Aims: To analyze the nutritional status of aplastic anemia (AA) patients.Methods: The nutrition-related anthropometric indicators and blood biochemical index of 622 newly-diagnosed AA patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Of the cohort of AA patients, body mass index of non-severe AA (NSAA) patients were higher than those of severe AA (SAA) (p < 0.05). The serum total protein and albumin protein levels of SAA patients differed from those of NSAA, and lower hemoglobin was correlated with lower serum albumin protein concentration (p < 0.01). The concentration of B vitamins (folic acid and vitamin B-12) of urban patients significantly differed from rural ones (P < 0.01). Of the 97 cases of iron overload (15.6% of the entire patient group), the iron overload rate of SAA patients (19.1%) was much higher than that of NSAA (8.1%).Conclusions: AA patients exhibited malnutrition conditions; it would be helpful to conduct individualized dietary guidance and health education for patients. (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

探讨骨髓增生异常综合征伴小肠淋巴管扩张症病人的治疗与护理。对难治性骨髓增生异常综合征伴小肠淋巴管扩张症的病人通过营养支持、血制品支持治疗、积极纠正低蛋白血症治疗及饮食指导、心理护理、安全保护等一系列有针对性的护理后，病人未发生生命危险，病情趋于稳定。

目的 探讨利妥昔单抗注射液治疗难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)患者的护理方法.方法 回顾性总结并分析2012年6月至2013年5月中国医学科学院血液病医院采用利妥昔单抗注射液治疗的6例复发/难治性AIHA患者的临床资料.结果 经积极治疗,本组6例患者中,完全缓解3例、部分缓解3例、发生不良反应1例.结论 利妥昔单抗注射液治疗难治性自身免疫性溶血性贫血具有一定的疗效,积极的护理干预可减少利妥昔单抗注射液引起的不良反应,有利于提高患者的生活质量.

[目的]了解医院非惩罚性护理不良事件网络上报系统的应用效果。[方法]组织全员培训,学习掌握不良事件网络系统上报程序,完善护理质量与安全管理组织,建立集中组织式信息处理管理系统,修订上报制度,建立规范化的不良事件术语与分类体系,采用SHEL模型与PDCA模式相结合的信息处理管理模式。[结果]应用后降低了护理缺陷的发生率,提高了医护人员对不良事件的认知度和风险防范意识。[结论]医院非惩罚性不良事件网络上报系统的应用,降低了护理缺陷的发生率,确保了病人安全。

Objective To investigate the risk factors related to poor prognosis in refractory severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients after immunosuppressive therapy.Methods Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the correlation of post-IST refractoriness and patient survival with sex,age,etiology,delay between diagnosis and IST,severity of SAA (onset absolute neutrophil count),infection at onset,ATG regime,G-CSF therapy and PNH clone in 154 SAA patients treated in Institute of Hematology Blood Diseases Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science during Dec 1996 to Oct 2006.Results The severity of SAA and infection were risk factors for refractory disease and poor survival.According to multivariate analysis,disease severity and infection were risk factors of IST refractoriness and poor prognosis.Risk of monomer-7 included clonal chromosome evoluting to MDS increased with use of G-CSF for more than 6 months.Conclusion The severity of SAA and occurrence of infection were the major risk factors for refractoriness and poor prognosis of IST,while use of G-CSF for more than 6 months was a risk factor of MDS development.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the quantities of bone marrow CD5+ B lymphocytes in the patients with autoimmune hemocytopenia and the relationship between quantities of CD5+ B lymphocytes and clinical or laboratorial parameters. METHODS Quantities of CD5+ B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of 14 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) or Evans syndrome, 22 immunorelated pancytopenia (IRP) patients, and 10 normal controls were assayed by flow cytometry. The correlation between their clinical or laboratorial parameters and CD5+ B lymphocytes was analyzed. RESULTS The quantity of CD5+ B lymphocytes of AIHA/Evans syndrome (34.64% +/- 19.81%) or IRP patients (35.81% +/- 16.83%) was significantly higher than that of normal controls (12.00% +/- 1.97%, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between AIHA/Evans syndrome and IRP patients (P > 0.05). In all hemocytopenic patients, the quantity of bone marrow CD5+ B lymphocytes showed significantly negative correlation with serum complement C3 level (r = -0.416, P < 0.05). In the patients with AIHA/Evans syndrome, the quantity of bone marrow CD5+ B lymphocytes showed significantly positive correlation with serum indirect bilirubin level (r = 1.00, P < 0.05). In Evans syndrome patients, the quantity of CD5+ B lymphocytes in bone marrow showed significantly positive correlation with platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (r = 0.761, P < 0.05) and platelet-associated immunoglobulin M ( r = 0.925, P < 0.05). The quantity of CD5+ B lymphocytes in bone marrow of all hemocytopenic patients showed significantly negative correlation with treatment response (tau-b = -0.289, P < 0.05) , but had no correlation with colony forming unit-erythroid (r = -0.205, P > 0.05) or colony forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage colonies (r = -0.214, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The quantity of bone marrow CD5+ B lymphocytes in the patients with autoimmune hemocytopenia significantly increases and is correlated with disease severity and clinical response, which suggest that CD5+ B lymphocytes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemocytopenia.

