Introduction . Meningioma is one of the most common central nervous system tumors, accounting for 39.7 % of all primary brain tumors. The tumor originates from arachnoid meningothelial cells and is characterized by a wide range of histological types classified into 15 subtypes. The histological classification of meningiomas allows us to predict meningioma behavior and the risk of disease recurrence, as well as to define treatment strategies. However, clinical outcomes in histological subgroups of patients are often inconsistent with the histological grade of malignancy. Thus, a more reliable method is needed both to determine the histological subtype of the tumor and to predict the clinical course of the disease with the potential for targeted treatment. The purpose of the study was to summarize the available data on the effect of results of the genomic and proteomic tumor analysis on carcinogenesis with the relationship between the mutational changes and noninvasive diagnosis, treatment and the course of the disease. Material and Methods . Literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Elibrary system, publications were included mainly from 2010 to 2023. with the identification of articles by the keyword “genetic analysis of meningiomas” and synonyms. 550 articles were found, of which 55 were used to write a literature review. Conclusion . The study of the molecular genetic profile of meningiomas will improve the classification and establish a correlation with MRI data, the course of the disease and prognosis.

Aim of the research. To study the efficacy and safety of treating patients with cervical radicular pain that is resistant to conservative treatment. Material and methods. The results of treatment of 30 patients with herniated discs of the cervical spine and persistent radicular pain syndrome, who had an indication for surgical treatment, were studied. All subjects underwent transforaminal epidural block (TEB), and in case of its low efficiency, the patients were offered surgical treatment. The patients'condition was assessed in dynamics over 2 years, including on the basis of indicators of the visual analog scale (VAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire, and motor dysfunction in the limb according to the MRC Scale for Muscle Strength (MRC). Results. After 1 month: 21 (70 %) patients noted a significant (at least 50 %), persistent decrease in the intensity of radicular pain during the first month after TEB; a decrease in NDI values was noted in all patients. In 83.3 % (n-10) of the patients, there was a complete recovery of motor function in the limb. Two (6.7 %) patients underwent surgical treatment. After 24 months: All patients maintained a decrease in NDI scores (median 4 [0;6]). In 21 (70 %) patients, a stable positive effect from the conducted TEB remained. Four (13.3 %) patients were operated on, while five (16.7 %) patients refused surgical treatment and continued conservative treatment with a positive effect over time. Thus, all patients showed a significant decrease in the intensity of radicular and local pain in the neck with a median of 0 [0;0]. A complete restoration of muscle strength was found in all patients with moderate paresis of the arm before manipulation (n-12). Only 5 patients (16.7 %) retained periodic moderate (not exceeding 3 points by the VAS) local pain in the neck, and four (13.3 %) patients noted periodic, mild (not exceeding 3 points by the VAS) radicular pain. Conclusion. The use of TEB in the treatment of patients with radiculopathy caused by herniated discs of the cervical spine prevents the need for surgical treatment in 70 % of the patients, while maintaining a high quality of life.

A benchmark experiment modeling two typical medical x-ray procedures – chest and abdominal x-rays – was calculated for the purpose of verifying the MCU computer program for performing calculations in the field of radiation medicine. The dose load calculations were performed with the aid of voxel phantoms developed by the ICRP for different sexes. Comparison of the absorbed dose calculated in this work and obtained by experts from the European Group on Radiation Dosimetry using the EGSnrc program confirmed the efficacy of the combined use of MCU and phantoms for calculations in the field of radiation medicine.

The electronic band structure of orthorhombic compound La 2 CuO 4 , which is the parent for a number of high-temperature superconductor families, has been calculated in terms of the density functional theory using the WIEN2k program package. Calculations have been performed by means of two exchange-correlation functionals. The former is a sum of the Tran- and Blaha-modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential and correlations in a local approximation, whereas the latter is the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional. Calculations taking into account spin polarization have shown the presence of an antiferromagnetic ground state in orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 . Using the former functional, the magnetic moment of copper atoms and a semiconductor gap have been found to be M Cu = 0.725μ B and E g = 2 eV. The latter has yielded M Cu = 0.278μ B and E g = 0. Calculations results for the optical properties of orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 : the electron energy losses, the real part of optical conductivity, and reflection coefficient, are in good agreement with experimental data. The calculated spatial distribution of the charge density in orthorhombic compound La 2 CuO 4 has been analyzed with the aim of finding critical saddle points with parameters making it possible to classify the types of chemical bonds in crystals. The set of critical point parameters for orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 has turned out to be similar to that previously found by us for tetragonal La 2 CuO 4 and related high temperature superconductors. In particular, the positive sign of the charge density Laplacian at bond critical points indicates the absence of covalent bonding in La 2 CuO 4 according to the chemical bond classification proposed by Bader in his “Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules and Crystals.”

