In this paper, variations of secondary cosmic rays are studied together with variations in the characteristics of the surface electric field and meteorological parameters of the surface atmosphere. Data from the ground-based complex installed at Gumilyov Eurasian National University make it possible to study the nature of cosmic-ray variations on different time scales and can qualitatively supplement the world data bank along with the data of the existing network of ground-based detectors of secondary cosmic-ray fluxes. Experimental data of the complex are publicly available on the university website ( https://enu.kz ).

The atmospheric electric field Ez is the most urgent problem of study of the physics of the atmosphere and the processes occurring in it. The conducted studies show the relationship of the electric field with atmospheric processes. Monitoring its changes is necessary to solve practical problems. This article presents brief characteristics of the installation of the EFM-100 electrostatic fluxmeter of the scientific cosmophysical experimental complex at the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (ENU) and its experimental data obtained in 2020. The article presents the results of observation of atmospheric-electrical characteristics nearthe Earth's surface and monitoring of the electric field of the atmosphere of the city of Nur-Sultan, in particular, estimates of the variation of the electric field of the surface layer of the atmosphere during sunrise and sunset based on data obtained by the EFM-100 fluxmeter. The comparison of meteorological data with the data of the electric field strength of the atmosphere is given. The analysis of the days and months in September and October 2020, when the conditions of “good weather” were manifested, was carried out. The series of electric field data obtained at other measuring stations show the characteristic periodicity of the electric field behavior. It is established that the value of the atmospheric electric field increases during sunrise with the manifestation of the solar terminator effect. It is interesting to study the relationship between the magnitude of the electric field of the atmosphere and the intensity of the cosmic ray flux, especially in the case of Forbush effects. The data of the ENU ground-based experimental complex allows us to conduct research on the study of atmospheric physics, including atomic electricity, as well as their interaction with cosmic rays and meto-conditions.

The study of the nature of variations in cosmic ray fluxes, including diurnal, 27-day, annual, etc., and the question of the relationship of solar-geophysical factors on the state of the atmosphere attracts special attention of scientists. Coronal mass ejections are the result of solar winds generated on the Sun during a series of flares. At the same time, solar winds provoke variations in the intensity of cosmic rays, which include, in particular, Forbush-decreases. The article presents brief characteristics of the CARPET detector of the scientific cosmophysical complex of the L.N.Gumilyov ENU and experimental data obtained at this facility during the observation of Forbush-deacreases in July and September 2017. The results of the analysis of variations in cosmic ray fluxes are presented and their relationship with the conditions in the interplanetary medium and the Earth’s magnetosphere caused by processes on the Sun is described. It was found that the decrease in cosmic ray fluxes in July and September 2017 was due to high solar activity (a series of solar flares). A comparative analysis of the time changes recorded by the CARPET detector modules of the L.N.Gumilyov ENU scientific complex with the data of the world network of neutron monitors («Apatity», «Almaty» and «Jungfraujoch IGY») is also presented. Data on the electromagnetic environment of interplanetary space during the period of heliospheric and magnetospheric disturbances were also used for the analysis. The analysis showed that the measurement data of the CARPET detector is in good agreement with the data of the above-mentioned neutron monitors of the world network, which allows us to study the physical nature of cosmic ray variations for different time intervals.

Cosmic rays are the main factor in atmospheric ionization; they affect the formation of clouds and determine the properties of the global electrical circuit. The mechanisms of atmospheric processes involving cosmic rays are very complex and are far from understanding. Their research requires experimental installations distributed around the world. In this context a cosmophysical complex consisting of the CARPET installation, a neutron detector, and an EFM-100 electric field monitor was created in 2015 at Eurasian National University in collaboration with the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This paper presents a brief summary of the characteristics of the CARPET facility and experimental data obtained in the period 2016–2019. Some results of the analysis of the characteristics of cosmic-ray flux variations recorded by this complex and the accompanying conditions in the Earth’s magnetosphere and in the interplanetary medium are presented.