Objective To probe the mechanism of autoimmune intolerance in severe aplastic anemia (SAA), the percentages of Th3 cells and CD4+CD25+T regulator cells in peripheral blood and the serum levels of TGF-β1 of SAA patients at disease active and recovery phases and those of normal controls were measured.

Objective To detect the quantities of monocyte-derived dendritic cell precursors (pDC1) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients before and after immune suppressive therapy (IST), the ratio of their pDC1 to pDC2, and the expression of T-cell co-stimulating molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40) on dentritic cells (DC) and B cells surface in the SAA patients' peripheral blood.

Objective To explore the mechanism of autoimmune intolerance in severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods By FACS, the quantity of peripheral TGF-βproducing CD4+ T cells (Th3) in 20 SAA patients at active phase, 10 SAA patients at recovery phase and 12 normal controls were detected. The percentages of peripheral CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in 12 SAA patients at active phase, 9 non-responded patients after IST, 6 patients at recovery phase and 12 normal controls were counted, and its correlation with the percentages of CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ cells were analyzed. By enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the serum level of TGF-β1 in 25 SAA patients and 13 normal controls was measured and its correlation with peripheral platelets counts was analyzed. Results The percentages of peripheral Th3 cells, CD8+ TGF-β1+ cells and the ratio of Th3/ CD8+ TGF-β1+ in controls were (5. 10±0. 91)% , (4. 93±0. 97)% and 1.20±0. 19 respectively, and those in SAA patients at active phase were( 1. 33±0. 20)% , ( 1.72±0.24)%, 1.00±0.25, respectively (P0. 01 ,P0. 05). The aforementioned parameters of SAA patients at recovery phase increased to (2. 19±0. 21) % , (2. 07±0. 33) % and 1.71±0. 52 respectively, but the percentages of Th3 cells and CD8+ TGF-β1+ were still lower (P 0. 05 ). The percentage of Th3 cells was decreased in the SAA patients. The percentage of peripheral CD4+ CD25+ T regulator cells in peripheral blood of controls was (8. 25±1.96)% , and that in SAA patients was (3. 32±0. 81)%. The percentages of CD4+ CD25+ T cells of 9 non-responded patients and 10 patients at recovery phase were increased to (7.09±1. 84) % and (7.49±1. 27) % respectively, being no difference from those of normal controls. The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T cells of SAA patients was positively related to the percentage of CD3+ CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD3+ CD4+ to CD3+ CD8+ , but negatively to the percentage of CD3+ CD8+ cells. The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T cells was decreased in the SAA patients. The plasma level of TGF-β1 in normal controls was (11.06±0.49)μg/L, and that in SAA patients was (2. 49±0. 51)μg/L (P 0. 01). The plasma level of TGF-β1 in SAA patients was positively related to the percentage of Th3 cells and the platelet counts (P 0. 05, P 0.01). Conclusion The percentages of peripheral Th3 and CD4+ CD25+ T cells, and the plasma level of TGF-β1 in SAA patients were decreased, which break down the autoimmune tolerance in SAA.