PURPOSE:One of the alternative splicing variants of retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR), RGR-d, is recognized as a misfolded protein. With or without inhibition of the proteasome system, RGR-d has a cytotoxic effect on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. RGR-d mutant mice exhibit age-related macular degeneration-like pathologic changes. However, humans with RGR-d likely express both wild-type and splice variant forms. In this study, we investigate the protective influence of the co-expression of RGR and RGR-d protein in RPE cells. METHODS:ARPE-19 cells overexpressing both RGR and RGR-d were treated with or without MG132. The protein-protein interaction, ubiquitination, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy flux, and subcellular localization were explored. Aged RGR-d mice were subjected to ocular examination. RESULTS:We confirm that RGR binds RGR-d in RPE cells and decreases the polyubiquitin of RGR-d. Formation of the RGR/RGR-d complex could assist RGR-d in correctly folding on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ameliorate ER stress and autophagy inhibition that were induced by misfolded RGR-d protein. The complexes highly colocalize with Golgi apparatus and maintain its typical morphology, avoiding degradation by lysosomes. We observed that RGR-d mice exhibited AMD-like subretinal hyper-reflective deposits on fundus examination. CONCLUSIONS:We have identified a fundamental mechanism in which RGR-opsin binds its splice variant, RGR-d, to form a protective complex that alleviates cytotoxicity to RPE. This discovery is significant as it reveals a previously unknown endogenous defense against proteotoxicity in the retina. Targeting the RGR-d may represent a novel and highly promising intervention for the protein-misfolding pathology of dry age-related macular degeneration.

Background/objectiveGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a multifunctional stress-responsive cytokine widely involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and microvascular injury. Its expression profile in the local intraocular microenvironment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) remains unclear. This study aimed to detect GDF15 levels in aqueous humor (AH) and vitreous humor (VH) of PDR patients, analyze its differential expression, and provide preliminary evidence for understanding the intraocular expression pattern of GDF15 in PDR.MethodsGDF15 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in AH and VH samples from PDR patients and compared with those in AH from age-related cataract patients and VH from patients with macular hole or epiretinal membrane.ResultsGDF15 levels in AH of PDR patients were significantly higher than those in cataract controls; GDF15 levels in VH of PDR patients were markedly higher than those in macular hole/epiretinal membrane controls. An exploratory comparison between AH and VH samples from independent PDR patient cohorts showed higher GDF15 levels in VH than in AH.ConclusionGDF15 expression is significantly upregulated in AH and VH of PDR patients, with a potential difference between ocular fluid compartments, suggesting an association between intraocular GDF15 upregulation and PDR. These findings provide preliminary evidence for further investigation of GDF15-related inflammatory and stress responses in the local intraocular microenvironment of PDR.

Background/Objective: Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy (DON) is a severe complication of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) leading to irreversible visual impairment. Its pathogenesis remains unclear, and early predictive tools are lacking. The study aims to investigate peripheral immune characteristics associated with DON, focusing on the IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs axis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 37 TED patients, including DON (n = 22) and non-DON (n = 15) groups. Peripheral blood immune cell subsets were quantified using flow cytometry. Clinical data and peripheral blood immune indicators including T cell subsets, B cell subsets, T helper (Th) cell subsets, and regulatory T (Treg) cells populations were analyzed. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate associations between immune indicators and DON. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the discriminatory performance of candidate variables and exploratory combined models. Results: Patients with DON showed higher IL-2+Th1 levels and lower CD4+Tregs levels compared with non-DON patients, along with an increased IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs ratio. Age and clinical activity score also differed significantly between groups. The IL-2+Th1/CD4+Tregs axis showed significant alterations associated with DON. The exploratory logistic regression model combining immune and clinical indicators showed potential discriminatory ability in differentiating DON from non-DON patients. Conclusions: This study identifies an imbalance between IL-2+Th1 and CD4+Tregs as a potential immune signature associated with DON. Integration of immune and clinical features may provide an exploratory framework for risk stratification in TED. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings.

