Objective To examine the cognitive function in unaffected first-degree relatives of patient of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Methods Cognitive function studied in 50 unaffected first-degree relatives of patient of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and 50 healthy individuals.Digital symbol,trail marking test(TMT),digital span,visual reproduction,verbal fluency,Wisconsin card sorting test(WSCT),Hanoi tower(HOT) were used to assess the attention,memory and execution functions.Result Compare with healthy individuals,relatives from both families of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed significant impairment in digital symbol,TMT-A digital span(total and pour),visual reproduction,verbal fluency,WSCT continue error,THO total scorce and finished tasks(P < 0.05).Post Hoc multiple comparisons showed that,compared with controls,the relatives of schizophrenia had worse scores in all tests(P < 0.05),while bipolar group only had worse scores in digital symbol,TMT-A digital span(total and pour) and verbal fluency.Furthermore,relatives of schizophrenia had worse scores than in visual reproduction,THO total scores and finished tasks compared with relatives of bipolar disorder(P < 0.05).Conclusions The unaffected first-degree relatives from both families of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have attention,memory and execution function impairment.Furthermore,the relatives of schizophrenia have more severe impairment than those of bipolar disorder,indicating that cognitive deficits may be the common genetic susceptibility factors with different factor loading for those two mental disorders.

Objective To explore the relationship between cognitive impairments and duration of illness in patients with bipolar disorder at stationary phase.Methods 224 patients with bipolar I disorder at stationary phase were divided into 3 groups according to their duration: Group I(79 cases with duration ranged form 3 months to 1 year),Group Ⅱ(58 cases,1 year to 5 years) and Gruop Ⅲ(87 cases with duration above 5 years).The cognitive function were assessed with digital symbol,trail marking test(TMT),digital span,visual reproduction,Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),verbal fluency,Tower of Hanoi(TOH).Spearman correlation and partial correlation were used to analyze the correlation between cognitive impairments and duration of illness.Results Covariance analysis with the covariant as age showed that there were significant differences in number of replication of verbal fluency and number of mistake of TMT-B among the 3 groups(F=5.560,3.329 respectively;P=0.004,0.038 respectively),and the cognitive function of patients in Gruop Ⅲ was worse than those in Group I in both tests.Partial correlation analysis with controlled variable as age and education degree showed that only number of mistakes of TMT-B was significantly correlated with duration of illness(r=0.20,P<0.05),other 23 tests had no significant correlation with duration of illness(P>0.05).Conclusion The cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder at stationary phase is stable.It may be one of the endophenotypes of bipolar disorder.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine and lithium in treatment of bipolar disorder with mania episode. Method:70 patients with bipolar disorder with mania episode randomized into single used oxcarbazepine group(35 cases) and lithium group(35 cases) for 8 weeks.Bech-Rafaelsen manic scale(BRMS) ,clinical global impressions severity scale(CGI-SI) and treatment emergent symptoms scale(TESS) were used to evaluate efficacy and side effects. Results:After treatment,BRMS and CGI-S score decreased significantly compared with before treatment(P0.05 or P0.01) ,there were no significant difference between two groups in score of BRMS and CGI-S(P0.05) .Two groups adverse events were mild. Conclusion:Oxcarbazepine and lithium are both effective and safe,in the treatment of bipolar disorder with manic episode.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of citalopram in treating the Chinese patients with depression. Methods A multi-center, open-label study was conducted. The subjects were 5 052 patients with depression, in which 4 683 with major depressive disorder, 161 comorbid with physical diseases, 112 with comorbid obsessive-compulsory disorder, and 96 with bipolar depression. The diagnoses were made according to the CCMD-Ⅲ criteria. The trial period lasted 8 weeks, and patients were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17 items (HAMD) at 0, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week. Side effects were classified prescriptively. Results In the 5 052 cases enrolled, 42.10% were male, and the mean age was 41.0 years. A highly significant reduction on the HAMD scores were noted at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. The reduction on the HAMD score at weeks 8 was (81.1±16.8)%, and 3 697 cases (73.18%) were clinical remission. The significant improvement was also observed in cases with comorbid physical disease, ones with comorbid OCD, and ones with bipolar depression. The efficacy was better in the acute, younger and first-episode patients than in those chronic, older and recurrent patients. The common side effects were digestive and nervous system symptoms, which occurred at the beginning of treatment and were transient. Conclusion Citalopram is a safe and effective antidepressant drug, and has better tolerability in treating depression comorbid with other disorders.