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prognostic value of quantitative chromosomal abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).METHODS:Chromosomal karyotypes in seventy-one MDS patients' were analyzed quantitatively. Based on the number of abnormal metaphase in 20 counted metaphases, the patients were divided into three groups: no abnormal karyotypes, abnormal metaphases less than or equal to five, and that more than five. The leukemia transformation rate, death rate and survival time between these three groups were compared.RESULTS:Forty-four cases (62.0%) had abnormal karyotypes. The incidences of abnormal karyotypes in RA, RCMD and RAEB were 76.9%, 55.8% and 75.0%, respectively, being no significant difference (P > 0.05). Among the abnormal karyotypes, complex abnormality with two or more abnormal karyotypes was most common and accounted for 47.7%. The frequencies of trisomy 8, monosomy 7 and del 20q were 18.2%, 4.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Other kinds of abnormal karyotypes totally accounted for 25%. There were 27 cases of group 1, 28 of group 2 and 16 of group 3. Eighteen cases (25.4%) transformed to acute leukemia. The incidences of leukemia transformation in group 1, 2 and 3 were 18.5%, 25% and 37.5%, and the death rates were 29.6%, 42.9% and 56.3%, respectively. The median survival times were 60, 47 and 24 months respectively.CONCLUSION:The quantitative chromosome abnormality has prognostic value in MDS.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quantities of monocyte-derived dendritic cell precursors (pDC1) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients before and after immune suppressive therapy (IST), the ratio of the pDC1 to pDC2, and the expression of co-stimulating molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40) on dendritic cells (DC) and B cells in SAA patients.METHODS:By means of three color monoclonal antibody labeling technology, the quantities and ratio of pDC1 and pDC2 in PBMC were detected in 26 SAA patients at active phase, 13 at recovery phase and 15 normal controls respectively. The aforementioned parameters of 10 SAA patients were tested before and 2 months after IST. The expression of CD80, CD86 and CD40 on DC and B lymphocytes were detected in 16 SAA patients and 15 normal controls.RESULTS:The percentages of pDC1 and the ratio of pDC1/pDC2 of controls were (0.41 +/- 0.05)% and 1.58 +/- 0.18 respectively, and those of SAA patients at active phase were (0.67 +/- 0.13)% and 2.70 +/- 0.32 respectively, [pDC1 (P < 0.05); pDC1/ pDC2 ratio (P < 0.01)]. The aforementioned parameters in convalescent SAA patients decreased to (0.43 +/- 0.10)%, and 1.78 +/- 0.36 respectively, being no difference from those of normal controls. The percentages of pDC1 and pDC2 in 10 SAA patients were (0.87 +/- 0.31)%, and (0.35 +/- 0.09)%, before IST, and (0.24 +/- 0.09)%, (0.14 +/- 0.04)%, after IST, being significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD86 expression on DC of controls was (11.97 +/- 4.31)%, and that of SAA patients was (29.84 +/- 3.02) % (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD80, CD40 and CD86 expression on lymphocytes of controls were (2.57 +/- 0.44)%, (7.34 +/- 1.22)% and (1.86 +/- 1.11)%, respectively, and those of SAA patients were (5.17 +/- 0.68)%, (8.85 +/- 2.94)% and (5.98 +/- 0.96)% respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The percentage of CD86 expression on B lymphocytes in controls was 8.04 +/- 0.66%, and in SAA patients was (20.46 +/- 2.78)%, (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The pDC subtypes were abnormal and the percentage of pDC1 is increased in SAA patients, which are associated with stage of this disease. DC and B Lymphocytes in SAA patients upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules (CD86) which cause the T lymphocyte abnormally activated.

