The Lewis model of epidermoid carcinoma that developed in the lungs of F1(C57Bl/6 × DBA/2) hybrid mice has been used while investigating antitumor activity of the N-glycoside derivative indolo[2,3-a]carbazole (LCS-1269) with a polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. as an adjuvant agent. The antitumor effect of LCS-1269 together with the polysaccharide was evaluated by the inhibition of tumor growth in treated ani mals in comparison to the control group. As a result, it was found that combination of LCS-1269 with the polysaccharide from Helianthus tuberosus L. provided more pronounced therapeutic and longer-lasting effect than monotherapy showing a 53–64% decrease in growth of Lewis lung carcinoma for up to a 28-day obser vation period. Polysaccharide supplementation led to an increase in the number of blood cells leukocytes, lymphocytes and phagocytes responsible for antitumor immunity. The chemotherapy in combination with LCS-1269 and polysaccharide had a pronounced sustained antitumor effect on Lewis lung carcinoma in the peripheral blood system of mice in presence of a temporarily increased level of neutrophils and monocytes by the 12th day of tumor development. Apparently, the tested compounds stimulated proliferation of neutrophils and monocytes of certain phenotypes with antitumor activity at an earlier stage of Lewis lung carcinoma de velopment.

Background. The new anticancer chemical compound LHS-1269 from the class of indolocarbazoles is undergoing preclinical studies at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia. LHS-1269 has a high antitumor activity on transplanted tumors of mice, showed high cytotoxic activity on many tumor cells lines in vitro , and has shown an inhibitory effect on vasculogenic mimicry in tumors in vitro . LHS-1269 does not affect the catalytic activity of human topoisomerases I and IIα. An antiangiogenic mechanism of the drug’s antitumor action is suggested. Aim. To evaluate the effect of LHS-1269 on the morphological features and angiogenesis of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in BDF 1 mice. Materials and methods. In BDF 1 mice ( n = 20) with transplanted LLC tumor on days 1 and 3 after 5-fold intraperitoneal administration of LHS-1269 in a single dose of 60 mg (total dose – 300 mg/kg), mice ( n = 20) on days 5 and 8 after a single intravenous injection of LHS-1269 at a dose of 100 mg/kg, mice ( n = 20) with transplanted LLC tumor without administration of LHS-1269 (control). The assessment of the antitumor effect was carried out according to the criterion of inhibition of tumor growth (%) and the study of the morphological features of the tumors. To assess the effect of LHS-1269 on tumor angiogenesis in LLC tumor sections, a visual calculation of the average number (density) of blood vessels and immunohistochemical detection of expression of the CD31+ endothelial marker were performed. Results. The LHS-1269 compound in animal groups with 5-fold and 1-fold use caused tumor growth inhibition – 59–70 and 67–79 %, with pronounced morphological changes and tumor cell death. There is an uneven distribution of blood vessels in tumors and surrounding tissues in all groups. LHS-1269 caused a statistically significant decrease in the average number of blood vessels in the tumor both after 5-fold and after 1-fold administration. The statistically significant decrease in the average number of blood vessels in the surrounding connective tissue tumor was observed only after 5-fold administration of the drug. The decrease in the average number of CD31+ endothelial cells after five times intraperitoneal administration was statistically insignificant compared to control (83.1 ± 8.7 and 59.6 ± 18.9, respectively). The increase in this indicator after a single intravenous injection of LHS-1269 was statistically significant. Conclusion. LHS-1269, when administered five times and once in mice, caused pronounced morphological changes in the form of damage and death of LLC tumor cells. The results of a study of angiogenesis in a tumor do not allow an unambiguous conclusion about the inhibitory effect of LHS-1269 on angiogenesis in LLC tumors in mice.