Aim: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) screening is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients. However, the existing RCC detection methods are not suitable for large-scale screening. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) is expected to be a convenient, economical, and non-invasive screening tool for RCC. This study aimed to identify relevant serum miRNAs as diagnostic markers for RCC. Methods: This research included 112 patients with RCC and 112 healthy control individuals, carried out in three distinct phases. The objective was to identify serum miRNAs suitable for RCC diagnosis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, bioinformatics analyses were performed to predict target genes and provide functional annotations. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with RCC highly expressed miR-221-3p and lowly expressed miR-124-3p, let-7b-5p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-302d-3p. After multiple rounds of combination screening, the combination of miR-124-3p, miR-221-3p, and let-7b-5p showed good diagnostic predictability. The diagnostic panel exhibited a 0.838 area under curve (AUC), achieving 75.00% sensitivity and 77.68% specificity. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that combining miR-124-3p, let-7b-5p, and miR-221-3p forms a non-invasive, economical, and remarkably effective diagnostic indicator for patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Background Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common malignant tumor in males and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among men. Early detection is essential for improving outcomes. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for PC screening, it suffers from high false positive and false negative rates. Our study aimed to identify a panel of serum mature microRNAs (miRNAs) for PC diagnosis. Methods We conducted a PubMed search to identify candidate mature miRNAs associated with PC. We then used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the expression profiles of these mature miRNAs in serum samples from 112 PC patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs). We selected mature miRNAs with favorable diagnostic potential by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Subsequently, we developed a highly diagnostically efficient panel of three mature miRNAs using stepwise logistic regression based on their expression levels. Results We identified three mature miRNAs (hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, and hsa-miR-148b-3p) with significant diagnostic value, constructing a panel with an AUC of 0.891, sensitivity of 84.15%, and specificity of 80.49%. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed LDB3 and RBMS3 as potential therapeutic targets for PC. Conclusions Our study introduces a novel diagnostic approach by identifying a panel of three mature miRNAs (hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, and hsa-miR-148b-3p) as novel and non-intrusive biomarkers for PC

Purpose:To evaluate the impact of choroidal detachment on short-term surgical outcomes in highly myopic macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) and to discern the risk factors associated with macular hole (MH) closure. Methods:A retrospective analysis was carried out on 104 highly myopic MHRD eyes that underwent vitrectomy and intraocular tamponade. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of preoperative choroidal detachment. Demographic data, preoperative ocular parameters, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for MH closure. Results:No significant differences were observed in age or disease duration between groups. Preoperative visual acuity was inferior in the choroidal detachment group (2.19 ± 0.70 LogMAR vs. 1.78 ± 0.60 LogMAR, p = 0.013), and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly lower (9.05 ± 3.73 mmHg vs. 13.18 ± 4.15 mmHg, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, the choroidal detachment group demonstrated worse vision outcome (1.52 ± 0.49 LogMAR vs. 1.22 ± 0.38 LogMAR, p = 0.004) and a substantially higher rate of rescue therapy (28.6% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.002). The rate of MH closure was comparable between groups (41.0% vs. 42.9%, p = 1.000). Logistic regression identified advanced age (β = 0.099, p = 0.001) and lower preoperative IOP (β = -0.132, p = 0.031) as favorable factors for MH closure. Conclusion:Choroidal detachment exerts an adverse impact on postoperative visual acuity and is associated with a significantly higher rate of rescue surgical intervention. Younger age and higher preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) may impede MH closure.

This study retrospectively analyzed medical records of 354 epiretinal membrane (ERM) eyes of 339 patients with 6-month postoperative follow-up to investigate the correlation between ectopic foveal inner layer (EIFL) and the EIFL-based ERM staging system with the anatomical and functional prognosis post pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with cataract surgery. Our results showed preoperative ERM stage (tau-b = 0.196, P < 0.001), disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) severity (tau-b = 0.248, P < 0.001), central foveal thickness (CFT) (R = 0.387, P < 0.001) and EIFL thickness (R = 0.315, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6-month follow-up. Preoperative ERM stage (tau-b = 0.285, P < 0.001) and DRIL severity (tau-b = 0.239, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with CFT at 6-month follow-up. No significant correlation was found between ERM staging (P = 0.054) with macular edema (ME) resolution at 6 months. More advanced ERM stage (R = 0.494, P < 0.001) and DRIL severity (R = 0.379, P = 0.005) were significantly correlated with persistent newly onset ME at 6 months. Our findings showed that ERM staging based on EIFL could be a simple and intuitive way to predict the short-term functional and anatomical outcomes post-PPV.