The electronic band structure and features of the charge density distribution in lead oxide phosphate Pb10(PO4)6O and the copper-doped compound Pb9Cu(PO4)6O have been studied by the density functional theory. Despite the differences in chemical compositions and crystal structures, the type of chemical bonding in the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb9Cu(PO4)6O compounds was found to be similar to the type of chemical bonding that we previously revealed in high-temperature superconductors and in parent compounds for their production—monoclinic α-Bi2O3 and orthorhombic La2CuO4. Although the lack of experimental data on the electronic band structure and physical properties of the Pb10(PO4)6O and Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compounds does not currently allow us to conclude that superconductivity could exist at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in the Pb10−xCux(PO4)6O compound, further studies of the properties of lead oxide phosphate and other minerals of the apatite supergroup might be useful for identifying new types of promising materials for the production of high-temperature superconductors.

• Spontaneous intracranial hypotension might mimic Chiari malformation. • Computed tomography myelography (CTM) might be useful to identify the site of CSF leak. • Sometimes degenerative spine causes completely different pathological conditions which might become challenging for healthcare practitioners to diagnose both in case of their separate presentation but especially as their combination. • Well-coordinated collaboration of doctors such as neurologist, radiologist and neurosurgeon is essential while treating patients with intracranial hypotension. • TEI allows to provide both differential diagnostic of spine pathology and effective radicular recovery.

Herein, the electronic band structure and charge density distribution are theoretically studied in trigonal Se and Te to clarify the uncertainty stemming from the different views on the types of chemical bonding in their crystals and to reconsider the role of valence s- and p-electrons in bonding. The lack of overlapping of the lower and upper bands of valence p-electrons in trigonal Se and the large band separation of valence s- and p-electrons present an opportunity to estimate the contributions of valence s- and p-electrons to the charge densities of two types of bond critical points (BCPs) in trigonal Se. Valence s-electrons and lower p-electrons significantly contribute to the charge density of BCPs of the first type, covalently connecting the nearest neighboring atoms within helical chains. In contrast, the lower and upper valence p-electrons are mainly responsible for the BCPs of the second type linking the neighboring chains in the Se and Te trigonal crystal structures. The nonlocal long-range van der Waals (vdW) correlation functional vdW-DF2, which is important for determining lattice constants, has a minimal effect on BCP parameters, which define the chemical bonding types. The exchange potential of Becke and Johnson modified by Tran and Blaha and the short-range electron–electron correlations considered in the local density approximation correctly reproduce not only the energy bandgap values but also various peculiarities in the electronic band structure of trigonal Se and Te, such as band crossings (Weyl nodes) of the valence p-electrons recently found in trigonal Te via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments.

The electronic band structure and the charge density distribution are theoretically studied in rhombohedral and monoclinic selenium, rhombohedral and orthorhombic sulphur with the aim to classify types of chemical bonding in molecular crystals of chalcogens. It is found that valence s- and lower in energy p-electrons contribute mainly in covalent bonds between nearest neighboring atoms in ring-shaped molecules, while all types of valence p-electrons provide bonding between rings of atoms in crystals. Parameters of critical points and the character of the charge density distribution in their vicinity point to coexistence of a number of types of chemical bonding in molecular crystals of Se and S: covalent, semimetallic and one more type, characterizing by the charge density fluctuations. Van der Waals forces, being important for finding equilibrium lattice parameters, have little impact on the charge density distribution and on the chemical bonding in crystals of chalcogens.

