glasses with the studied compositions, copper ions have a tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination environment, which does not change considerably with composition. The Cuii d—d-transition bands also do not undergo considerable changes.

A novel method for determining the lead concentration in glass by a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer is developed and applied to the analysis of smalts manufactured by Mikhail Lomonosov at his factory in Ust'-Ruditsa. Complex research on the microstructure and composition of the glass is carried out. The XRF method as a new approach to the study of historical glass is described.

Sequential extraction procedures (SEP) have been widely used for the fractionation of trace elements in soils according to their physicochemical mobility and bioaccessibility. Potassium/sodium pyrophosphate in alkaline medium may be considered as the most appropriate extracting reagent for the recovery of amorphous metal-organic complexes, which play a very important role in biological, physical, and chemical processes in soil. However, the selectivity of pyrophosphate has been poorly studied. In the present work the ability of pyrophosphate to attack mineral inorganic phases of environmental solids was assessed using dynamic extraction, which allows one to minimize artifacts and mimic natural conditions. Samples of gabbro and granite containing nearly no organic compounds were taken as example. The eluents applied addressed exchangeable, specifically sorbed, bound to Mn oxides, and bound to metal-organic complexes fractions extractable by 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2, 0.43 M CH3COOH, 0.1 M NH2OH · HCl, and 0.1 M K4P2O7 at pH 11, respectively. As expected, pyrophosphate extraction leads to a partial dissolution of elements bound to inorganic compounds. The recovery of aluminum, iron, manganese, and rare earth elements by pyrophosphate is up to 4% of their total concentrations in samples. The results were discussed on the basis of coordination chemistry of pyrophosphate complexes. In general, pyrophosphate extraction could be further regarded to be sufficiently selective for the dissolution of metal-organic complexes while using SEP in environmental analysis, soil science, and biogeochemistry. Nevertheless, in the interpretation of the fractionation results, a partial dissolution of mineral inorganic phases should be taken into consideration, especially for soils with low content of organic compounds.

This is the first study of a crystal glass composition, as well as its thermal and spectral (Raman spectra and fluorescence) characteristics, produced at the Gus-Khrustalnyi factory in the middle of the 19th century. The sample studied is a potassium-calcium glass with a low lead content. The formula for such a composition was first developed in Central Europe in the second half of the 17th century and then improved at the beginning of the 18th century. The possibility to use a portable XRF spectrometer to analyze historical glass is demonstrated.

The influence of the lead content in the K 2 O–PbO–SiO 2 system on the color of glass caused by the plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles is discussed. It is shown that in glass with a high lead content a longer time of secondary heat treatment (striking) and high temperature affect the hypsochromic shift of the plasmon frequency in UV-vis spectra, while for the remaining compositions, a bathochromic effect is observed. This is explained by the change in the structural role of the lead in the silicate matrix.

Five new complexes Ln(Q(C17))3(H2O)(Solv) (Ln = Y, Solv = H2O, Ln = Tb, Dy, Sm or Eu, Solv = EtOH) were synthesized with the acylpyrazolonato ligand Q(C17) bearing a long aliphatic C17H35 chain in the acyl moiety, and the crystal structure of Y(Q(C17))3(H2O)2 shows the three aliphatic chains from the coordinated ligands positioned in the same direction, affording plane layers built by Y(Q(C17))3(H2O)2 molecules connected through H-bonding interactions. The layers are stitched to each other like in "hook & loop" tapes. Luminescence of complexes was determined and the complex Tb(Q(C17))3(H2O)(EtOH) was immobilized on the surface of silica preprocessed using a C17H35CONH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 reagent via hydrophobic interactions of long aliphatic chains. Luminescent properties and micromorphology of the obtained hybrid particles and hybrid films were investigated. Intensive green emission of the complex retains after grafting onto the silica surface. Inclusion of the complex on the surface of silica materials occurs as separate molecules, after the disruption of the H-bonding network present in the crystalline phase of the pure terbium sample.

Ligand 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-stearoylpyrazol-5-one (HQ) is synthesized and used to obtain new complexes of rare-earth metals (Eu, Gd, and Tb) of the composition [Ln(Q)(3)(H2O)(EtOH)]. The crystal structure of the terbium complex is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (CIF file CCDC 975286). In a molecule of the complex, three aliphatic fragments n-C17H35 are codirected, which results in the formation of layers bound according to the fastener-sticker principle. The molecules of the complex are joined by a hydrogen bond network involving the pyrazolone rings and oxygen atoms of the inner-sphere solvent molecules (H2O and EtOH). The terbium complex is luminescent at room temperature, whereas the luminescence of the europium complex is very weak at room temperature and increases by 60 times at lowered temperatures. This makes it possible to consider these compounds as a new class of "luminescent thermometers.".

The study of electronic and transport properties of amorphous and nanocomposite superhard carbon films deposited from the mass-separated beam of accelerated C60 ions with an energy of 5 keV onto a substrate with temperatures (Ts) ranging from 373 K to 773 K is present. The films demonstrate a transition from the amorphous state with sp2 2D clusters to nanocomposite one with 3D graphite nanocrystals at Ts ∼ 573 K. That is accompanied by the registration of two phases with optical gaps of 3.6 eV and <1 eV. The narrow optical gap (<1 eV) is shown to attribute to the graphite nanocrystals, and a wide one (3.6 eV) to the amorphous diamond-like matrix. Measurement of the electrical conductivity of films at low temperatures showed a gradual transition at Ts increasing from hopping conductivity with variable length of jump in amorphous films to the tunnel one with power-law dependence from temperature for the nanocomposite and further to the percolation conductivity at direct contact of graphite nanocrystals. The role of intergranular insulator at tunneling conductivity of nanocomposite is played by amorphous carbon matrix which has an electronic structure close to amorphous diamond.

The reactions of lanthanum acetylacetonate with various phosphorus-containing pesticides, toxic gases, and products of their hydrolysis are modeled by quantum-chemical methods. In the most cases, the enthalpy of substitution for water by organophosphorus compounds is negative. The complexes are studied in solutions using ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl) acetate as a model compound. The mixed-ligand lanthanide complexes with acylpyrazolones and ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl) acetate are synthesized. The crystal structure is determined for the samarium complex.

By methods of scanning tunnelling microscopy and tunnelling spectroscopy the surface structure and electronic properties of carbon films deposited from the mass-separated beam of accelerated C60 ions are studied. The main feature of the surface relief is the presence of quasi-periodic globular structures with characteristic sizes of 2–4 nm and a height of about 1 nm. They are lined up in straight rows and curved chains on the entire surface of the film with a typical scale of 3–4 nm. Tunnelling spectra show that the film consists of nanoscale regions with a wide band gap (4–4.6 eV, p-type conductivity) and regions of narrow band gap (1.3–1.8 eV, n-type conductivity). The electronic properties of the surface layers are close to the diamond to a greater extent than the properties of the underlying layers. Transmission electron microscopy allowed attributing the wide band gap regions to amorphous diamond, and the narrow-gap regions to nanocrystals of graphite.