The burley tobacco variety of TN90LC with low content of tobacco–specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) and N'?nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was introduced from America. The results of experiment and evaluation indicated that the content of TSNAs, NNN and the nornicotine conversion of TN90LC were significantly lower than those of Eyan 1 (control variety). The average yield of TN90LC was 2638.60 kg/hm2, and the percentage of the sum of first grade tobacco and middle grade tobacco reached 86.06%. The resistant results showed that TN90LC has moderate to normal resistance to black shank, and normal resistance to TMV, moderate resistance to root knot nematode disease. The appearance quality and sensory quality of TN90LC were both better than those of the control, the content of main chemical components was appropriate, and the harmony of chemical components was also better. By comprehensive analysis, the TN90LC was an excellent burley tobacco variety which is compatible in several important traits, including less–harmful, fine quality, proper yield and enough resistibility to main diseases.

The new burley variety ‘Eyan 213’is a male sterile hybrid Bred with MSKentucky8959 as the maternal parent and Virginia528 as the paternal parent.‘Eyan 213’is a medium maturity variety,its genetic traits were stable,and its plants grew rather strongly and uniformly in fields.Its major economic characters,apparent quality and smoking quality are equivalent to ‘Eyan 1’.It showed suitable and harmonious internal chemical constituents.Its 4 -(methylnitrosamino)-1 -(3 -pyridyl) -1 -butanone (NNK)content is lower than the contrast variety.It resistance to TMV,moderate resist-ance to tobacco black shank,sense to root knot nematode disease.Eyan 213 with good quality,low NNK,suitable for pro-duction and anti -disease.It was approved by National Tobacco Cultivar Registration Board in April 2015.The breeding process,characteristics,cultivation and drying technology of variety ‘Eyan 213’are introduced.

In order to explore effects of different cultivation measures coupling on TSNAs contents and quality of the burley tobacco,an orthogonal experiment was conducted at varieties (Eyan1LC,TN90 and Eyan3LC),nitrogen application rate (210,270 and 330 kg · hm-2),and BSM doses (0.10,0.30 and 0.00 μmol · L-1) to analyze contents of conventional chemical components,nitrate nitrogen,alkaloids and TSNAs and evaluate the appearance quality and sensory quality of middle burley tobacco leaves.The results showed that,tobacco varieties were the main factor of influencing NNN,nornicotine,nicotine and total alkaloids contents.When planting Eyan3LC variety,the content of TSNAs were lower,nitrogen application rate was the main influencing factor of the contents of burley tobacco NAT,NAB,TSNAs,nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen,while the contents of TSNAs increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate;the contents of TSNAs with different BSM treatments were different,and TSNAs contents with 0.30 μmol · L-1 BSM treatment after topping were lower.In conclusion,in the Enshi area,the content of TSNAs in the middle leaves of burley tobacco can be effectively reduced by using Eyan3LC,nitrogen application rate of 210 kg · hm-2 and 0.30μmol · L-1 BSM,and the conventional chemical components were well coordinated with good appearance quality and sensory quality.The results of this study provide a technical reference for the production of high quality burley tobacco.

随着社会的发展和生活水平的日益提高,作为特殊消费品的烟叶其质量与安全问题也得到越来越多人的关注,有机烟叶的研究和生产亟待开展和推广.在地理条件和气候条件优越的恩施烟区,开展有机烟叶生产有着得天独厚的条件,同时探讨有机烟叶生产的条件和模式也是现代烟草农业发展的必然要求,是实现烟草产业持续、高效发展的不可或缺的组成部分.介绍了有机烟叶的生产现状和生产体系要求,分析其发展前景和优势,以供参考.

Through field tests,the influence of slow-release IAA after topping on yield,quality and chemical components of burley tobacco was tested.The results showed that IAA slowly released through gel cap or absorbent cotton could significant promote the growth of burley tobacco in maturing stage.And it was helpful for improving yield and quality of burley tobacco.In upper leaves,the nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased while potassium content was increased.In addition,chemical components were more appropriate and smoking quality was improved.Treatment with absorbent cotton was more effective than gel cap.

In Hubei Province in China, About 15%-40% yield of Burley tobacco losses caused by mildew during air-curing period for High humidity and low temperature. In this paper, active solar utility system was first applied to condition temperature and humidity in the air-curing process. Forced convection solar collectors, natural convection solar collectors and air circulates system were applied in the solar Burley barns. The results showed that: The cost of the system was about 1226 ¥ per drying barn, but it could quickly increase the temperature and reduce the relative humidity of the barn, and the quality and yield were raised. The collector efficiency was about 18.8-24.9%. The average temperature of barn could be improved to 3-4 °Ceven in rainy days. The quality of upper and middle tobacco was enhanced by 11% to 13%; Yields increased by 18% to 23%; The income per acre added 371-392¥; the average income of tobacco increased from 10.49 to 10.87 ¥ per kilograms .

Eyan 211,approved by National Tobacco Variety Approval Committee in December,2011,is a new burley tobacco variety,hybrid with MSBuley21 as maternal and Kentucky16 as paternal.Eyan 211 is a mid variety with stable genetic character,strong in grow vigor,negative detection of GM.Its main economic attributes is better than those of the control variety Eyan 1.Its leaf quality is as good as that of Eyan 1.Its comprehensive resistance,including good resistance to TMV,moderate resistance to tobacco black shank,moderate susceptibility to root-knot nematodes,being susceptible to alternaria alternata,is equivalent to Eyan 1.It is suitable for planting in major burley tobacco production area in China,including Hubei and Chongqing,with good yield,resistance,good quality,and wide adaptability.

