在"互联网+"的大数据时代,新媒体对学术期刊的传播和推广起到了重要的促进作用.随着5G技术的应用,线下内容搬到线上服务广泛开展,开放获取已是大势所趋;基于移动端的智能化、个性化,知识服务模式不断成为主流,新一代知识服务模式已经开启.本文主要围绕学术期刊面临的现状,分析其与新媒体融合发展的探索与实践,结合当下探讨学术期刊转型及其与新媒体融合发展的创新,提出学术期刊不仅要将创意、技术和学术推向一体化融合,还要坚持内容为王、以人为本,抓住新兴技术下的全新机遇,促进媒体融合的深度发展.

Objective:To detect the differences of professional commitment and career maturity of medical English majors from different sources, and analyze the correlation between them.Methods:In November 2018, 206 four-year students from freshmen to senior of medical English majors in Xinxiang Medical University were selected as the subjects of this study. Questionnaires of College Students' Professional Commitment Scale and College Students' Career Maturity Scale were conducted to observe the potential difference of professional commitment and career maturity in gender, grade, one child family or not, urban or rural areas, whether adjusting majors and changing majors or not, and to analyze the correlation between them.Results:The scores of professional commitment from freshmen to senior were (3.33±0.44), (3.23±0.27), (3.14±0.47), (3.30±0.43), respectively. There was no significant difference in professional commitment and career maturity among Medical English majors students in terms of gender, one child family or not, urban or rural areas, whether changing majors or not (all P>0.05), however, there was significant difference in adjusting majors or not [(3.26±0.48)vs (3.45±0.46), P<0.01]. There was no significant difference in professional commitment among different grades ( F=0.403, P=0.751), but there was significant difference in career maturity ( F=2.679, P=0.048). Apart from the negative correlation ( r=-0.093, P=0.184)between continuing commitment and career maturity, emotional commitment, ideal commitment and normative commitment of professional commitment were positively correlated with career maturity (respectively: r=0.271, P<0.01; r=0.368, P<0.01; r=0.167, P=0.017). Conclusions:Medical English undergraduates' professional commitment and career maturity show their own characteristics in different people. Colleges and universities should give targeted education and guidance, in order to train professionals better.

目的应用生长素诱导的蛋白敲减（AID）系统调控刚地弓形虫Chinese 1虫株中荧光蛋白的表达。方法人工合成3′端融合有标签FLAG的植物生长素受体——运输抑制剂响应蛋白1 （TIR1）的核苷酸序列TIR1-FLAG,将其连接至pTub-e GFP-CAT载体中,构建pTub-TIR1-FLAG-CAT表达质粒;表达质粒经电穿孔转染至弓形虫Chinese 1虫株TgCtwh3,经氯霉素筛选和极限稀释后筛选单克隆虫株。PCR扩增及蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blotting）检测单克隆虫株中TIR1基因的插入和相应蛋白的表达,将验证正确的阳性克隆命名为TIR1虫株。构建表达荧光蛋白mCherry-Ty-AID报告基因的表达质粒pTub-mCherry-Ty-AID-DHFR,并通过电穿孔转染将其整合至TIR1虫株基因组中,乙胺嘧啶筛选后极限稀释筛选获得稳定表达mCherry-AID的虫株,命名为TIR1:m Cherry-AID虫株。将TIR1:mCherry-AID虫株的虫体分为吲哚乙酸（IAA）调控组和对照组,IAA调控组加IAA至终浓度500μmol/L,对照组加等量乙醇,培养3 h后,分别以抗TgGAP45和抗Ty-1抗体为一抗,间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和Western blotting分析IAA调控下mCherry荧光蛋白的表达情况。结果 PCR扩增结果显示,在1 816 bp处有一条特异性扩增条带。Western blotting分析结果显示,抗FLAG-Tag抗体可识别TIR1虫株中相对分子质量（Mr）约70 000的蛋白;Ty-1抗体可在TIR1:mCherry-AID虫株的对照组中检测到约Mr58 000的特异性条带,与理论上C端融合了AID的mCherry-Ty蛋白大小相同;在IAA调控组中未检测到特异性条带。IFA结果显示,TIR1:mCherry-AID虫株对照组可见红色荧光蛋白,IAA调控组未检测到mCherry蛋白。结论应用AID系统可成功调控弓形虫Chinses 1虫株中mCherry荧光蛋白的表达。

Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. However, the underlying mechanism of IBS is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanism and novel biomarkers of IBS through evaluation of the metabolomic and microbiologic profile. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 15 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 15 healthy controls. By using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, fecal metabolites and microbiota of healthy controls and the IBS patients were measured. Results: IBS patients had a significantly differential metabolite profile as compared to healthy controls, and 4 clusters with 31 metabolites, including a group of amino acids and fatty acids, were significantly up-regulated as compared to the healthy controls. In addition, 19 microbes were significantly up-regulated, and 12 microbes were down-regulated in the IBS group, when compared with the healthy controls. Some clusters of fecal metabolites or microorganisms were significantly correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms, such as the frequency of abdominal pain/ discomfort and the number of bowel movements. Correlation of the metabolite levels with abundances of microbial genera showed some statistically significant metabolite-microbe associations. Four differentially abundant amino acids clustered together were positively correlated with some microbes, including Lachnospira, Clostridium and so on. Conclusion: The finding of this study puts a global perspective on metabolomics and microbiota profiling in IBS patients and provides a theoretical basis for future research on pathophysiology of IBS.

目的 通过pET-41 Ek/LIC载体在大肠杆菌工程菌中重组表达恶性疟原虫自噬相关蛋白8(PfAtg8)基因的重组蛋白GST-PfAtg8-6× His,并用蛋白免疫法制备小鼠抗自噬相关蛋白8(PfAtg8)的多克隆抗体,并验证其效价.方法 体外培养恶性疟原虫3D7株,并提取DNA,PCR扩增PfAtg8序列全长,与pET-41 Ek/LIC载体通过基因重组直接连接,在大肠杆菌RosettaTM(DE3) PLysS工程菌中诱导表达重组蛋白GST-PfAtg8-6×His,蛋白免疫法制备鼠抗PfAtg8的多克隆抗体并用Western blots和酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)进行效价验证.结果 PCR扩增PfAtg8基因并插入pET-41 Ek/LIC载体,转化入大肠杆菌.诱导表达并纯化重组蛋白,进而利用该蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,经验证该抗体可对重组蛋白进行特异性识别,且效价可达1:100000.结论 成功表达、纯化了GST-PfAtg8-6×His重组蛋白,并免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体血清.

目的 鉴定刚地弓形虫假定蛋白TGGT1_310420在速殖子阶段的功能及其蛋白N端序列的亚细胞定位作用. 方法 在线设计针对TGGT1 310420的sgRNA,通过定点突变弓形虫CRISPR/Cas9载体pSAG1::CAS9-GFP-U6::sgUPRT上的sgRNA序列获得针对TGGT1_310420的CRISPR/Cas9载体.利用CRISPR/Cas9编辑技术将含有荧光蛋白mCherry和弓形虫次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HXGPRT)的PCR片段mCherry-Ty_HXGPRT插入至TGGT1_310420内源基因编码N端前20个氨基酸残基之后.通过PCR鉴定片段是否正确插入;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质印迹分析检测融合蛋白的表达情况.间接免疫荧光分析和共聚焦显微镜观察融合蛋白亚细胞定位;空斑实验检测基因缺失株虫体表型的变化. 结果 PCR和测序结果显示,成功构建了针对TGGT1_310420的CRISPR/Cas9载体,mCherry-Ty_HXGPRT序列定点插入至靶点位置.蛋白质印迹分析结果显示,mCherry融合蛋白的相对分子质量(Mr)约为36 000;间接免疫荧光实验表明mCherry融合蛋白与弓形虫滑行相关蛋白45(TgGAP45)共定位于虫体的表膜.空斑实验检测结果显示,TrGGT1 _310420的缺失并未引起虫体出现可测的表型变化. 结论 TGGT1_310420编码蛋白前20个氨基酸残基序列具有定位到弓形虫表膜的功能,TGGT1_310420在弓形虫速殖子阶段为非必需基因.

