BACKGROUND:In rice production, nitrogen fertilizer plays a crucial role, influencing not only the growth and development process but also the quality and yield of rice. Therefore, studying rational nitrogen application strategies provides a theoretical basis for improving rice yield and quality. A 2-year field experiment was conducted using the rice varieties Tianlongyou 619 and Liaojing 419. The study examined the effects of two nitrogen levels (N1, 160 kg hm-2; N2, 240 kg hm-2) and three nitrogen application modes (T1, basal fertilizer:tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer = 5:4:1; T2, 4:3:3; T3, 3:2:5), along with a control treatment without nitrogen application (N0), on rice grain-filling characteristics and quality. RESULTS:Nitrogen application accelerated the grain-filling rate and intensity. The active grain-filling period of inferior grains for both varieties extended with increasing nitrogen application. Under different treatments, the grain weight during the rapid filling stage was consistently higher in N1 than in N2 for both varieties. The N1T3 treatment reduced the soluble starch synthase content in both varieties, while their starch branching enzyme and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase levels were highest under N1T3. Analysis of starch content during grain filling revealed that starch synthase activity peaked at 15 days, and the starch accumulation rate reached its maximum between 15-20 days after flowering. Delayed nitrogen application improved starch accumulation in superior grains to varying degrees. CONCLUSION:Overall, both varieties achieved superior quality under a nitrogen application rate of 160 kg hm-2 with a fertilizer management ratio of basal:tiller:panicle fertilizer = 3:2:5. In 2022, under N1T3 treatment, Tianlong You 619 and Liaojing 419 achieved taste values of 69.8 and 75.9, and balance degree of 6.6 and 7.57, respectively. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Northern japonica rice holds a significant position in China's food security. However, the traditional nitrogen fertilizer management model (nitrogen application rate > 225 kg/ha, base fertilizer proportion > 50%) has led to serious sustainability problems: the nitrogen utilization rate is only 25-30%, resulting in a large amount of fertilizer waste and economic losses. At the same time, it causes a decline in rice quality, manifested as a 15-20% increase in chalkiness and an 8-12% decrease in palatability value. It has also brought about environmental problems such as soil acidification and eutrophication of water bodies. As an important japonica rice production area, the Liaohe Plain has significant differences in the response of semi-upright and curved panicle varieties to nitrogen fertilizer. However, the agronomic physiological mechanism for the coordinated improvement of yield and quality of japonica rice with different panicle types is still unclear at present, which limits the sustainable development of rice production in this region. For this purpose, in this study, the typical semi-upright spike variety Shendao 47 and the curved spike variety Shendao 11 from the Liaohe Plain were used as materials, and five nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up: N1, no nitrogen application; N2-N4, conventional nitrogen application rate of 165-225 kg/ha; and N5, and optimized nitrogen application rate of 195 kg/ha allocated in the proportion of 40% base fertilizer, 15% tillering fertilizer, 25% tillering fertilizer, 15% panicle fertilizer, and 5% grain fertilizer. The synergistic regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield and rice quality was systematically explored, and the key agronomic physiological mechanisms were analyzed. The research results show that: (1) The optimized nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N5) achieved a significant increase in yield while reducing the input of nitrogen fertilizer. The yields of Shendao 47 and Shendao 11 reached 10.71-11.82 t/ha and 9.50-10.62 t/ha, respectively, increasing by more than 35% compared with the treatment without nitrogen. (2) The N5 treatment simultaneously improved the processing quality (the whole polished rice rate increased by 4.11%) and the appearance quality (the chalkiness decreased by 63.8% to 77%). (3) The dry matter accumulation during the tillering stage (>= 3.2 t/ha) and the net assimilation rate during the scion development stage (>= 12 g/m(2)/d) were identified as key agronomic physiological indicators for regulating the yield-quality synergy. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management ensures an adequate supply of photosynthetic products through the high photosynthetic rate of flag-holding leaves and the extended lifespan of functional leaves. The phased nitrogen application strategy of "40% base fertilizer + 25% tillering fertilizer + 15% panicle fertilizer + 5% grain fertilizer" proposed in this study provides a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable development of japonica rice production in the Liaohe Plain. This plan has achieved the coordinated realization of multiple goals including resource conservation (reducing nitrogen by 13%), environmental protection (lowering the risk of nitrogen loss), food security guarantee (stable increase in yield), and quality improvement (enhancement of rice quality), effectively promoting the development of the northern japonica rice industry towards a green, efficient and sustainable direction. Develop in the right direction.

