The results of structural botanical experiment on stem and leaf of Magnolia biloba(Rehd.et Wils.) Cheng show: there are secretory cavities distributed in the cortex and pith of the stem,of the rachis and the petiolule,and in the parenchyma under the main vein in the Magnolia biloba(Rehd.et Wils.) Cheng;in the walls of some cells there exist reticulate structures.The leaf is of dorsi-ventral leaf,and the stoma only scatter over the lower epidermis of the leaf,which belongs to anomocytic type.In the primare of the stem,the living thin-wall cells are very rich in the cortex and the pith.The secondary xylem is that of diffuse-porous wood.The vessel end wall,applanate and slopping is ladder-shaped compund fenestrated.The wood parenchyma is rare and has a star-scattering distribution.All these indicate that Magnolia biloba(Rehd.et Wils.) Cheng is a more primitive species in evolution.