目的 原核表达弓形虫TgPRF蛋白,制备多克隆抗体并评价其作为内参抗体的可行性.方法 以刚地弓形虫RH株速殖子cDNA为模板,PCR扩增TgPRF编码基因,克隆至pGEX-4T-1载体,转化至大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coliB L21.经IPTG诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白表达情况.利用GST标签亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白.以纯化后蛋白为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备抗TgPRF多克隆抗体.收集弓形虫RH株速殖子,以制备的多克隆抗体为一抗,Western blotting检测抗体特异性及效价.收集ATc调控下不同时间点的弓形虫iKO-Ty-TgAPH虫株速殖子进行Western blotting,以抗Ty和抗TgPRF抗体为一抗,检测TgAPH和TgPRF表达量的变化.结果 SDS-PAGE显示:TgPRF在诱导4h后表达量趋于饱和,相对分子量为52 ku,且呈可溶性表达.弓形虫RH株速殖子总蛋白进行的Western blotting显示:抗TgPRF多克隆抗体可识别内源性的TgPRF,且该多克隆抗体稀释至1∶10 000时仍可见明显条带;iKO-Ty-TgAPH虫株速殖子总蛋白进行的Western blotting显示:TgAPH的表达量随ATc作用时间的增加呈递减趋势,而TgPRF表达量基本维持恒定.结论 本实验制备的抗TgPRF多克隆抗体特异性和效价良好,可作为衡量弓形虫特定蛋白表达量的内参抗体,也可直接检测内源性TgPRF的表达.

Background Only a paucity of large-scale perspective and cross-sectional studies on H. pylori infection in China have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for H. pylori infection among residents of Jidong community located in Hebei Province of China. Methods A perspective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Jidong community. Questionnaires and 13 C-urea breath test were performed, and 10-ml blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests. Results Four thousand seven hundred ninety-six subjects were enrolled in this study, and 2506 (52.25%) were H. pylori positive. There was no difference in prevalence between both sexes ( P = 0.5974). Age ( P = 0.004) and education level ( P = 0.0128) were significantly associated with H. pylori infection, and there were statistical trends in the prevalence across five age subgroups (χ 2 test for trend = 23.5; P < 0.001) and education levels (χ 2 test for trend = 19.50; P < 0.001). H. pylori infection was also associated with marital status ( P = 0.0243), source of drinking water ( P = 0.0433), frequency of eating raw garlic ( P = 0.0310), alcohol drinking ( P = 0.0207), knowledge about H. pylori transmission route ( P = 0.0125) and related diseases ( P = 0.0257). Age, alcohol drinking and knowledge about transmission route were found to be independent predictors of H. pylori infection. Conclusions More than half of the population was infected with H. pylori in Jidong community. The socio-demographic profiles, socio-economic factors and lifestyle are worthy taking into consideration to prevent diseases associated with H. pylori infection. Understanding the prevalence and risk patterns for H. pylori infection in China will help in prioritizing public health efforts to better manage the H. pylori infection.

Background: Biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) identification with high sensitivity are not well established. Since abnormal expression of cadherins has been widely reported in cancer, we explored its feasibility as an ESCC biomarker. Methods: Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin were detected in 150 esophageal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Staining strength and percentage in different subcellular structures of each specimen were evaluated by 2 independent pathologists. A logistic regression-based classifier derived from E-cadherin and N-cadherin staining was generated. Results: E-cadherin exhibited decreased membrane expression in ESCC, while N-cadherin exhibited decreased expression in the nucleus but elevated expression in the cytoplasm. Both E-cadherin and N-cadherin could distinguish ESCC tissues from non-cancerous tissues (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.748, 0.801, respectively). E-cadherin and N-cadherin staining scores could be merged into a cadherin (CDH) logistic index, which showed better discrimination (AUC = 0.909) than E-cadherin or N-cadherin alone. Further investigation indicated that the CDH logistic index was significantly correlated with tumor size and differentiation in ESCC. Conclusion: Both E-cadherin and N-cadherin had a strong expression shift in ESCC compared with non-cancerous tissues. The CDH logistic index, a parameter integrating the expression data of both cadherins, could be used as a marker with high sensitivity and specificity in the identification of ESCC.

自噬(autophagy)是一种十分保守且普遍存在于真核细胞的代谢途径.虽然原生生物的自噬具有很多特殊性,但随着近年来对酵母和哺乳动物自噬机制的深入研究,顶复门原虫(Apicomplexa)的代表性生物疟原虫(Plasmodium)和弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)的自噬研究也取得了一定进展.疟原虫和弓形虫能够进行经典的自噬代谢,也涉及一种和顶质体相关的非典型代谢机制.在顶复门原虫中也发现了许多经典的自噬相关蛋白,其在自噬代谢途径中的功能和分子机制受到广泛关注.本文重点对疟原虫和弓形虫的自噬研究进展进行综述.

