This study presents the evaluation of a fibrous ion exchanger impregnated with nanoparticles of hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) as a selective sorbent for phosphate. The hybrid impregnated anion exchanger (FIBA-NAs) combines the durability and mechanical strength of a polymeric weak base anion exchange resin with the high sorption affinity of HFO towards phosphate species. The phosphate loading capacity at the common pH of waste waters treatment plant secondary effluents was 162 +/- 12 mg PO43/g sorbent. Dynamic experiments were carried out and data obtained was fitted to fixed-bed sorption models. The theoretical sorption capacities reported by the Thomas model were in good agreement to the breakthrough experimental capacities determined from the sorption data. The sorption capacity decreased in multicomponent system due to the faster ion exchange of competing anions compared to phosphate ions. The loaded FIBAN-As was efficiently regenerated by using a sodium hydroxide solution, reporting up to 90% of recovery. Finally, reuse of FIBAN-As was evaluated in three successively sorption-desorption cycles by using two regeneration solutions. A sorption capacity reduction of 23% and 30% was observed for acid and alkaline solutions, respectively after the third cycle. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of ammonia sorption from air by fibrous ion-exchange materials containing acidic groups in concentration of 3-5 mmoles per gram as a function of the ammonia concentration (3-30 ppm), relative air humidity, air flow rate and the thickness of filtering layer. It follows from our experiments that non-woven fabrics with the thickness of above 2 mm and surface density of -0.3 kg m(-2) can efficiently reduce ammonia concentration in air to <1 ppm at flow rates of <0.2 m s(-1). The sorbent can be regenerated with acid solution to obtain salts that can be used as mineral fertilizers.

The present studies aimed at comparing the effect of the potassium monoionic form (prepared from a model spent ion exchanger) and a conventional potassium fertilizer (KCl) on plant vegetation after addition to depleted soil. To achieve the study aim a pot experiment using orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) as the test plant was carried out. The vegetation cycle lasted seven weeks. The plants were grown on four series of media: on untreated soil, on soil with added monoionic K form, on soil with added KCl and on soil with Biona-312 substrate added (2% v/v). Biona-312 served as the control fertilizer containing all macro- and microelements.The application of monoionic potassium form positively influenced orchard grass vegetation. The addition of K form into soil increased stem wet and dry biomass, root dry biomass and total dry yield by 15, 10, 13 and 12%, respectively. Bearing in mind that the amount of dry plant matter as source material for humus formation is crucial in sod reclamation, the effectiveness of potassium monoionic form was found to be similar to that of the mineral fertilizer KCl. Biona-312 was the most efficient fertilizer used in the study, resulting in the greatest yield of Dactylis glomerata L.

The extraction of tryptophan from aqueous-salt solutions with a liquid sulfocationite (a solution of dinonyinaphthalenesulfonic acid in heptane) was studied over wide ranges amino acid concentrations and pH values. The amounts of tryptophan extracted in the cationic and zwitterionic forms were calculated.

In the studies, ion exchange substrates prepared from new (standard) and spent ion exchange resins were used as fertilisers introduced into sand that served as a model of degraded soil. The obtained results showed a strong effect of the additions of standard ion exchange substrates on grass yield. It progressively increased with the increase of substrate fraction in the sand at its low content (up to 5–7%). One percent additions only of ion exchange substrates into sand increased plant yield from three to nine times. It was also noticed that an addition of one volume percent of the substrate brought the fertility of sand to that of commercially available garden soil. Results of the experiments with spent ion exchangers exhibited their fertiliser utility as an ion exchange substrate (the Mp substrate) and as monoionic forms containing potassium, nitrate and phosphate ions (the NPK monoionic forms). The plant yield obtained on sand enriched with the Mp substrate or with the NPK monoionic forms was from 1.5 to 4.5 times higher than that obtained on sand alone. At the same time the boost to growth to be attributed to the introduction of the standard substrate into sand was from two to four times greater than that caused by an addition of the Mp substrate or the NPK monoionic forms. The higher efficacy of the standard substrate compared to that of the Mp resulted from greater potassium and phosphorus contents in that substrate. The lower plant biomass on sand fertilised with the NPK monoionic forms compared to that obtained on sand enriched with the standard substrate was caused by a lower content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus and a lack of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in the mixture of the NPK forms.

The paper describes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of Fiban K-1 ion-exchanging fibres developed by the Belarus Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry. Since the virgin fibre loses its mechanical properties during different stages of its conversion into an ion exchanger the most important problem is the ability to process ion-exchanging fibres into filtration fabric by means of textile processing. The results of technological trials of carding and needle-felting, as carried out by the Textile Research Institute in Lodz, are also described in this publication.

Selecting a plant root nutrient delivery system is one of the key aspects of designing root modules for space plant growth chambers. This article examines a number of the nutrient delivery systems and shows the most suitable technique for providing nutrients to roots in microgravity, which to date are ion-exchange artificial soils. In addition, this article characterizes the ion composition and hydrophysical parameters of a new Russian artificial ion charged fiber substrate, BIONA-V3. The BIONA-V3 substrate is comprised of ion-exchange resin fibers. The experimental data concerning the effects of anionic and cationic components on plant biomass is presented. Preliminary experiments with BIONA-V3 showed that 1 kg of dry BIONA-V3 produces up to 2.4 kg (fresh mass) of cabbage leaf or 180 g of dry plant mass per 1 dm3 of the substrate. Therefore, the root zone volume can be as small as 120 cm3 per plant. Further optimizing the nutrient composition of the resin fibers can increase space plant growth chamber productivity.

