The guidelines describe the management of outpatient follow-up by a general practitioner of patients with esophageal diseases (esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus and achalasia cardia). The following is presented: an approximate scope and frequency of paraclinical investigations, information on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications of diseases. The guidelines are intended for general practitioners, family doctors, as well as for mid-level health providers working with the above-mentioned doctors, for paramedics performing the doctor functions. The guidelines can be used by public health physicians, heads of primary health care facilities and their divisions.

Создание руководства поддержано Советом по терапевтическим наукам отделения клинической медицины Российской академии наук.

Aims: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is one of the most widely used screening instruments worldwide. Although it was translated into many languages, not many country-specific adaptations exist, and a formal validation procedure of the Russian version has been carried out only recently. The present contribution documents the different steps taken to formally translate and adapt a Russian-specific version of the AUDIT (RUS-AUDIT). Methods: The AUDIT was translated into Russian following an established protocol, revised and adapted to the country context using an expert panel, and field-tested in an iterative approach, in line with WHO rules on instrument translation and adaptation A total of three pilot phases were carried out on 134 patients from primary healthcare (PHC) and 33 patients from specialised alcohol treatment facilities (narcology), guided by a specially established advisory board. Changes in each version were informed by the findings of the previous pilot phase and a thorough panel discussion. Results: Based on the findings of three different pilot phases, the RUS-AUDIT was developed as a paper-and-pencil interview for PHC professionals. Since various issues with representation and counting of standard drinks for the second test item arose, a special show card was developed to support the assessment. Preliminary AUDIT-C scores indicated that more than one-third of the screened women (34.2%) and about half of the screened men (50.9%) from PHC facilities have exceeded risk thresholds. Conclusions: The RUS-AUDIT was constructed as a feasible assessment tool for interviewers and patients. The large number of PHC patients who exceed the risk threshold has corroborated the need for formal validation and Russia-specific cut-off scores, considering the specific drinking patterns.

The article considers the problem of developing communicative competence of local general practitioners in preventive counseling. The study showed that the process of preventive counseling is an integration of medical diagnostic, preventive and psychologicalpedagogical activities of a local general practitioner.The paper presents the content of the doctor’s communicative competence, which is the ability and readiness to inform the patient about the examination results, to clarify information taking into account the individual patient characteristics, as well as to improve the patient’s medical adherence.The indicators of achieving the anticipated results, expressed in communicative competence development, are determined, represented by communicative skills, which make up 3/4 of the total number of skills being formed, and the doctor’s skills in medical diagnostic and preventive activities, which make up 1/4 of the total number of necessary skills.The results obtained made it possible to predict the most effective methods of preparing doctors for a brief preventive consultation and to determine the requirements for control and evaluation materials that provide an objective assessment of the development of identified skills. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for developing a methodology for developing doctor’s communicative skills in conducting preventive counseling and further quality monitoring.

This article deals with the problem of formation of the communicative competence of local general practitioners in conducting preventive counseling. The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing a methodology for the formation of communicative skills of doctors.

There is a contradiction between the need of teachers of internal medicine departments in the methodology for communicative competence (CC) of general practitioners in brief preventive counseling and the lack of evidence-based classes on CC formation in brief preventive counseling. The existing contradiction made it possible to identify the research problem — the need to develop a methodology for the development of CC of general practitioners in brief preventive counseling. In the context of the problem, the study aim was determined — to define the methodological features of CC formation in the general practitioner in brief preventive counseling. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical: theoretical analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and methodological literature; designing the educational process; experimental: direct and indirect pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, questioning, control sections. The methodological features of CC formation are the simultaneous development of the intellectual and emotional fields of the doctor’s personality (communication skills in conducting all stages of brief preventive counseling) and the volitional field of the doctor’s personality (belief in the need to master the CC of doctor-patient interaction). The method of doctor’s CC development is based on the technology of educational training. The content of the training is a system of three following components: cognitive component — knowledge of the regulatory framework for conducting brief preventive counseling; knowledge about the criteria for its effectiveness; features of the management and principles of implementation; emotional and motivational component — the formation of personally significant ideas about oneself as a subject of professional communication in the process of brief preventive counseling; the behavioral component is the formation of the doctor’s beliefs in the need to master communicative skills that ensure the formation of competence in brief preventive counseling. The results of its experimental implementation for the formation of a doctor CC showed a high level of development: skills in conducting all stages of brief preventive counseling; beliefs in the need for the doctor to master the CC of doctor-patient interaction.