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has unique epidemiological characteristics. Screening for this currently lacks a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive method. Serum microRNA (miRNA), which is stable and commonly present, has the potential to serve as a novel marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis. Objectives This study aims to find a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis. Methods This study, involving 52 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 56 healthy controls, was conducted in two phases to identify miRNAs in the serum suitable for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was then used to identify a miRNA panel with high diagnostic efficiency. Additionally, we used bioinformatic analysis to explore the potential biological functions of the crucial miRNAs. Results A three-miRNA panel (miR-148b-3p, miR-10b-5p, and miR-18a-5p) has a high diagnostic value for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (area under the curve = 0.872; 95% confidence interval: 0.793–0.928; sensitivity = 78.57%; specificity = 86.54%). Through bioinformatics analysis we found that CC2D2B, PCDH9, and FOXP1 may be potential target genes of these three miRNAs. Conclusion This three-miRNA panel (miR-148b-3p, miR-10b-5p, and miR-18a-5p) represents a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive biomarker for diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide with late detection and early age of diagnosis. There is abundant evidence that early detection and timely intervention can lead to a better prognosis of BC. Substantial evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are specific to different tumour types and are remarkably stable, indicating that serum miRNAs may serve as potential cancer diagnostic markers. This study aimed to identify suitable serum miRNAs to create a panel that can be used to diagnose primary BC. Methods: In this study, 18 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in BC were obtained from the PubMed or Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then, 18 BC-related-miRNAs were verified in screening and validation sets created using 56 (28 primary BC vs. 28 NCs) and 168 (84 primary BC vs. 84 NCs) serum samples, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the identity of the differential miRNAs. A multi-miRNA panel with superior diagnostic performance was constructed. TCGA and KEGG databases were used to conduct the survival analysis and bioinformatics analysis, respectively. Results: Six serum miRNAs (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-222-3p, and miR-197-3p) were significantly aberrantly expressed in the BC patients, while four miRNAs from among them (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-222-3p) were assembled into a panel that showed high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.875, 95% CI: 0.815 - 0.921; sensitivity: 82.14%; and specificity: 85.71%) based on the logistic regression analysis. The survival analysis showed that miR-181a-5p was closely associated with BC prognosis (Log-rank p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of the four miRNAs (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-15a-5p and miR-222-3p) may be a novel non-invasive serological biomarker for BC screening.

Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of male cancer mortality and poses a serious threat to men's health worldwide. PSA testing is widely used in prostate cancer screening, but its high false-positive rate leads to unnecessarily high subsequent testing costs, mental anguish and potential physical harm to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a convenient, cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic method to assist in reducing the false-positive rate of PSA screening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum MicroRNA expression in patients with prostate cancer. We selected 10 miRNAs in the literature that were associated with prostate cancer. Afterwards, we measured the expression levels of these miRNAs in serum of 112 prostate cancer patients and healthy controls through a training phase and a validation phase. By plotting receiver operating characteristic curve, the miRNAs with the highest diagnosis value were chosen. Then, a set of miRNAs with the top diagnostic value was identified using stepwise logistic regression. The findings showed that 5 kinds of miRNAs (let-7b-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-144-3p) were abnormally expressed in the serum of prostate cancer patients. The diagnostic panel constructed with these 3 miRNAs including let-7b-5p, miR-15a-5p miR-15b-5p and which have high specificity and sensitivity in detecting prostate cancer (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.899). Our study illustrates the potential of a three-microRNA panel in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, which can help in the early detection of prostate cancer and may even assist in reducing the false-positive rate of PSA screening.

BACKGROUND:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carries significant morbidity and mortality globally with an increasing incidence per year predominantly represented by clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) which accounts for 70-80% of all RCC cases. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) implicate tumor development and progression in epigenetic mechanisms and available profiling of serum miRNAs potentiate them as diagnostic markers for various cancers.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 108 ccRCC patients and 112 normal controls were enrolled. A 3-stage experiment was conducted to identify differentially expressed serum miRNAs in ccRCC and establish a diagnostic miRNAs panel. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis was employed to predict selected miRNAs' target genes, preform functional annotation and explore the roles in ccRCC.RESULTS:MiR-429, miR-10a-5p, miR-154-5p were found to be up-regulated miRNAs. Inversely, miR-27a-3p and miR-221-3p were found to be down-regulated miRNAs. These 5 miRNAs were selected to construct diagnostic panel by backward stepwise logistic regression analysis and ultimately a 3-miRNA panel (miR-429, miR-10a-5p and miR-27a-3p) was established [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.897, sensitivity = 85.0%, specificity = 83.3%].CONCLUSION:The panel of 3-miRNA holds promise as a novel, convenient, and noninvasive diagnostic method for early detection of ccRCC.