Introduction. Early malignant tumor detection programs have significantly increased the survival rate of breast cancer patients but the results of drug therapy for this pathology are not always highly effective. Recently discovered iron-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, makes it a promising therapeutic target to reduce the recurrence rates. Objective – to study the induction of ferroptosis in breast cancer cells MCF-7 by quinazoline derivatives synthesized at the Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia and to evaluate its antitumor activity on transplanted breast carcinoma Ca-755. Materials and methods. Derivatives of 3-hydroxyquinazoline were obtained by chemical synthesis and have a purity of at least 95 %. In this study 2D cultivation of MCF7 cells, phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, and a model of experimental growth of breast carcinoma Ca-755 in female hybrids of immunocompetent mice F1 (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2) were used. Results. Five derivatives of 3-hydroxyquinazoline, analogues of erastine, were studied in this work. The ferroptotic cell death was identified by the level of lipid peroxidation at the concentrations of 1/3 and 1/5 IC 50 . The level of lipid peroxidation induced by compound 3 was comparable with the activity of erastin in MCF7 cells at both 1/3 and 1/5 of IC 50 , the activity of the other four quinazoline derivatives was 50–70 % of the activity of erastin. In in vivo experiments at a dose of 30 mg/kg the antitumor efficacy of the compound 3 was higher than that of erastin at the same dose. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that quinazoline derivative 3 might be considered as a promissisng antitumor agent to treat breast cancer.

The review discusses the literature data and the results of our own research on the role of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in carcinogenesis. The antitumor potential of eNOS inhibi-tors and the molecular mechanisms of their action are analyzed.

Introduction. The main cause of clinical progression of tumor under the conditions of treatment is the resistance. Reactivate apoptosis in resistant to chemotherapy cells is impossible, the tumor grows into an irreversible growth phase. Recently published data on the ability of ferroptosis inducers to induce the death of resistant cells opens up new possibilities for improving the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.The purpose of the study – assessment of the mechanism of ferroptosis induction of the synthesized analogue of erastin OVN‑002 on Mel Z melanoma cells and investigation of its antitumor activity on transplanatated B‑16 melanoma of mice.Materials and methods. In this study 2D cultivation of metastatic Mel Z melanoma cells, phase‑contrast and fluorescence microscopy, and a model of experimental growth of B‑16 melanoma in female hybrids of immu‑ nocompetent mice F1 (C57Bl/6 × DBA / 2) were used. The antitumor effect was evaluated by measurement of tumor growth inhibition (TGI, %) and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared to the control ones.Results. The cytotoxic activity of OVN‑002 was equal to the activity of erastin on metastatic melanoma cells Mel Z: 744 ± 20 and 719 ± 20 a. u., respectively. OVN‑002 at a dose 50 mg / kg reduced the growth of experimental melanoma B‑16 about 81 % (TGI 81–57 %, p <0.05). The effect was stable up to 7th day, while erastin showed only a direct antitumor effect (TGI 65 %, p <0.05).Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that OVN‑002 might be considered as a novel antitumor agent.

Introduction. The search for new antineoplastic agents in a series of indolo[2,3-a]-carbazole derivatives is an urgent and promising direction, since compounds with antitumor activity have been found in this class. In the chemical fusion laboratory, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center оf the Ministry of Health of Russia has developed an original and effective method for the synthesis of glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]-pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles, which makes it possible to synthesize derivatives of N-glycosides of indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles with different substituents in the heterocyclic parts including at the maleimide nitrogen atom and with different carbohydrate residues.The purpose of the study – the primary assessment of the antitumor activity of new derivatives of indolocarbazoles with a carbohydrate residue xylose in models of tumor growth mice.Materials and methods. The compounds studied at transplanted tumors of mice: the Lewis epidermoid carcinoma (LLC), colon cancer ACATOL, cervical cancer RSHM-5, breast adenocarcinoma CA-755. Studies were performed on immunocompetent mice: males and females of BDF1 hybrids (C57Bl/6 × DBA/2), females CBA/Lac and Balb/c. Compound solutions were prepared ex tempore and administered to the mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg daily for five days. The antitumor effect was evaluated as to of tumor growth inhibition and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared with the control ones.Results. Eight compounds studied, containing D-xylose as a carbohydrate component and various substituents at the maleimide nitrogen atom, showed different degrees of antitumor activity. Two derivatives have been identified: N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]benzamide (compound 4) and N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xylopyranosyl)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide (compound 8), which showed high antitumor activity on 4 solid tumors of mice with a duration of effect of 12 days or more. The most pronounced antitumor effect was obtained in compounds 4 and 8 in RSHM-5 and Ca-755, tumor growth inhibition was amounted, respectively: in RSHM-5 – 68–82 % and 80–72 %; for Ca-755 – 57–62 % and 86–68 % (p <0.05).Conclusion. For further research, we chose the compound (N-[5,7-dioxo-12-(β-D-xilopiranosil)-5,7,12,13-tetrahydro-6H-indole[2,3-a] pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-6-il]pyridin-2-carboxamide).