The results are presented from an analysis of data on solar activity and cosmic ray variations observed in September 2017. This period is characterized by a sharp increase in the solar flare activity in the active region AR 12673 during the late descending phase of the 24th solar activity cycle. Solar protons are recorded by the particle instruments aboard the GOES-13 satellite, in the atmosphere, and by the ground-based neutron monitor network. A moderate Forbush decrease in the cosmic ray flux during September 6–10 is also recorded by a number of neutron monitors. Several solar proton energy spectra during September 10, 2017, (GLE72 event) are evaluated using the results from satellite measurements, balloon observations, and neutron monitor records.

This article describes the ground-based cosmophysical complex CARPET/ASTANA. The Cosmophysical Complex CARPET/ASTANA was put into operation at the Physico-Technical Faculty of the L.N. Gumilyov ENU. This is software and hardware complex, which includes a CARPET detector, as well as the EFM-100 fluxmeter. The purpose of the installation of the CARPET complex is the measurement and processing of solar and geophysical parameters in the Earth's atmosphere. The CARPET detector detects soft (electronphoton) and hard (muon) components of cosmic rays. Monitoring of the electric field of the atmosphere was carried out using an electrostatic fluxmeter. The processing and analysis of the experimental data of the detector and the fluxmeter allow to carry out investigations of the radiation situation in the earth's atmosphere during flares on the Sun, to measure the maximum intensity of the flux of solar cosmic rays and their energy spectrum. From the analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that the cosmophysical complex makes it possible to make an assessment of the radiation and meteorological situation in the terrestrial conditions of the region of Astana.

The article is devoted to the study of cosmic rays by CARPET detector, installed at the Physics and Technology Faculty of the Eurasian National University in Astana. The detector makes it possible to register the total flux of the ionizing component of the secondary cosmic rays, as well as charged particles of radioactive origin. The experimental data obtained by the detector and make it possible to analyze the variations of the fluxes of secondary cosmic rays and the influence of geomagnetic and solar activity on the processes that influence the behavior of cosmic rays in near-Earth space and in the Earth's atmosphere and also monitor the radiation situation in the atmosphere. The article shows that atmospheric pressure affects the intensity of cosmic rays, therefore, a technique is suggested for taking this effect into account by correcting the experimental data.

Статья посвящена изучению космических лучей с помощью детектора CARPET, установленного на физико-техническом факультете Евразийского университета г. Астаны. Детектор позволяет регистрировать общий поток ионизирующей компоненты вторичных космических лучей, а также заряженные частицы радиоактивного происхождения. Экспериментальные данные, полученные с помощью детектора, позволяют проводить анализ как вариаций потоков вторичных космических лучей, так и влияния геомагнитной и солнечной активности на процессы, от которых зависит поведение космических лучей в околоземном пространстве и в атмосфере Земли, а также проводить мониторинг радиационной обстановки в приземной атмосфере. В статье показано, что атмосферное давление влияет на интенсивность космических лучей, поэтому предлагается методика учета такого влияния путем корректировки экспериментальных данных.

The contributions of various mechanisms to the production of the final nucleus 12 C in the reaction 13 C( 3 He, α ) 12 C are estimated. These are neutron stripping and the transfer of the heavy cluster 9 Be in the pole approximation or via a sequential transfer of virtual 8 Be and a neutron. It is shown that the sequential mechanism of heavy-cluster transfer must be taken into account in order to describe correctly experimental data over the whole angular range.

Elastic ..cap alpha..-particle scattering by nuclei with nonzero spin is considered in the approximation in which, besides the elastic potential-scattering channel, one inelastic exchange channel, namely, the channel corresponding to the disintegration of the target nucleus into two fragments, is open. The amplitude of the exchange processes is computed within the framework of a consistent finite-range distorted-wave method. It is shown in the particular case of elastic ..cap alpha..-particle scattering by lithium nuclei that the inclusion of the exchange correction to the scattering amplitude and the consideration of the spin--orbit interaction between the impinging particle and the target nucleus improve the agreement with experiment.