OBJECTIVE:To study the response of hematopoietic cells (HSC) to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients.METHODS:(1) Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) from 17 PNH patients and 12 normal subjects were inoculated into semisolid culture media containing or not G-CSF (50 ng/ml). The cluster/colony forming unit-granulocyte/monocyte (CFU/cFU-GM) were counted and compared. (2) BMMNC of 20 PNH patients and 12 normal controls were triply stained for CD34, CD59 and G-CSF receptor CD114/stem cell factor receptor (C-KIT) CD117 and assessed by FCM. The CD34(+) cells were identified as CD34(+)/CD59(+) and CD34(+)/CD59(-). Percentage of CD114 and CD117 expression in each cell population was calculated.RESULTS:(1) PNH cFU-GM without G-CSF were (112.41 +/- 22.74)/10(5) BMMNC, while with G-CSF: (133.82 +/- 25.85)/10(5) BMMNC and normal cFU-GM were (190.33 +/- 36.05)/10(5) BMMNC, (309.42 +/- 92.94)/10(5) BMMNC, respectively. Whether with or without G-CSF, PNH BMMNC formed less cFU-GM than control did, both of the two kinds of BMMNC responded to G-CSF well (P < 0.05), but the increment of PNH cFU-GM yields was less than that of the normal control (P < 0.05). CFU-GM yields of PNH BMMNC without G-CSF were (24.29 +/- 9.05)/10(5) BMMNC, with G-CSF were (27.53 +/- 10.65)/10(5) BMMNC, while normal control were (77.42 +/- 36.01)/10(5) BMMNC and (98.00 +/- 43.14)/10(5) BMMNC, respectively. Whether with or without G-CSF, PNH BMMNC showed less CFU-GM yields than that of control (P < 0.05). (2) The percentage of CD114 positive cells in PNH CD34(+)CD59(+) BMMNC was (73.34 +/- 29.40)% and that in PNH CD34(+)CD59(-) BMMNC and in control CD34(+)CD59(+) BMMNC were (32.70 +/- 6.89)% and (58.52 +/- 29.99)%, respectively. The percentage of CD114 expression in PNH CD34(+) CD59(-) BMMNC was less than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD117 positivities on the PNH CD34(+)CD59(+) BMMNC were (76.90 +/- 22.08)%, PNH CD34(+) CD59(-) (36.03 +/- 7.69)% and control CD34(+) CD59(+) (80.28 +/- 13.36)%, respectively (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:In vitro, BMMNC of normal control grow better, and respond better to G-CSF than PNH BMMNC do. PNH CD34(+)CD59(-) BMMNC express less G-CSF receptor and C-KIT than PNH CD34(+)CD59(+) and normal CD34(+)CD59(+) BMMNC do, which may be the reason that abnormal PNH clone grow worse than the normal clones do.

OBJECTIVE:To analyse the proportion of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and its clinical features of HAAA.METHODS:All newly diagnosed SAA cases in our department in the recent 5 years were analyzed. A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the differences of clinical and laboratory features between HAAA and non-hepatitis associated SAA (non-HASAA) patients.RESULTS:The proportion of HAAA in SAA was 3.3%. There was no significant difference in PB cell counts, bone marrow hematopoiesis status and the amount of blood transfusion between HAAA and non-HASAA patients. Sera from 13 patients with HAAA were tested for antibodies to hepatitis viruses A, B, and C and hepatitis B surface antigen. Twelve (92.3%) of them had negative serologic results for the tests and only one (7.7%) had a positive result for HBsAg and HBeAg. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were decreased prior to the diagnosis in twelve (92.3%) of the 13 HAAA patients. The percentage of CD4(+) cells in HAAA patients was significantly lower than that in non-HASAA patients (P < 0.05). HAAA patients had higher percentages of CD8(+) cells (P < 0.05) and lower ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) (P < 0.05). The early infection rate of the HAAA patients was significantly higher than that of non-HASAA patients (84.6% vs 42.3%, P < 0.05), with different mortalities (61.5% vs 15.4%, P < 0.05). The 2-year survival rate of HAAA patients was significantly lower than that of non-HASAA patients (16.6% vs 83.2%, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The proportion of HAAA in SAA was 3.3%. Most of HAAA were associated with non-A, non-B and non-C hepatitis virus. Compared with that of non-HASAA, the abnormality of T cell immunity of HAAA was more severe, with a higher frequency of early infection and a higher mortality rate.