顶复门原虫,包括疟原虫和弓形虫等,具有一个名为滑行体的特殊运动结构专职于虫体的运动、入侵和从感染的细胞中逸出.虫体的滑行运动遵从严格的时空调控,以确保感染的建立.在多种肌动球蛋白的共同作用下,滑行体某些结构将虫体内的能量进行转化,使虫体能够改变运动方向,定向运动至有利于入侵的位置.滑行体依附于虫体的细胞骨架,并通过与虫体分泌的黏附分子与宿主膜表面受体形成紧密结合,在虫体和宿主细胞之间形成一条方便虫体入侵的“通道”,确保入侵的顺利进行.本综述将介绍滑行体的分子组成,虫体的多种分泌蛋白(微线体蛋白和棒状体蛋白)与滑行体之间的关系,本文还介绍了近些年来国内外在入侵和逸出相关的信号通路领域的研究进展.此外,对顶复门原虫运动机制领域研究中的未解难题进行了总结.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is associated with psychological stress. However, the full landscape of IBS‑related epigenetic factors remains unveiled and needs to be elucidated. The water‑avoidance stress (WAS) method was used to induce a rat IBS model. Each rat was monitored, and its defecation and behavior were recorded. Total colon RNA was isolated and subjected to Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. Reduced Representation Bisulfate Sequencing (RRBS) was applied to determine the genome‑wide methylation pattern in both IBS and control rats. Rats with IBS egested a significantly increased amount of dry and loose stools compared with the control animals, without significant changes in body weight. Compared with the control group, 309 genes were upregulated and 224 genes were downregulated in the colon of the IBS rats. Notch signaling and focal adhesion were increased in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 541 genes had significant lower methylation level and 626 genes had significantly higher methylation level in their promoter regions. Adherens junction and leukocyte transendothelial migration were enriched in the differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Few genes were identified in common in both DEGs and DMGs, suggesting that gene expression was not altered by promoter methylation. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation revealed that the mRNA levels of SSX2IP, PARD3 and VCL were significantly downregulated in the IBS group, in accordance with hypermethylation of their promoters. In summary, the present study used a WAS‑induced IBS rat model to provide transcriptome and methylome profiling. Most DEGs were associated with Notch signaling and focal adhesion, and only a few were altered by promoter methylation. The present results demonstrated that psychological stress could influence the integrity of the intestinal mucosa barrier and regulate inflammatory response.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors with the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prospectively. Patients and methods We analyzed 25 278 (21 433 men and 11 895 women) participants in the study. Participants were divided into four categories according to the number of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors: 0–2, 3, 4, and 5–7 groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results After adjustment for confounding factors, the multivariate logistic regression model showed that the risk of NAFLD among the groups with 3, 4, 5–7 ideal factors was lower than the 0–2 group; after adjustment for age, sex, income, education level, and other confounders, the odds ratios were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68–0.80), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.45–0.53), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.33–0.41), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of NAFLD decreased gradually with increasing ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors.

The life cycle of Plasmodium has a lot of stages including gametocytes,schizont,trophozoite.It should be parasitic in a variety of types of host cells can complete a life cycle.In different life stages,Plasmodium shows significant phenotypic differences,and when faces the changes in the living environment,its gene expression can be very accurate to respond.In recent years,many studies have shown that no matter the conversion of these life stages,or to adapt to the host environment,its epigenetic regulation has played an important role.The study of epigenetics in Plasmodium opens a new area of investigation to further understand the interaction mechanism of parasite and host,and is of great significance on the prevention and treatment of malaria.We reviewed the current progress in the research of Plasmodium epigenetics from histone modification,DNA/methylation and non coding RNA editing.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by Taeniasolium is one of the most common parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. Inflammation and apoptosis are two main responses involved in NCC pathogenesis. We aimed to examine apoptosis by the TUNEL assay and apoptosis-associated sFas and sFasL levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with NCC. Brain biopsy (n = 1), CSF (n = 14), and serum (n = 36) of patients with NCC and uninfected controls (n = 14 and 24 for CSF and serum, respectively) were collected together with clinical data. Residual brain tissue was analyzed by the TUNEL assay. sFas and sFasL in CSF samples and sFas, sFasL, and p53 in serum samples were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry of the biopsy indicated the presence of vimentin-positive arachnoid tissue in the TUNEL-positive region. Compared to controls, sFas was significantly reduced in CSF samples of patients with NCC (P = 0.018), especially among those without inflammation, but significantly increased in the serum samples of the vesicular(P = 0.011), moderate(P = 0.025), and non-epilepsy(P = 0.049) subgroups of patients with NCC. sFasL was elevated in the CSF (P < 0.0001), as well as in the calcified subgroup (P = 0.031), but sFasL levels in CSF were similar among patients with NCC with and without inflammation. These findings support a role of sFas and sFasL in the induction of apoptosis in patients with NCC, with sFas probably being involved in the inflammation phase of NCC and depending on host factors such as parasite stage, disease severity, and symptoms, and sFasL being involved in the inflammation, non-inflammation, and calcification phase of the disease.