Rice production has been a primary concern in crop quality breeding. In this study, India japonica variety M494 and indica variety Z9B were used as parents. Hybridization and selfing were conducted to obtain recombinant inbred lines (RILs) as the experimental material. The F3 and F7 populations were analyzed to determine six yield-related traits, including panicle length, effective panicle number, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, yield per plant, and grain density. QTL mapping of rice yield-related traits and tillering angle was performed using the SSR molecular marker linkage map, resulting in the identification of 19 QTLs controlling panicle length, grain number per panicle, effective panicle number, seed setting rate, grain density. Additionally, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between different agronomic traits and rice yield in the F7 population. An optimal regression equation, YYPP = -24.515 + 0.694XPL + 1.273XPN + 0.007XPPG + 18.981XSSR was derived, and it was concluded that SSR was the trait with the greatest impact on YPP, followed by PL.

>Plant architecture is a collection of major agronomic traits that determines rice grain production, and it is mainly influenced by tillering, tiller angle, plant height and panicle morphology(Wang and Li 2006). Tiller angle is one of the critical components that determines rice plant architecture, which in turn influences grain yield mainly due to its large impact on plant density(Wang et al. 2022). Tiller angle plays a key role in the growth and development of various organs within plants and among plants within the population, which influences the canopy structure of rice, thereby affecting plant morphology and the photosynthetic efficiency of rice leaves, and ultimately impacts the yield of rice(Wei et al. 2022).

为探讨灌溉模式与施氮方式对水稻产量及干物质积累的影响,以辽宁省主栽水稻品种沈稻 47 为试材开展田间试验.试验设淹水灌溉(W1)和干湿交替灌溉(W2)2 种灌溉模式,施氮量为 200 kg/hm2,根据不同时期施氮比例分为 3 种施氮方式:基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2(F1)、基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶5∶1(F2)、基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶3(F3).结果表明,W2 模式比W1 模式增产 3.90%;2 种灌溉模式下均以F3 处理产量表现最佳,W2F3 处理要比W1F3 处理增产7.48%.增产的主要原因是增加了单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率.与W1 模式相比,W2 模式下的茎蘖成穗率、剑叶SPAD、LAI整体表现较高,尤其是在水稻生长后期.与W1F1(常规栽培管理)相比,W2F1 和W2F3 处理抽穗前干物质显著增加了 14.24%和 14.71%,各器官干物质量的积累也显著增加.相对于W1F1 处理,W1F2 和W2F1 处理显著提高了叶片干物质输出率和转化率,W2F2 和W2F3 处理显著提高了茎鞘干物质输出率和转化率.研究结果为东北地区水稻高产合理灌溉和氮肥运筹提供了理论依据.

针对大田实际生产中化肥施用过量的情况，用有机肥替代化肥既能解决我国有机废弃物过剩的现状，又能缓解施肥不合理所带来的环境污染问题。在辽宁省沈阳市稻田以沈稻7号、沈稻505和沈稻47等3个省内主栽品种为供试材料，设置5个施肥水平，分别为不施氮肥（CK）、全化肥（CF）、有机肥替代10%化肥(OR 10 )、有机肥替代20%化肥(OR 20 )、有机肥替代30%化肥(OR 30 ),所有处理的施氮量均为150 kg/hm~2,研究有机肥等量替代化肥对粳稻产量及干物质积累的影响，以探明不同粳稻品种最佳有机无机肥配施方案。结果表明，3个品种的有机无机肥配施处理与全化肥处理相比均有增产的效果，增产幅度在2.65%～9.97%。弯曲穗型品种沈稻7号OR 30 处理、直立穗品种沈稻505OR 20 处理的茎蘖数、有效穗数、颖花数、干物质积累量及产量均高于同一品种其他处理，半直立穗型品种沈稻47 OR 10 处理的茎蘖数、有效穗数、干物质积累量及产量高于同一品种其他处理。即OR 30 处理为弯曲穗型品种沈稻7号、OR 20 处理为直立穗型品种沈稻505、OR 10 处理为半直立穗型品种沈稻47的最佳配施方案。