Background A subpopulation of B lymphocytes expressing CD5 antigen is involved in several autoimmune diseases through the release of autoantibodies. We investigate the quantitative of CD5 + B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of the patients with autoimmunic hemocytopenia and study the relationship between quantity of CD5 + B cells and clinical or laboratorial parameters of these patients.Methods Quantities of CD5 + B lymphocytes in the bone marrow(BM)of 14 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) or Evans syndrome, 22 immunorelated pancytopenia (IRP) patients and 10 normal controls were assayed by FACS. The correlation between their clinical or laboratory parameters and CD5 + B lymphocytes was analyzed. Results The qutantity of CD5 + B lymphocytes of AIHA/Evans syndrome ((34.64±19.81)% or IRP((35.81±16.83)%) patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls((12.0±1.97)%)(p 0.05). The quantity of CD5 + B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of all cytopenic patients showed negative correlation with complement C 3 (r=−0.416, p + B lymphocytes showed positive correlation with indirect bilirubin(IBIL) (r=1.00, p + B lymphocytes in their bone marrow showed positive correlation with PAIgG (r=0.761, p + B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of all cytopenic patients showed negative correlation with treatment response (correlation coefficient tau-b=−0.289, p in vitro . Conclusion BM CD5 + B lymphocytes of the patients with autoimmunic hemocytopenias significantly increased and was related to the disease severity and clinical response. It was suggested that CD5 + B lymphocytes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunic hemocytopenia.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and side effect of DA/HA regimen chemotherapy for the treatment of refractory and relapsed paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).METHODSEight patients with refractory and relapsed PNH were treated with DA/HA regimen chemotherapy. Three patients were treated with DA (DNR 40 mg/d, i.v.drip, the first and the second day; 20 mg/d, i.v.drip, the third day; Ara-C 100 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days) and 5 patients with HA (HHT 2 - 3 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days; Ara-C 100 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days).RESULTSAll the 8 patients responded well: the PNH clone was diminished in five patients. Hemolysis was remitted in 6 cases. Five patients showed improvement in hematological parameters. The dosage of corticosteroid was decreased in all of them. No serious side effect was revealed.CONCLUSIONDA/HA regimen chemotherapy was safe and effective for refractory and relapsed PNH patients.

BACKGROUND:Polycythemia vera (PV) is a malignant disorder of hemaopoietic stem cells which is characterized by clonal hyperproliferation and a low rate of apoptosis. This study was to assess endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) formation in the bone marrow of PV patients and determine its clinical significance.METHODS:The bone marrow mononuclear cells of 26 patients with PV, 2 patients with secondary erythrocytosis (SE), and 19 normal controls were cultured by Marsh's method for EEC evaluation, and the clinical significance was evaluated.RESULTS:EECs appeared in 25 patients with PV but not in 2 patients with SE and 19 normal controls. The number of EECs and the EEC ratio [EEC/erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)] in PV patients positively correlated with hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Their EEC number did not correlate with white blood cell (WBC) counts, platelet (PLT) counts, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) scores. Their EEC did not correlate with serum EPO levels. Fifteen patients with PV were treated with hydroxyurea (Hu) and/or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Their EEC ratio before treatment positively correlated with the treatment time required for complete remission (CR) and negatively correlated with the time before relapse. The EEC numbers of 7 PV patients treated with Hu/IFN-alpha decreased after the blood cell counts dropped to normal levels. There was a positive correlation between the EEC ratio and the incidence of attacks of vascular thrombosis in PV patients. The numbers of apoptosised bone marrow mononuclear cells in PV patients were lower than those in normal controls. The EEC numbers of PV patients negatively correlated with the rate of apoptosis of bone marrow mononuclear cells.CONCLUSIONS:EEC formation is characteristic in PV patients. EEC number in PV patients positively correlates with Hb levels, the time required for CR, and the incidence of attacks of vascular thrombosis. EEC number negatively correlates with the time before relapse. Bone marrow suppressive treatment might decrease EEC number. Thus, EEC number is a sensitive and specific parameter reflecting the abnormal hematopoietic clone burden induced by polycythemia vera. EEC number is an important diagnostic parameter for PV patients.