Seven Burley tobacco varieties 99P211,OB122,9026,2126,22081,2406 and the contrast Eyan 1 were tested.The results showed that the production and value of 9026 was the best,good leave appearance and anti-Hollow stalk.2126 was good production and value,anti-Hollow stalk strongly,but its leave appearance was a little worse than the contrast's.2406 was good production and value,but worse leave appearance to the contrast and heavy incidence of Hollow stalk.22081,OB122,leave appearance near the control,but worse production and value to the contrast,bad anti-Hollow stalk.99P211 good leave appearance,but obviously lower production and value to the control and heavy incidence of Hollow stalk.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of tobacco, which belongs to the field of crop planting method. The cultivation method comprises specification and arrangement method of ridges of a tobacco cultivation land, and a transplanting method of tobacco plants; and the cultivation method is characterized in that high and low soil ridges are arranged at specified intervals, low ridges are arranged at two sides of each high ridge, and high ridges are arranged at two sides of each low ridge. The transplanting of tobacco plants is as follows: the tobacco plants are planted in a staggering way at two sides of the surface vertical axes of the high and low ridges with equal distance to the axes, the axial distances between the staggeringly planted adjacent tobacco plants are the same, and the tobacco plants are distributed in a wave mode on the surfaces of the high and low ridges which are arranged at intervals. Compared with the traditional cultivation method, the cultivation method disclosed by the invention enables the plant spacing to be increased by 4 to 14 centimeters, the net photosynthetic rate of tobacco growing stage is improved by 5 to 70 percent, the tobacco yield is increased by 10 to 30 percent, the quality of tobacco leaf is remarkably improved, and the harmful component TSNAs of tobacco is reduced by 5 to 30 percent so that the industrial usability of the raw tobacco material can be greatly improved.

Effects and mechanism of different ridge heights and cover practices on yield and quality of burley tobacco and effects of several integrative cultivation practices on soil nitrification and denitrification and on root development,nicotine concentration,and tobacco yield were studied.Results showed that 10cm ridge and film-covering can enhance intensity of nitrification during rosette stage,while reduce intensity of denitrification before rosette stage and after fast growing period,which were useful for promoting nitrogen supply during early stage and reducing denitrificational loss of soil nitrogen.Film-covering was more beneficial for root development compared with non-film-covering.Among the four treatments of ridge height,10cm ridge was more propitious to the generation of adventitious roots and ramification of superior roots,which formed more harmonious distribution of root in soil.Nicotine concentration in leaf increased with increased ridge height,and film-covering.Compared with non-film-covering,film-covering resulted in higher leaf yield,production value,leaf price,and the percent of good quality leaf.Among the four ridge heights under film-covering,10cm ridge resulted the best leaf yield and production value.As far as nicotine concentration and leaf yield are concerned,10cm ridge and film-covering is the optimum integrated cultivation model for higher leaf yield and quality.

The equipment to control temperature and humidity in burley tobacco air-curing barns were studied to solve the problem of barn rot during air-curing processes at high altitude districts. The results indicated that at high altitude districts, the proper relative humidity in air-curing barns could be reached by raising temperature and ventilation through building and using stoves and flues, which improved smoking quality, aroma, flavor and irritation of leaves, increased high grade leaves by 14.61% and middle grade leaves by 8.01%, and also increased yield by 23.96%, production value by 4 874.10 yuan/ha .

The Burley tobacco,HubeiT3,a male-sterile hybrid seed from mother MSTN86 and father LAB21 was bred in 1998.The results of experiments during 1999-2004 showed that HubeiT3 characterized a cylindrical plant shape with evenly spaced yellowish green oval leaves,topped height of 127.1cm,22-24 available leaves, vigorously grew in field during growing period around 90 days,relatively high resistance to disease and good adaptability.The average yield,output value and price were 2380.2kg/ha,12462.18 RMB yuan/ha and 5.26 RMB yuan/kg,respectively; and the percentage of high grade leaves was 20.47%;which were higher than those of the contrast,cv.HubeiT1.The cured leaf of HubeiT3 was reddish brown,bright and clear,possessed good elasticity and open structure;whose(apparent) quality was better than that of HubeiT1.The nicotine content and ratio of N and nicotine in HubeiT3 was(4.19%) and 0.99 in upper leaves and 3.50% and 0.98 in middle leaves, respectively.With relatively distinct style of burley tobacco,higher flavor quality,amplitude and concentration,moderate strength,and harmonious chemical constituents,the smoking quality of HubeiT3 was superior to HubeiT1.

介绍了马拉维、赞比亚的白肋烟生产技术状况，包括两国的土壤、气候、耕作制度、烟叶生产配套技术、调制设备、生产管理及市场销售等。两国白肋烟生产技术的主要特点是实施统一供种，统一集中育苗，烟苗适时带水移栽，合理施肥，打顶除芽，逐片叶成熟采收，并对我国白肋烟生产技术提出了建议。