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the vitreous humor (VH) of eyes with and without pathologic myopia (PM), providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational study was conducted. VH samples were collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM), macular hole (MH), or myopic retinoschisis (MRS). Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis identified differential protein expression, with validation using ELISA.ResultsThe proteomic profiling revealed significantly higher expressions of tubulin alpha 1a (TUBA1A) and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) in PM groups (MH-PM, MRS-PM) compared to controls (MH, ERM). Conversely, xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1), versican core protein (VCAN), and testican-2 (SPOCK2) expressions were lower in PM. ELISA validation confirmed these findings.ConclusionsOur study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of PM. The differentially expressed proteins EEF1A1, TUBA1A, XYLT1, VCAN, and SPOCK2 may play crucial roles in chorioretinal cell apoptosis, scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and scleral remodeling in PM. These proteins represent potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in PM, highlighting the importance of further investigations to elucidate their functions and underlying mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.

Background Although non-invasive radiological techniques are widely applied in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) diagnosis, more than 50% of KIRCs are detected incidentally during the diagnostic procedures to identify renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Thus, sensitive and accurate KIRC diagnostic methods are required. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify KIRC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods This three-phase study included 224 participants (112 each of patients with KIRC and healthy controls (NCs)). RT-qPCR was used to evaluate miRNA expression in KIRC and NC samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to predict the usefulness of serum miRNAs in KIRC diagnosis. In addition, we performed survival and bioinformatics analyses. Results We found that miR-1-3p, miR-129-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-187-3p, and miR-200a-3p were significantly differentially expressed in patients with KIRC. A panel consisting of three miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-129-5p, and miR-146b-5p) had an AUC of 0.895, ranging from 0.848 to 0.942. In addition, using the GEPIA database, we found that the miRNAs were associated with CREB5 . According to the survival analysis, miR-146b-5p overexpression was indicative of a poorer prognosis in patients with KIRC. Conclusions The identified three-miRNA panel could serve as a non-invasive indicator for KIRC and CREB5 as a potential target gene for KIRC treatment.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting the male life cycle. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are also increasing every year. Detection of MicroRNA expression in serum to diagnose prostate cancer and determine prognosis is a very promising non-invasive modality.Materials and method: A total of 224 study participants were included in our study, including 112 prostate cancer patients and 112 healthy adults. The experiment consisted of three main phases, namely, the screening phase, the testing phase, and the validation phase. The expression levels of serum miRNAs in patients and healthy adults were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic ability, specificity, and sensitivity of the candidate miRNAs.Result: Eventually, three miRNAs most relevant to prostate cancer diagnosis were selected, namely, miR-106b-5p, miR-129-1-3p and miR-381-3p. We used these three miRNAs to construct a diagnostic panel with very high diagnostic potential for prostate cancer, which had an AUC of 0.912 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.858 to 0.950; p < 0.001; sensitivity = 91.67%; specificity = 79.76%]. In addition, the three target genes (DTNA, GJB1, and TRPC4) we searched for are also expected to be used for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.

BACKGROUND Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may function as non-invasive and innovative biomarkers for various cancers. Our study aimed to determine potential miRNAs for prostate cancer screening. METHODS A three-stage study was accomplished to ascertain crucial miRNAs as markers. In the screening stage, we searched PubMed for aberrantly expressed miRNAs relevant to prostate cancer and selected them as candidate miRNAs. In training and validation stages, with serum specimens from 112 prostate cancer patients and 112 healthy controls, expressions of candidate miRNAs were identified through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic capabilities of miRNAs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Bioinformatic analysis was utilized to explore the function of the critical miRNAs. RESULTS Expression of six serum miRNAs (miR-34b-3p, miR-556-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-369-3p, miR-485-3p) were significantly altered in prostate cancer patients contrasted with healthy controls. The optimal combination of critical miRNAs is a three-miRNA panel (miR-34b-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-361-5p) with good diagnostic capability. FLRT2, KIAA1755, LDB3, and NTRK3 were identified as the potential genes targeted by the three-miRNA panel. CONCLUSIONS The three-miRNA panel may perform as an innovative and promising serum marker for prostate cancer screening.