自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)和Evans综合征复发率高,长期缓解率只有13%～16%[1,2].复发后如何再治疗是临床上一大难题.我们对我院收治的AIHA/Evans综合征复发患者30例进行再治疗观察,了解再治疗疗效,并分析不同治疗方案对再治疗疗效的影响.现将结果报告如下.

重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)是一种骨髓造血功能衰竭性疾病,主要死因为感染和出血.我们对近10余年来229例SAA患者中继发败血症者进行回顾性分析,以期了解SAA患者继发败血症的发生率及其临床特点.

OBJECTIVE:To study the apoptosis and proliferation of CD(34) positive (CD(34)(+)) bone marrow cells (BMC) in patients with polycythemia vera (PV).METHODS:The expression of Annexin V and Ki67 of the CD(34)(+) BMC in 20 PV patients and control cases [10 essential thrombocythemia (ET), 12 normal persons] were assessed by bicolor flow cytometry (FCM), and the correlation between apoptosis and clinical situation was analysed in PV patients.RESULTS:The Annexin V expressions of CD(34)(+) BMC were (15.96 +/- 1.45)% in PV patients and (15.53 +/- 1.76)% in ET patients which were lower than that in normal subjects [(23.61 +/- 3.89)%, (P < 0.05)]. The Ki67 expression of CD(34)(+) BMC was (48.79 +/- 11.68)% in PV patients and (49.60 +/- 9.98)% in ET patients, which were significantly higher than that in normal controls (33.87 +/- 6.82)%. The ratio of apoptosis/proliferation in PV patients was 0.33 +/- 0.10 and in ET patients 0.32 +/- 0.02 which were significantly lower than that in normal controls 0.72 +/- 0.11 (P < 0.01). The apoptosis of CD(34)(+) BMC was negatively correlated with the hemoglobin (Hb) levels (r = -0.481, P = 0.037), white blood cells (WBC) (r = -0.538, P = 0.026) and the numbers of endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) (r = -0.632, P = 0.50), and the ratio of apoptosis/proliferation was negatively correlated with the Hb (r = -0.537, P = 0.018) and WBC (r = -0.667, P = 0.003) in PV patients.CONCLUSION:There were lower apoptosis and higher proliferation in CD(34)(+) BMC of PV patients. Lower apoptosis was correlated with the severity of the disease.

OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical features of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients with complication of infection.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of prevalence of infection occurring in 229 SAA patients, their bacterial spectrum, and the effect of GM-CSF or G-CSF on the infection were done.RESULT:The prevalence of infection in SAA patients was 86.0%, among which 54.2% was infected with gram-positive organisms, 40.0% with gram-negative bacilli and 5.8% with fungal infections. Septicemia occurred mostly with E. coli and Pseudomonas infection. Patient's neutropenia was significantly related to the infection. The patients with neutrophil count less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L had more frequent and severe infection. Age, hemoglobin level, subtype of T lymphocytes and antithymocyte globulin therapy were not related to infection. Prophylaxis usage of floxacin could not reduce patient' gastrointestinal infection. The total mortality of SAA patients with infection was 23.1%. Pulmonary infection and septicemia increased mortality, and GM-CSF/G-CSF therapy reduce mortality.CONCLUSION:SAA patients were at high risk of infection which was significantly associated with severe neutropenia. GM-CSF or G-CSF therapy exerts an assistant role to antibiotics in controlling the infections.