为研究施氮方式和行距配置对水稻冠层结构和产量的影响,以沈稻9号为材料,于2019—2020年进行田间试验,采用两因素裂区设计,主区设不施氮肥(A0)、农户方式(A1)、底氮减施(A2)、底氮后移(A3)4种氮肥管理方式,副区设常规方式(行距30 cm,B1)、缩行增密(行距25 cm,B2)、宽窄行(行距40 cm+20 cm,B3)3种行距配置,运用大田切片法,研究不同施氮方式和行距配置下水稻各层叶面积指数(LAI)、光合有效辐射、剑叶光合特性和产量的差异.结果表明,施氮方式与行距配置对产量有极显著影响,且存在交互作用,在A3 B2组合下,产量达到最高,为9.85 t/hm2.与A1、A2相比,A3处理单位面积颖花数提高4.31％～10.55％,结实率提高2.87～4.09百分点,使剑叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别提高了4.84％～9.12％,14.08％～15.71％,11.33％～15.83％;同时,A3具有较高的光合有效辐射截获率和群体叶面积指数.与B1、B3相比,B2可以增加单位面积颖花数和群体叶面积指数,增幅分别为7.57％～9.97％,4.29％～20.43％,光合有效辐射截获率达88.99％.综合产量、光合特性和冠层结构的表现,施氮方式为底氮后移结合行距为25 cm为本试验的最优组合,能有效提高单位面积颖花数、结实率、千粒质量,改善群体结构,促进高产形成.

缓控释肥是一种能够减缓或控制养分释放的新型肥料,具有提高肥料利用率和作物产量、减少环境污染等优点.本文介绍了缓控释肥料的概念、类型,综述了缓控释肥料的国内外研究进展,分析了缓控释肥料在水稻上的应用及存在的问题,并进行了展望.

采用裂区设计,在稻鸭种养有机栽培模式下研究了移栽密度对穗粒兼顾型品种沈稻47和穗数型品种沈稻505产量及生理特性的影响.结果 表明,随着移栽密度增加,2个品种的叶面积指数(LAI)和单位面积有效穗数均增加;沈稻47齐穗前干物质积累所占比例、干物质总积累量和产量明显增加,每穗颖花数、结实率明显减少;沈稻505每穗颖花数明显减少,结实率、群体干物质积累量和产量先增后降;品种和密度在产量等多个性状上互作效应显著;穗粒兼顾型品种沈稻47取得高产的适宜移栽密度为30.0 cm×9.9 cm(33.0万丛/hm2),穗数型品种沈稻505为30.0 cm×16.7 cm(20.0万丛/hm2).

采用裂区试验,以常规粳稻沈稻505和杂交粳稻粳优165为试验材料,设置4种肥密水平和2种旋耕深度,测定分析水稻产量及氮素吸收、利用等相关指标,研究旋耕深度、施氮量和栽植密度对水稻产量与氮素分配利用的影响.结果表明,2种旋耕深度、2个品种的4个肥密处理水平均表现为N3处理的产量高于其他处理,粳优165达到显著水平;2个品种的深旋肥密处理的有效穗数、每穗粒数平均值均高于浅旋处理.2个时期植株各部位的含氮量、氮素积累量均表现为深旋N3处理显著高于其他处理,且深旋高于浅旋,粳优165高于沈稻505.氮素农学效率表现为粳优165深旋与浅旋的N3处理均高于N1、N2处理,最大值为深旋N3处理;而沈稻505深旋与浅旋的N2处理均高于N1、N3处理,最大值为浅旋N2处理.氮肥偏因素生产力为浅旋粳优165、沈稻505及深旋沈稻505的N2处理显著高于N1、N3处理,深旋粳优165的N2、N3处理显著高于N1处理.氮肥利用率、氮素吸收利用率均为2种旋耕深度2个品种的N3处理均显著高于N 1处理.由此可见,氮肥适当后移配合深旋处理可提高水稻产量,减氮增密可不同程度提高氮肥偏因素生产力.