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological trend of leprosy and determine the delay in diagnosis of new cases in Beijing, China from 1990 to 2013. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinic records of 65 leprosy patients registered at Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute (BTMRI) from 1990 to 2013 was conducted to determine the geographic distribution of the cases, disease presentation and the time elapsing between first symptoms and confirmed diagnosis. Results: All the cases had migrated from 18 provinces or autonomous regions and were now living in Beijing. Multibacillary leprosy (MB), seen in 50 patients (77%), was far more frequent than paucibacillary leprosy (PB), which occurred in 15 (23%). By the Ridley Jopling criteria these included 30 patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL, 46%), 17 with borderline lepromatous leprosy (BL, 26%), three with borderline leprosy (BB, 5%), nine with borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT, 14%), and six with tuberculoid leprosy (TT, 9%). The mean delay from the onset of symptoms to the final diagnosis was 181.5 months for TT, 50.2 months for BT, 44.0 months for BB, 510 months for BL and 57.9 months for LL. Conclusion: Although China eliminated leprosy as a public health concern in 2007, we noted annual increases in the number of cases detected in Beijing between 1990 and 2013. All of the patients had migrated to Beijing and reported that the time required to confirm leprosy was very long and initial misdiagnosis was frequent.

In the current situation of dramatic reduction in the prevalence of leprosy, lepra reactions (LRs) continue to be a major and persistent problem. Type 1 LRs and type 2 LRs are the main causes of nerve damage and permanent disabilities. In recent years, immunopathology of LRs has become an important research field, and it may provide the valuable targets for the early detection and control of LRs. There are no extensively accepted laboratory markers for LRs, therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in LRs may provide a reasonable strategy for early diagnosis and prevention of devastating consequences of LRs.

脑囊虫病可能导致患者中枢和外周免疫系统的功能障碍,然而,在个别研究中细胞因子表达特征的结果是相互矛盾的.本研究目的是系统地分析囊尾蚴感染状态下脑囊虫病患者细胞因子表达特征研究结果,整合中枢和外周细胞因子变化的证据.我们进行了一项meta分析,针对脑囊虫病患者中枢及外周细胞因子浓度与对照组比较的研究.该研究纳入14个研究,共518例脑囊虫病和386个对照包括在内.总体而言,干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的浓度(P值=0.0005)和IL-2(P＜0.00001)显著较低,但肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-α) (P＜0.000 01),IL-4(P=0.00001),IL-10(P＜0.00001)和sIL-2R(P＜0.00001)在脑囊尾蚴病的患者显著高于对照组.对IL6和IL-8表达水平在囊虫患者和对照组之间没有显著差异.sIL-2R和IL-6在脑囊虫病患者脑脊液水平显著降低,该结果仅由唯一的一项研究支持.这项分析提示TH1/TH2细胞因子表达失衡可能参与脑囊虫病患者发病机理.

Objective To analyze respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children during 2014 and explore the relationship of infection status with the level of interleukin-4 in serum samples.Methods Totally 150 children with ARI were recruited in this study,and collected throat swabs from them.RSV was identified and differentiated into subgroups A and B by real-time RT-PCR.The total of IL-4 concentration in serum samples was measured by ELISA.Results Out of the 150 samples,32 (21.33％) were positive for RSV.Subtyping for A and B showed that 25 cases were subgroup A and 7 cases were subgroup B.Comparing between RSV infection group and normal control group,the former had higher serum IL-4 level [(328.67 ± 52.96) ng/L vs.(217.34 ± 51.21) ng/L,P ＜ 0.01],additionally B subgroup presented higher concentration than A subgroup [(371.09 ± 61.96)ng/L vs.(316.80 ± 44.63) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].Analysis of clinical data indicated that infection of B subgroup probable caused more serious wheeze symptoms than that by subgroup A.Conclusions Infection of RSV subtype A was predominant in Oct.2014 to Mar.2015.Level of serum IL-4 was increased statistical significantly after RSV infection.Furthermore,infection of subtype B might cause more severe illness.