The possibilities and advantages of fibrous ion exchangers in different water treatment processes have been discussed in comparison with their granular analogues. The main advantage of fibrous ion exchangers is a unique combination of an extremely high rate of ion exchange process (like microspheric resins) and a low hydrodynamic resistance of the filtering layer (like conventional industrial resins). This allows using fibrous ion exchangers in shallow filtering beds (1–3 cm) at high flow rates of the purified water. A high efficiency of fibrous ion exchangers is demonstrated on several practically important examples: water softening, water purification from trace amounts of led, copper, cadmium and zinc and nitrates. Data on the properties of commercially available fibrous ion exchangers of FIBAN® type are presented. Alternative technologies of water treatment processes are discussed in comparison with the conventional fixed bed ion exchange technology. Fibrous ion exchangers can be a good supplement to traditional ion exchangers, especially in wastewater purification because they allow treatment of large volumes of water in a short period of time.

This article examines a family of ion-exchange fibers, FIBAN, containing primary and secondary amine groups. These ion exchangers have a fiber diameter of 20–40 Μm, high osmotic and mechanic stability, a high rate of adsorption and regeneration, and excellent dynamic characteristics as filtering media. Inparticular, this article discusses the use of FIBAN fibrous ion exchangers in the recovery of gold cyanide andbase-metal cyanides (copper and mercury) from mineral-leaching solutions. The influence of polymer structure and water content on their extraction ability is described, along with key parameters of gold hydrometallurgy such as extraction efficiency, selectivity, pH dependence, gold cyanide loading, kinetics, and stripping.

The effect of minor additions of ion exchange substrates Biona and mechanical mixtures of ion exchangers, saturated with a full set of biogenic elements, on the productivity of sand and garden soil was investigated. The addition of 2% of substrate Biona increased the crops by four to five times for soil and four to eight times for sand. The effect of the addition of the mixture of the monoionic forms was also very pronounced (two to three times) while less than that of the addition of the ion exchange substrate. Results of the experiments showed that ion exchanger substrates could be used for fertilization of depleted soils.

The extraction of proline with a solution of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid in octane, a liquid cation exchanger, from aqueous and aqueous salt-containing solutions was investigated. It was shown that the dependence of the selectivity coefficient on the equivalent fraction of proline in the liquid cation exchanger phase is adequately described by a mathematical model proposed previously under the assumption that at least four nearest neighboring ions affect the interaction energy of the cation and the anion of proline on a given exchange site.

Palladium-containing catalysts based on fibrous sulfonic type cation exchanger FIBAN K-1 have been synthesized and investigated in the oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen. The effect of the ionic form (H+, Na+ and Ba2+), quantity of introduced palladium (by ion exchange from [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2 solution), conditions of reduction and activation of the fibrous catalyst on its activity have been studied. It was established that 0.1% Pd/Ba–K-1 catalytic system activated under optimal conditions provides full conversion of hydrogen without preliminary heating of the reaction mixture.

Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceVolume 77, Issue 13 p. 3024-3026 Note IR spectroscopic study of fibers made of polypropylene with grafted copolymer of styrene and divinyl benzene A. A. Shunkevich, A. A. Shunkevich Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, BelarusSearch for more papers by this authorV. S. Soldatov, V. S. Soldatov Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, Belarus Technical University of Lublin, 20-618, Lublin, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorO. P. Popova, O. P. Popova Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, BelarusSearch for more papers by this authorKatherine Kober, Corresponding Author Katherine Kober Fracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaFracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia===Search for more papers by this authorA. Tshmel, A. Tshmel Fracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author A. A. Shunkevich, A. A. Shunkevich Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, BelarusSearch for more papers by this authorV. S. Soldatov, V. S. Soldatov Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, Belarus Technical University of Lublin, 20-618, Lublin, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorO. P. Popova, O. P. Popova Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220072 Minsk, Surganova 13, BelarusSearch for more papers by this authorKatherine Kober, Corresponding Author Katherine Kober Fracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaFracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia===Search for more papers by this authorA. Tshmel, A. Tshmel Fracture Physics Department, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 July 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000923)77:13<3024::AID-APP29>3.0.CO;2-RRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume77, Issue1323 September 2000Pages 3024-3026 RelatedInformation

The extraction of phenylalanine (mainly in the protonated form) with a liquid sulfocationite (a solution of dinonylnaphthosulfonic acid in hexane) was studied. The absorption of phenylalanine via the nonionic mechanism was found to contribute significantly to the extraction of the amino acid with the sulfocationite. The dependence of the selectivity coefficient on the equivalent fraction of phenylalanine in the liquid ionite phase was closely described by a quartic equation.

A new technology for removal and recovery of coagulants from water clarifier sludge has been optimized at laboratory scale pilot plant level. The process is based on the use fibrous exchangers showing good kinetic and thermodynamic performance toward coagulant species (Al, Fe) present in the acidic leachate (pH 3.5) from water clarifier sludge. The innovation allows for the solution of the environmental problem related to clarifier sludge disposal (residual solids after metals leaching are safely applied to land), and quantitative recovery of coagulants to the water potabilisation operations.Process optimisation, by using real clarifier sludge from the Sinni River Water Works (Apulian Water Authority, S.E. Italy), was carried-out and results are illustrated in the paper. A commercial weak cation fibrous exchanger (Fiban K4) with carboxylate functionality, selectively removed aluminium and ferric species in "moving bed" unit operations with the resin re-circulating through the stationary exhaustion and regeneration baths. Resin regeneration was efficiently carried-out by the use of 0.4M NaOH solution for quantitative recovery of almost pure coagulants, ready for reuse. Together with process optimisation, the paper also reports some mechanistic indications on the fibrous resin performance toward polyvalent metal species retention at the resin functional groups.