Nitrogen management plays important roles in high-yielding rice production. In this two-year study, four rice cultivars were used to investigate the effects of the nitrogen application regime on yields, yield components, photosynthetic characteristics, and the dry matter accumulation and transformation of rice. Under a split-plot design, the main plots were assigned to five nitrogen application strategies, of which strategies 0 (N1), 165 (N2), 195 (N3), and 225 kg N ha−1 (N4) were applied as follows: 50% at basal, 35% at tillering and 15% at panicle initiation. In addition, strategy N5 was applied with 195 kg N ha−1 by 40% at basal, 15% at green-returning, 25% at the tillering stage, 15% at the panicle initiation stage, and 5% at the spikelet differentiation stage. Each main plot was sub-plotted by four experimental rice cultivars. Our results showed that all four cultivars obtained the highest yield with 195 kg N ha−1application. The nitrogen treatments seemed to have a smaller effect on the number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grains weight, but more influence on the number of panicles and seed-setting rate and eventually affected grain yield. Under the N5 treatment, high yield was obtained due to more effective panicles, more spikelets per panicle and a high seed-setting rate. Additionally, the N5 treatment caused a longer leaf stay-green duration and higher photosynthetic potential, and the leaf area decreased slower at the late stage. The N4 treatment increased the dry matter formation at the jointing stage and the N3 treatment accelerated the dry matter accumulation between the jointing and heading stages. The results suggested that under 195 kg N ha−1 nitrogen amount, a higher post-anthesis biomass could be gained, and the N5 treatment showed greater advantages from heading to maturity than the other treatments in the aspects of more dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage, a coordinated organ growth ratio, and a higher matter translocation rate from the stem and leaf to the panicle, thus benefiting yield formation.

作物生理研究法课程自开设至今已有四十年的历史,教授学生从生理角度分析解决农作物生产的实际问题,是农学本科生教学的一个重要环节.近年来我国农业发展迅猛,为适应不断变化的新形势,依托"粮食作物生产国家级实验教学示范中心"的建设,借助沈阳农业大学农学院实验教学中心建立的契机,深入剖析教学中存在的问题,诸如教学资源、教学手段与教学方法等方面存在的问题,对作物生理研究法课程的创新与建设情况进行了阐述.

Grains at different positions on rice panicles differ greatly in weight and quality, but few studies have focused on the effect of dep1 that influences panicle morphology and grain number on grain weight and quality at different spikelet positions and under different backgrounds. To clarify this, we compared spikelet characteristics and grain quality in the superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS), as well as sink-, source- and flow-related traits between NIL-dep1 (AKI-dep1 and LG5-dep1) and NIL-DEP1 (AKI-DEP1 and LG5-DEP1) under the Akitakomachi (AKI) and Liaogeng5 (LG5) backgrounds. The grain weight and quality in SS did not significantly differ between NIL-dep1 and NIL-DEP1 under the two backgrounds. However, the effect of dep1 on grain weight and quality in IS varied with background. AKI-dep1 significantly decreased the grain weight, processing quality, and eating and cooking quality in IS compared with AKI-DEP1, possibly due to poor grain filling and the lack of an adequate source supply and vascular system to fully meet the increased sink size. With the exception of appearance quality, the grain weight and quality of IS of LG5-dep1 were similar to LG5-DEP1, mainly due to the enlarged vascular system and similar grain filling rate and source supply. We concluded that the varied effects of dep1 on grain weight and quality under the two backgrounds could be attributed to differences in grain filling and source-sink-flow relationships.