Взаимодействием N-гликозидов индоло[2,3-a]фурано[3,4-c]карбазол-5,7-дионов с гидразингидратом, гидрохлоридом гидроксиламина, формилгидразином получены соответствующие N-6 замещенные гликозиды индолопирролокарбазолов. В качестве углеводных остатков использованы L-арабиноза, D-галактоза, D-ксилоза и D-рибоза. Полученные соединения изучены in vitro и in vivo. Они показали значительную антипролиферативную активность на клетках HCT-116 (IC50 10–6 – 10–7 М) и высокий противоопухолевый эффект на асцитных моделях опухоли Эрлиха и лимфолезкозе Р-388. Увеличение продолжительности жизни животных на первой модели составило от 540 – 495 % до 172 – 132 % и от 80 – 83 % до 120 – 93 % на второй модели.

Reactions of indolo[2,3- a ]furano[3,4- c ]carbazole-5,7-diones with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and formyl hydrazine produced the corresponding N -6-substituted indolopyrrolocarbazole glycosides with the carbohydrate residues L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-xylose, and D-ribose. The obtained compounds were studied in vitro and in vivo and showed significant antiproliferative activity against HCT-116 cells (IC 50 = 10 –6 – 10 –7 M) and high antitumor effects on Ehrlich ascites tumor and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia models. The lifespan increase of animals in the first model ranged from 540 – 495% to 172 – 132%; in the second model, from 80 – 83% to 120 – 93%.

n this review we discuss the current data on the molecular determinants of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death. We focus on involvement of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and VDAC2 and VDAC3, voltage-dependent anion channels, in ferroptosis. Here we discuss in details the induction of type I ferroptosis induction, based on the inhibition of the Xc-system and type II ferroptosis induction based on the inhibition of GPx4. Information is given on other regulatory molecules, particularly, HSF1-HSPB1, p53 CARS, NRF2 and major inducers and inhibitors of ferroptose.

The paper discusses the possible mechanisms of antitumor action of indolocarbazole derivatives. Here we present a data that show interaction drugs based on indolocarbazole derivatives with several intracellular targets and consequently activation different pathways of cell death. Also we present results of our studies on the mechanisms of antitumor action of compounds LCS-1006 and LCS-1208 synthesized in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia.

The superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite citrate (SNMCs) consisting of nanospheres aggregates with the hydrodynamic diameter being between 15 to 35 nm with a magnetite core diameter of 3 to 12 nm, coated with of citrate anions was synthesized. A water 25% sol of SNMC was successfully tested as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The same 40% sol was then combined with Inox and used at regional magneto-thermo-chemotherapy (RMTCT) of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and Ehrlich carcinoma (EC), in female C57Bl / 6j mice. In the early stages of carcinoma development, the proliferation centers of LLC and EC cells were visualized and, during treatment, they obtained a significant increase in the efficiency of regional magneto-thermo-chemo-therapy.

Introduction . The report considers the prospect of rational approach to the new anticancer agents creation based on indolocarbazole derivatives.Objective . To conduct a comparative study of 12 domestic N-glycosides, indolo[2,3-a]pirrolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives in the course of “structure – activity” bond analysis.Materials and methods . The investigation of influence of 12 carbohydrate – containing indolocarbazoles, synthesized in N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, performed on models of solid transplantable mouse tumors: lung Lewis epidermoid carcinoma and B16 melanoma. The antitumor effect was assessed by Lewis epidermoid carcinoma and B16 melanoma tumor growth inhibition (TGI %) criterion.Results . A variety of indolocarbazoles modifications allowed revealing the dependence of their antitumor properties on the structure of both, the aglycone and the glycoside residue. Imino-nitrogen interchange of atoms in upper heterocycle influences on indocarbazole derivatives antitumor activity change. During a comparative study of 12 N-glycosides indolocarbazole derivatives on lung Lewis epidermoid carcinoma and B16 melanoma models, 8 derivatives showed antitumor activity.Conclusion . The formulated concepts on the modification features in indolocarbazole derivatives structure can be used for more active compounds creation with greater action selectivity.