The electronic band structure and the charge density distribution are theoretically studied in rhombohedral and monoclinic selenium, rhombohedral and orthorhombic sulphur with the aim to classify types of chemical bonding in molecular crystals of chalcogens. It is found that valence s- and lower in energy p-electrons contribute mainly in covalent bonds between nearest neighboring atoms in ring-shaped molecules, while all types of valence p-electrons provide bonding between rings of atoms in crystals. Parameters of critical points and the character of the charge density distribution in their vicinity point to coexistence of a number of types of chemical bonding in molecular crystals of Se and S: covalent, semimetallic and one more type, characterizing by the charge density fluctuations. Van der Waals forces, being important for finding equilibrium lattice parameters, have little impact on the charge density distribution and on the chemical bonding in crystals of chalcogens. Keywords: chalcogens, molecular crystals, electronic band structure, types of chemical bonding.

Intracranial Neurenteric Cysts (INC) are rare congenital lesions. There are only four cases of those cysts with malignant transformation in the literature. We report a case of 33-year-old man with malignant INC transformation to low-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma. Combination of minimally invasive surgery to make a correct diagnosis, decompress the brain and modern radiotherapy can significantly improve the prognosis of the course of the disease.

Background: Intraoperative balloon electronic brachytherapy (IBEB) may provide potential benefit for local control of recurrent cerebral glioblastomas (GBMs). Methods: This is a preliminary report of an open-label, prospective, comparative cohort study conducted in two neurosurgical centers with ongoing follow-up. At recurrence, patients at one center (n = 15) underwent reresection with IBEB while, at the second center (n = 15), control subjects underwent re-resection with various accepted second-line adjuvant chemoradiotherapy options. A comparative analysis of overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) following re-resection was performed. Exploratory subgroup analysis based on postoperative residual contrast-enhanced volume status was also done. Results: In the IBEB group, median LPFS after re-resection was significantly longer than in the control group (8.0 vs. 6.0 months; log rank χ2 = 4.93, P = 0.026, P < 0.05). In addition, the median OS after second resection in the IBEB group was also significantly longer than in the control group (11.0 vs. 8.0 months; log rank χ2 = 4.23, P = 0.04, P < 0.05). Conclusion: These hypothesis-generating results from a small cohort of subjects suggest putative clinical benefit in OS and LPFS associated with maximal safe re-resection of recurrent GBM with IBEB versus re-resection and standard adjuvant therapy, a hypothesis that deserves further testing in an appropriately powered clinical trial.

Calculations of the personnel irradiation dose rate were performed to assess the radiation consequences of the rupturing of a tube in the sampling line in a complex preparing samples for automated chemical monitoring of the primary loop of NPP with VVER-1000. The calculations were performed by the Monte Carlo method using the MCU-PD high-precision code based on data on the activity of fission products in the primary coolant using ICRP-developed anthropomorphic voxel-phantoms of a standard person.

2535 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive cerebral tumor with poor prognosis. The majority of patients relapse after the initial surgery plus adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. In case of recurrence there is no established standard therapy. The optimal techniques for salvage re-irradiation are unclear, so that procedure poses a challenge. In contrast to traditional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT) may improve patient’s outcome at the cost of minimal side effects and short treatment duration. Methods: A total of 30 patients were treated with recurrent GBM between August 2016 and June 2019. All patients underwent maximal safe resection; patients were divided into IORT and EBRT groups. 15 patients were included in each group with similar clinical characteristics. All patients in IORT group underwent maximal safe microsurgical resection with subsequent intraoperative balloon electronic brachytherapy (IBEB) and no further adjuvant treatment. IBEB was performed using Axxent electronic brachytherapy device (Xoft Electronic Brachytherapy (eBx) System, USA. Patients in EBRT group underwent same surgery followed by external beam radiotherapy. Contrast-enhanced brain MRI with perfusion was performed within 24 hours of surgery +/- brain PET-CT with 18-FDOPA and then every 3 months. Both groups were also assigned to subgroups (≤ 2.5cm3 and > 2.5cm3) based on post-operative contrast-enhancing volume (POCEV). Median overall survival (OS) since diagnosis and local progression-free survival (locPFS) following the second surgery were analyzed. Possible toxicities and prognostic factors were also evaluated. Results: Median OS was 27 months in IORT group and 21 months in EBRT group. The locPFS range between 3.5 to 39 months in IORT group and only 2 to 10 months in group with EBRT. Kaplan-Meier OS curves in patients with POCEV ≤ 2.5cm3 showed more favorable outcomes for patients in the IORT group (p < 0.05). In patients with POCEV > 2.5cm3 the median OS was 17 months in IORT group and 13.5 months in EBRT group. Conclusions: IORT of recurrent GBM is feasible and provides encouraging local progression-free and overall survival; no high-grade radiation induced toxicities occur and further studies to establish this method are mandatory. The toxicity profile of additional IBEB was manageable. Maximal safe microsurgical resection is the most important prognostic factor and could determine the effectiveness of post-surgical IBEB.