Plant architecture is an accessible approach to achieving high-yield potential. The DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) gene regulating panicle morphology, grain number per panicle, and nitrogen uptake and metabolism has been widely used for the breeding of high-yield rice in northern Chinese japonica varieties. However, there has been no consensus on the genetic effects of dep1 on grain yield and quality under different genetic backgrounds and growing environments. In the present study, we developed two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of DEP1 (AKI-dep1, AKI-DEP1, LG5-dep1 and LG5-DEP1), each carrying the DEP1 region from either 'Liaogeng5' (LG5) or 'Akitakomachi' (AKI) in the AKI and LG5 backgrounds. Our results demonstrated that AKI-dep1/LG5-dep1 exhibited erect panicle and enhanced grain number per panicle, thereby consequently increasing grain yield, whereas they possessed inferior grain appearance compared with AKI-DEP1/LG5-DEP1 in the same background. However, the effects of dep1 on grain processing quality and eating and cooking quality varied with the background. These results provide useful information for high-yield erect panicle rice breeding by marker-assisted selection.

专业教学资源库建设是高等职业教育教学改革的核心.在分析种子生产与经营专业人才培养方案、现代职业标准及其"三性一化"特性的基础上,提出专业教学资源库构建与完善的"双轴线"思路;探讨了"双轴线"与专业教学资源库的关系,人才培养方案是专业教学资源库构建的纲领,现代职业标准是专业教学资源库技能资源库构建依据,二者构成专业教学资源库建设"双轴线",是专业教学资源库建设的生命线,从人才培养方案、现代职业标准两个维度对专业教学资源库构建与完善提出建议.

Nitrogen fertilization and planting density are two key factors that can interactively affect the grain yield of rice. Three different types of rice cultivars—inbred Shendao 47, inbred Shendao 505, and hybrid Jingyou 586—were applied to investigate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rate and planting density (D) on the aboveground biomass, harvest index, leaf photosynthetic features, grain yield, and yield components using a split-split-plot design at two sites over two continuous years. The main plots were assigned to four nitrogen fertilizer rates: 0 (N0), 140 (N1), 180 (N2), and 220 (N3) kg ha−1 N; the subplots were assigned to three planting densities: 25 × 104 (D1), 16.7 × 104 (D2), and 12.5 × 104 (D3) hills ha-1, and the sub-subplots were assigned to three rice cultivars. The results showed that the grain yield had a significantly positive correlation with the stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area index (LAI), panicles per unit area, and spikelets per panicle. The N rate and planting density had significant interaction effects on grain yield, and the maximum values of Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586 appeared in N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3, respectively. The higher grain yield of midsized panicle Shendao 47 was mostly ascribed to both panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle. More panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle primarily contributed to a larger sink capacity of small-sized panicle rice Shendao 505 and large-sized panicle rice Jingyou 586. We found that the treatments N3D2, N2D1, and N3D3 could optimize the contradiction between yield formation factors for Shendao 47, Shendao 505, and Jingyou 586, respectively. Across years and sites, the regression analysis indicated that the combinations of nitrogen fertilization of 195.6 kg ha−1 with a planting density of 22 × 104 hills ha−1, 182.5 kg ha−1 with 25 × 104 hills ha−1, and 220 kg ha−1 with 13.1 × 104 hills ha−1 are recommended for medium-, small-, and large-sized panicle rice cultivars, respectively.

In this study 90 individuals of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed by crossing subspecies of japonica rice cultivar, ‘Nagdong’ and an indica type cultivar, ‘Cheongcheong’. These individuals were used to identify the quantitative trait loci of panicle traits using SSR markers. A genetic linkage map was constructed using one hundred fifty four simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers covering distance of 1973.6 cM of the whole genome with mean distance of 13.9 cM among markers. QTLs were mapped using composite interval mapping method, nineteen QTLs were recognized for the panicle traits on chromosomes 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 with individual QTL explained 8.8% to 37.9% of phenotypic variation. Two pleiotropic effects loci were found on chromosomes 4 and 6. These QTLs affecting leaf traits, panicle traits and panicle branch traits would be beneficial to high-yield rice improvement.