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) stands as the most prevalent form of urogenital cancer. However, there is currently no universally accepted method for predicting the prognosis of RCC. MiRNA holds great potential as a prognostic biomarker for RCC.MethodsA total of 100 cases with complete paraffin specimens and over 5-year follow-up data meeting the requirements were collected. Utilizing the clinical information and follow-up data of the specimens, an information model was developed. The expression levels of eight microRNAs were identified using RT-qPCR. Finally, determine and analyze the clinical application value of these microRNAs as prognostic markers for RCC.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the expression of two types of miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-23a-5p) in RCC tissue, and three types of miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, miR-23a-5p) were found to be linked to the prognosis of RCC. Establish biomarker combinations of miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, and miR-23a-5p to evaluate RCC prognosis.ConclusionThe combination of three microRNA groups (miR-378a-5p, miR-642a-5p, and miR-23a-5p) identified in paraffin section specimens of RCC in this study holds significant potential as biomarkers for assessing RCC prognosis.

BackgroundBladder cancer (BC) is a common tumor worldwide. Screening for BC currently lacks a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive method. Serum microRNA (miRNA), which is stable and commonly present, has the potential to serve as a novel marker for BC diagnosis.Materials & methodsBased on a study involving 112 BC patients and 112 healthy subjects, we conducted this research in three phases to identify applicable microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum for BC diagnosis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A panel with optimal diagnostic value was developed. Additionally, we used bioinformatic analysis to explore the potential biological functions of the crucial miRNAs.ResultsThe diagnostic panel consisted of miR-212-3p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-206, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838, sensitivity of 83.33%, and specificity of 73.81%. Furthermore, ATF3, GJA1, JPH2, MVB12B, RUNX1T1, SLC8A1, SPATA6, and TPM3 may be potential target genes of these three miRNAs.ConclusionWe developed a three-miRNA panel that could serve as a highly efficient and inexpensive biomarker for BC diagnosis and screening.

BACKGROUND:Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may function as non-invasive and innovative biomarkers for various cancers. Our study aimed to determine potential miRNAs for prostate cancer screening.METHODS:A three-stage study was accomplished to ascertain crucial miRNAs as markers. In the screening stage, we searched PubMed for aberrantly expressed miRNAs relevant to prostate cancer and selected them as candidate miRNAs. In training and validation stages, with serum specimens from 112 prostate cancer patients and 112 healthy controls, expressions of candidate miRNAs were identified through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic capabilities of miRNAs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Bioinformatic analysis was utilized to explore the function of the critical miRNAs.RESULTS:Expression of six serum miRNAs (miR-34b-3p, miR-556-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-369-3p, miR-485-3p) were significantly altered in prostate cancer patients contrasted with healthy controls. The optimal combination of critical miRNAs is a three-miRNA panel (miR-34b-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-361-5p) with good diagnostic capability. FLRT2, KIAA1755, LDB3, and NTRK3 were identified as the potential genes targeted by the three-miRNA panel.CONCLUSIONS:The three-miRNA panel may perform as an innovative and promising serum marker for prostate cancer screening.

BackgroundThe visual outcome of open globe injury (OGI)-no light perception (NLP) eyes is unpredictable traditionally. This study aimed to develop a model to predict the visual outcomes of vitrectomy surgery in OGI-NLP eyes using a machine learning algorithm and to provide an interpretable system for the prediction results. MethodsClinical data of 459 OGI-NLP eyes were retrospectively collected from 19 medical centres across China to establish a training data set for developing a model, called 'VisionGo', which can predict the visual outcome of the patients involved and compare with the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). Another 72 cases were retrospectively collected and used for human-machine comparison, and an additional 27 cases were prospectively collected for real-world validation of the model. The SHapley Additive exPlanations method was applied to analyse feature contribution to the model. An online platform was built for real-world application. ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of VisionGo was 0.75 and 0.90 in previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios, which was much higher than the OTS (AUC=0.49). VisionGo showed better performance than ophthalmologists in both previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios (AUC=0.73 vs 0.57 and 0.87 vs 0.64). In real-world validation, VisionGo achieved an AUC of 0.60 and 0.91 in previtrectomy and intravitrectomy application scenarios. Feature contribution analysis indicated that wound length-related indicators, vitreous status and retina-related indicators contributed highly to visual outcomes. ConclusionsVisionGo has achieved an accurate and reliable prediction in visual outcome after vitrectomy for OGI-NLP eyes.