Objective:to study the efficacy and safety of moclobemide in comparison with typical antidepressant imipramine Method:200 depressive patients were enrolled for the randomized double blind double-dummy study The dosage of moclobemide was 300-600 mg/d, that of imipramine was 75-250 mg/d Result:at the end of trial, both two groups had lower scores of HAMD and HAMA than before There was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical effect, the effective rate of moclobemide was 79 4%, that of imipramine was 85 4% Moclobemide group had fewer side effects than imipramine group Conclusion:moclobemide is a safe and effective antidepressant

目的 观察 α2 -巨球蛋白基因 （α2 - macroglobulin,A2 M）内含子 17一种五核苷酸缺失突变在广州地区汉族老年人中的分布 ,探讨其与晚发 Alzheimer病 （AD）的相关性。方法 以 97例晚发 AD患者和 111名健康老年人为对照进行病例 -对照研究。用聚合酶链反应 -限制性片段长度多态性方法分析 A2 M缺失 /插入多态性和载脂蛋白 E（apolipoprotein E,apo E）基因多态性。结果 （1） A2 M基因缺失突变在晚发 AD患者中的频率为 2 .6 % ,在正常老年人中的频率为 2 .7% ,在所有受试者中未检测到 A2 M突变纯合体 ,晚发 AD患者和健康老年人之间不存在 A2 M等位基因和基因型分布的差异 ,A2 M基因多态性与晚发AD无关联。（2 ）晚发 AD患者中 apo E等位基因ε4频率显著升高 （Z=3.32 ,P＜0 .0 1）。晚发 AD与ε3/ε4基因型正关联 （RR=2 .6 2 ,χ2 =6 .89,P＜0 .0 1） ,和等位基因ε4正关联 （RR=2 .6 7,χ2 =10 .71,P＜0 .0 1）。 （3）晚发 AD无论是否伴有 apo E-ε4均与 A2 M不存在相关性。结论 广州汉族人群中 A2 M基因缺失突变多态性与晚发 AD不具有关联

目的探讨托吡酯治疗躁狂发作、伴脑电图异常的儿童注意缺陷综合症的临床疗效和不良反应.方法分别以托吡酯和碳酸锂治疗躁狂发作各40例,并于治疗后1、2、4、8周采用Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表(BRMS)和副反应量表(TESS)进行评定和比较.分别以利他林和托吡酯治疗伴有异常脑电图的儿童注意缺陷综合症各40例,并于治疗后1、2、4、8周采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、Conners多动指数(CIH)及副反应量表(TESS)作评定和比较.所有患者均治疗8周.结果两类病人治疗期间各量表评分值呈不断下降趋势,治疗后第2周较治疗前已有显著差异(P＜0.05).治疗8周后,托吡酯治疗躁狂发作的BRMS总分减分率为49.82%,与对照组(54.16%)比较无显著性差异.治疗儿童注意缺陷综合症的CIH减分率为52.6%,CBCL减分率48.56%,与对照组(51.47%,44.3%)比较无显著性差异.两对照组的副反应发生率(97.5%、100%)高于两个托吡酯组(50.0%、77.5%),前者的TESS评分亦差于后者.结论托吡酯治疗两种常见的精神疾病,初步显示了较好的临床疗效及安全性.

托吡酯(TPM)是一种新型的具有多种作用机制的抗癫痫药物,动物实验表明其具有独特的抗惊厥活性和极小的全身毒性[1,2].据文献报道其对多种癫痫性精神障碍和儿童癫痫有良好的临床疗效[3-5].为探讨该药合并奋乃静治疗癫痫性精神障碍的临床效果及安全性,我们于1999年8月至2000年6月进行了开放性对照研究.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of the pentanucleotide deletion polymorphism adjacent to a consensus splice site in intron 17 of alpha 2-macroglobulin(A2M) gene on the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in the Han Chinese in Guangzhou area.METHODS:A2M and apolipoprotein E genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques in the patients(32 men and 65 women) with LOAD and age-matched healthy elderly Chinese subjects (57 men and 54 women).RESULTS:The A2M gene deletion allele frequency was 2.6% in the cases with LOAD and 2.7% in the controls. In the LOAD cases, the frequency of apoE-epsilon4 increased significantly (Z=3.32, P<0.01). ApoE-epsilon4 was associated with LOAD (RR=2.67, chi(2)=10.71, P<0.01) while the A2M deletion polymorphism was not associated with LOAD even the samples were stratified according to the presence of the apoE-epsilon4 allele.CONCLUSION:The above data demonstrate that there is no evidence for the association of A2M polymorphism with the development of LOAD in the Han Chinese population in Gaungzhou.