Научная конференция, посвященная 100-летию со дня рождения Г.К. Тушинского, проведена в октябре 2009 г. на географическом факультете МГУ. В ней участвовали учёные из России, Казахстана, Узбекистана, Таджикистана, Аргентины, Швейцарии, Канады, Японии. Заслушано 62 доклада, в том числе 26 стендовых. Проведено заседание с докладами молодых учёных, аспирантов и студентов, которые продолжают и развивают идеи Г.К. Тушинского.
26 августа 2009 г. исполнилось 100 лет со дня рождения профессора Г.К. Тушинского (1909-1979). В статье кратко изложен его жизненный путь и основные достижения в науке и воспитании новых поколений специалистов.
Title Avalanches of the USSR Author(s) Tushinsky, G.K.; Akifyeva, K.V.; Volodicheva, N.A.; Kondakova, N.L.; Kravtsova, V.I.; Konstantinova, G.S.; Rakita, S.A.; Troshkina, E.S. Citation Physics of Snow and Ice : proceedings = 雪氷の物理学 : 論文集, 1(2): 1295-1309 Issue Date 1967 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/20380 Type bulletin Note International Conference on Low Temperature Science. I. Conference on Physics of Snow and Ice, II. Conference on Cryobiology. (August, 14-19, 1966, Sapporo, Japan) File Information 2_p1295-1309.pdf
About 20% of the territory of the USSR is subject to avalanche activity. The resulting avalanche natural-territory complexes possess
Continuous metamorphic processes due to mass transfer of material and to recrystal- iization growth of grains take place in snow cover. This metamorphism is closely associated with the thermal regime and strained state of the snow cover. Roles played by diffusion and conduction on thermal conductivities are discussed. It is shown experimentally that at temperatures near 0°C these two components of the effective thermal conductivity of the snow cover have comparable values. The thickness of the quasiliquid film on the surface of ice crystals has been determined by inert gas adsorption and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in the temperature range from 0 to — 8°C. Results obtained demonstrate that at equal temperature gradients the mass transfer due to water vapour diffusion is two orders of magnitude greater than that due to material migration through the quasiliquid film. Theoretical consideration is given to the grain recrystallization growth mechanism in snow cover. Calculations demonstrate that recrystallization growth rates due to crystal dimensions differences and those due to differences in relative strain of individual grains differ by more than an order of magnitude. Results of field observations have shown that modifica tion of some structural characteristics by metamorphic processes in snow cover is in good agreement with the values calculated by means of the recrystallization growth theory.
Available experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that a liquid-like layer, whose thickness increases when temperature approaches 0°C, reaching the value of the order of 1(T6 cm, exists on the surface of ice particles below the ice melting point. Mobility of water molecules in this layer is extremely high and determines the kinetics of sintering metamorphism because the specific surface area of the ice-air interface, measured by means of inert gas adsorp tion, is quite substantial. Viscosity of the liquid-like layer and surface diffusion coefficient are evaluated on the basis of experimentall y obtained absorption line width of nuclear magnetic resonance. It is concluded that efforts to interpret snow metamorphism exclusively by observation of sintering of ice spheres or by observation of changes in the ice-air interface surface area cannot be successful. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the nature of the ice surface, and, in particular, quantitative estimation is required of surface molecules mobility.