[目的]探讨不同灌溉方式和氮肥对水稻品质的影响及其互作效应.[方法]以常规粳稻沈稻47和杂交粳稻粳优586为材料,进行防雨棚盆栽试验,设置浅水层灌溉、浅湿灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉4种灌溉方式及正常施氮(normal nitrogen,NN,180 kg/hm2)和高氮(high nitrogen,HN,220 kg/hm2)2种氮肥水平,研究不同肥水处理对稻米品质的影响.[结果]灌溉方式和施氮量对稻米品质有明显的互作效应,在正常施氮和高氮水平下,稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质均以轻干湿交替灌溉为佳.正常施氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉下稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、最高黏度和崩解值低于浅水层灌溉,而其垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量及消减值却高于浅水层灌溉.高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉处理的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质优于浅水层灌溉,但二者间差异不显著.灌溉方式对氨基酸的影响因施氮量和品种的不同而存在差异.常规施氮水平下,轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了稻米的总氨基酸含量;高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉显著提高了沈稻47的氨基酸总量,而粳优586总氨基酸含量则在轻干湿交替灌溉处理下取得较高值,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量趋势一致.[结论]轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以改善稻米品质.在本研究条件下,沈稻47和粳优586分别以轻干湿交替灌溉和施氮量为180 kg/hm2和施氮量为220 kg/hm2时,米质较好.

To achieve superior rice-grain quality, more emphasis has been placed on the genetic diversity of breeding programs, although this improvement could be seriously restricted in the absence of comparable agricultural management practices. Nitrogen (N) application and planting density are two important agronomic practices influencing rice growth, yield, and grain quality. This study investigated the four main aspects of rice-grain quality, namely, milling (brown-rice, milled-rice, and head-rice percentage), appearance (length/width ratio, chalky-kernel percentage, and chalkiness), nutrition (protein content), and cooking and eating quality (apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and pasting viscosities) of two rice cultivars (Shendao 47 and Jingyou 586) under four N rates (0, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha−1), and three planting densities (25 × 104, 16.7 × 104, and 12.5 × 104 hills ha−1) in a field trial from 2015 to 2016. The four main aspects of rice-grain quality were significantly influenced by cultivar. Several aspects were affected by the interactions of N rate and cultivar. No significant interaction between N rate and plating density was detected for all grain-quality parameters. A higher N rate increased the percentages of brown rice and head rice, chalky-kernel percentage, and setback and peak time values, but reduced the length/width ratio, chalkiness, apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and peak-, trough-, and final-viscosity values. These results indicate that the N rate has a beneficial effect on milling and nutritional quality, but a detrimental effect on appearance and cooking and eating quality. Jingyou 586 and Shendao 47 had different responses to planting density in terms of grain quality. Our study indicates that low planting density for Jingyou 586, but a medium one for Shendao 47, is favorable for grain quality.

In order to explore the effect of row spaces on yields and photosynthetic characteristics of japonica rice with different panicle types under drill seeding, three different panicle types of japonica rice Tonghe 833, Shendao 528, Shendao 506 as entries were studied under five row spaces. The result showed that with the increase of row spaces, the yields of the erect panicle type cultivar Shendao 528, curved panicle type cultivar Tonghe 833 and the semi-erect Shendao 506 all increased first and then decreased. The yield of Shendao 528 was the maximum at 17.5cm row space, significantly higher than that at other row spaces; the yield of Tonghe 833 was the maximum at 22.5cm, significantly higher than that at narrow row spaces; the yield of Shendao506 was the maximum at 20cm, significantly higher than that at other row spaces. The yield of the three cultivars was negatively correlated with the number of full grain number, positively correlated with other yield components, and the interaction of yield components together determined the formation of yield. The number of japonica stems plus tillers of the three cultivars at maturity was the highest in the row space where the yield was highest. The leaf area index, photosynthetic potential at heading-maturity, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at heading were consistent with production performance, and also the highest in the row space when the yield was the highest. The adapting ability of different panicle type cultivars under different row spaces was different. Reasonable row space improved the competition between rows and developed differential benefits between physiological characteristics and cultivars ecological characteristics of different panicle type cultivars with coordinating relationship between the individual and the population to build a reasonable population structure for the goal of high yield and quality of drill seeding.