We report a case of a 47-years old woman presented to our department with the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation and extensive hydrosyringomyelia. Her main complains were severe headache and chronic pain syndrome in the left side of her breast and left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed alterations suggestive of the presence of intracranial hypotension (IH), that was confirmed by measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and then CSF venous fistula was detected by computed tomography myelography (CTM). She was successfully surgically treated which leaded to the regression of the clinical symptoms and radiological alterations. Nevertheless, during her recovery after surgery she had an episode of recurrent left arm pain, which was interpreted as secondary cervical spine degeneration consequence. MRI confirmed C5-C6 disc herniation and transforaminal epidural injection of local anesthetic and corticosteroid solutions was performed. A week later she already felt significant improvement as her pain syndrome regressed a lot. IH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of headache and sagging brainstem and tonsils with cord syrinx on MRI and should not be misinterpreted as Chiari malformation. At the same time, transforaminal epidural injection appears to be an effective tool in modern neurosurgical practice allowing to determine the reason and accurate radiculopathy level.

The aim of the study is to analyze comprehensive information on the use of epidural injections in the treatment and diagnosis of patients with herniated intervertebral discs. Epidemiology and modern concepts of the pathogenesis of pain syndrome formation in patients with herniated intervertebral discs, algorithms and methods of conservative and surgical treatment of such patients are highlighted. Information on the methods and features of various routes of epidural injections used for these drugs is presented, as well as a comparative assessment of their effectiveness and safety. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of transforaminal epidural block is discussed separately.

The electron band structure of GeTe, Sb2Te3, GeSb2Te4, and Ge2Sb2Te5 compounds has been calculated by the electron density functional method using the WIEN2k software package. These compounds belong to the class of (GeTe)m–(Sb2Te3)n pseudobinary alloys, which pass from the crystalline to the amorphous state and vice versa under laser irradiation or an electric pulse for extremely short times on the order of 1–100 ns. A detailed analysis of the parameters of critical points (maxima, minima, and inflection points) in the electron density distribution, located at the high-symmetry points of crystal structure, is performed. Characteristic values of the parameters of critical points in the electron density distribution are found for this class of materials.

Brain glioblastomas (GBM) are notorious for their early local recurrence despite of standard combined treatment. Technologies for recurrent GBM management require further development and research. Resection of malignant gliomas must be followed by an adjuvant treatment. Intraoperative balloon electronic brachytherapy (IBEB) has been recently introduced into clinical practice and could be successfully applied to recurrent GBM management. This article presents the initial results of recurrent GBM management with maximal safe resection followed by IBEB. Material and methods. Patients (n = 11) with recurrent GBM after standard combined treatment were managed with maximal safe microsurgical resection followed by IBEB. The follow-up period after IBEB ranged from 1 to 30 months. Results. The median overall survival for the entire study group of patients included in the statistical analysis (n = 9) was 27 months (range 17–47 months). In the subgroup of patients (n = 4) with contrast-enhanced tumor MRI volume after resection ≤ 2.5 cm3, the median local progression free survival (locPFS) was 21.25 months (range 10–30 months). Conclusion. Initial results in recurrent brain GBMs management with resection followed by IBEB seems to be promising, especially in case of contrast-enhanced tumor volume detected on MRI after resection is less than 2.5 cm3 without signs of multifocal tumor growth.

The degree of primary resection of malignant brain gliomas (MBGs) has correlated positively with progression-free and overall survival. The indications for surgery and reoperation in MBG relapse remain controversial. Surgery will not be curative and should be followed by adjuvant treatment. We reviewed the reported studies with respect to repeat resection and the various methods of intraoperative radiotherapy for MBGs from the initial experience with high-energy linear accelerators in Japan to modern, integrated brachytherapy solutions using solid and balloon applicators. Because of the findings from our review, we have begun to research into the use of intraoperative balloon brachytherapy for recurrent MBGs.