[目的]研究土施和叶面喷施锌肥条件下玉米吸收、积累锌的规律,旨在为科学调控玉米锌营养状况、提高玉米籽粒锌含量提供理论依据.[方法]2011年在吉林风沙土地区采用大田试验,研究了土施锌肥(0kg/hm2 (S0)、3.4 kg/hm2 (S3.4)、6.8 kg/hm2 (S6.8)、10.2 kg/hm2 (S10.2))和叶面喷施锌肥(0 kg/hm2 (F0),2.25kg/hm2 (F))共计7个处理(S0F0(对照)、S34F0、S68F0、S102F0、S0F、S34F、S6.8 F)对玉米各生育期植株锌含量、籽粒锌含量、籽粒产量和地上部分生物量以及锌肥利用率、Zn吸收总量和Zn吸收速率的影响.[结果]玉米植株中Zn的含量随着土施锌肥量的增加而增大,苗期较S0F0处理增加了2.7～8.5倍,其他生育期增加幅度有所降低;与S0F0处理相比,S34F0、S6.8F0、S10.2F0可以使玉米增产9.7％～37.7％,地上部分生物量增加6.2％～20.4％,玉米Zn吸收总量增加21.5％～81.9％.土施+叶面喷施锌肥处理比单独土施锌肥增产5.5％～17.0％,生物量增加18.5％～30.8％.[结论]土施+叶面喷施锌肥可以明显提高玉米籽粒锌含量和籽粒产量.

By the different nitrogen levels and fertilization methods(basic fertilizer and fertilizer) in the field of the test conditions, the collection and measurement of the vegetation index of canopy normalization, leaf SPAD value, chlorophyll content, leaf total nitrogen content and yield, and the relationship between them were studied. The results showed that leaf chlorophyll content and canopy NDVI value raise when the content of nitrogen increases at the differ-ent growth stages of maize. Top-dressing fertilizer can significantly improve the chlorophyll content and canopy NDVI value, leaf chlorophyll increase at the milking stage of the maize, the largest amount. Canopy NDVI value, leaf nitrogen content and chlorophyll content of the correlation coefficient in different growth stages were significantly or highly sig-nificantly, the relationships of leaf SPAD was consistent with chlorophyll content, the same of the NDVI, both of which could be to maize nitrogen nutrition diagnosis, but NDVI was more than the advantages of rapid and reliable. Com-pared with no topdressing fertilizer treatment had obvious effect on increasing yield, the average increase rate of 29.23%, the maximum increase of 44.13%.

Field experiment studied on high phosphate soil that the absorption and accumulation of NPK content and maize yield were influenced by an artificial increase of application of Zn fertilizer.The results showed that NK content of plants increased thanks to the Zn application,but P content of plants decreased.The accumulated NPK content increased with the growth of plants with the same application of Zn fertilizer.The accumulated NK increased thanks to the increased of Zn application from 10～50 kg/hm2,but reduction was still visible due to excessive application of Zn fertilizer,P content of plants decreased with Zn application from 10～150 kg/hm2 at the same growth stage.It showed that N and K fertilizer utilization rates increased with Zn fertilizer application from 10～50 kg/hm2.The maize yield increased thanks to the increase of Zn application from 10～50 kg/hm2,but reduction was still visible due to excessive application of Zn fertilizer.

Field experiment studied that the absorption and accumulation of Zn content and maize yield were influenced by an artificial increase of application of Zn fertilizer(50,100,150 kg/hm2 ZnSO4??7H2O)based on normal application of Zn fertilizer(10 kg/hm2,25 kg/hm2,ZnSO4??7H2O).The results showed Zn content of maize plants and grains had a significant increasing trend within the range 10~150 kg/hm2 during seedling stage,jointing stage,heading stage,filling stage and maturity period.There was a significant positive correlation between the application of Zn fertilizer and Zn content.And the accumulated Zn content increased with the growth of plants with the same application of Zn fertilizer,which indicated that maize had an increasing absorption of Zn from the soil at different growth stages.Overall,Zn uptake rate increased with the increase of application of Zn fertilizer on the ground part of maize at each growth stage,with the maximum of Zn uptake rate in the jointing stage and heading stage.The maize yield increased thanks to the increase of Zn application,but reduction was still visible due to excessive application of Zn fertilizer.The optimal application was 50 kg/hm2.However,maize with high-applied Zn fertilizer had better yield and Zn content of grain and plants than that with normal application of Zn fertilizer.