Introduction.The existence of the active metabolite (amino acid) residue in the of an indolocarbazole molecule changes physical-chemical and pro-medicinal properties of aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole. The computer method has earlier foretold low probability of their cytotoxic activity in vitro that was confirmed in the MTT-test on 5 lines of tumor cells. The same computer method predicted significant probability of antineoplastic activity of aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole in vivo that demands the experimental check. Purpose of the study– assessment of aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole as potential antitumor medications.Materials and methods.The research of antineoplastic activity of aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole was performed on mice tumoral models – cervical cancer СС5. Abdominal injections were made to CBA/Lac mice 5 times a day with 24 h interval. Observation of animals was continued till their death. The antineoplastic effect of medicines was estimated according to tumor growth inhibition, increase in life expectancy of experiental mice in comparison with control animals.Results.The optimum dose for this number of compounds, equal to 100 mg/kg is titrated. The antineoplastic activity of aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole on the model СС5 is estimated.Conclusions.On the basis of the obtained data the expanded research of antineoplastic properties of the selected 5 aminoacid derivatives glycosides of indolocarbazole is supposed to perform in vivo.

Objective: to study the cytotoxic activity of the zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with antipyrine (AP), caffeine (caf) and 1,10-phenantroline (phen) in comparison with that of free ligands, zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodides in vitro. Materials and methods. The cytotoxic activity of the zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with AP, caf and phen in comparison with that of free ligands, zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodides was investigated by methylthiazole tetrazolium assay using 5 human tumor cell lines. Results. It has been found that all 3 cadmium complexes demonstrate cytotoxic activity towards all 5 cell lines with concentration of inhibition of 50 % cell growth 5.5-84.0 mkM. Cytotoxicity of the most active diiodo(1,10-phenantroline)cadmium was slightly above than that of the respective ligand. One zinc-containing complex (diiodo(1,10-phenantroline)zinc) demonstrated significant activity towards 3 cell lines. The Jurkat cells were the most sensitive to studied compounds. Conclusion. It seems that zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with organic ligands are promising ones as potential antitumor drugs for further investigations both in vitro and in vivo.

Background. The addition of active metabolites (in particular, amino acids) to the molecule affects the physicochemical and prodrug properties of derivatives of indolocarbazoles. Using computed chemoinformatics, probability antitumor activity of amino-acid derivatives of glycosides of indolocarbazol (AADGI) is predicted with low probability of their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Based on these data, a study of these compounds in vivo is conducted. Objective: the assessment of AADGI as potential antitumor medications. Materials and methods. Research antitumor activity of AADGI was done using murine tumor models - cervical cancer CC-5. Investigated compounds were injected to mice СВА abdominally 5-times daily with interval of 24 h. Observation of animals were continued till their death. Antitumor effect of compounds was assessed by criteria of tumor growth inhibition and increase in life expectancy of mice comparing to control animals. Results. The optimal dose for these series of compounds was titrated and this dose is 100 mg/kg. Antitumor activity of AADGI was assessed on CC-5. Conclusions. Based on data received we suggest an extended study in vivo of antitumor qualities of selected 5 leader AADGI.

Objective: to study the cytotoxic activity of the zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with antipyrine (AP), caffeine (caf) and 1,10-phenantroline (phen) in comparison with that of free ligands, zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodides in vitro. Materials and methods. The cytotoxic activity of the zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with AP, caf and phen in comparison with that of free ligands, zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodides was investigated by methylthiazole tetrazolium assay using 5 human tumor cell lines. Results. It has been found that all 3 cadmium complexes demonstrate cytotoxic activity towards all 5 cell lines with concentration of inhibition of 50 % cell growth 5.5-84.0 mkM. Cytotoxicity of the most active diiodo(1,10-phenantroline)cadmium was slightly above than that of the respective ligand. One zinc-containing complex (diiodo(1,10-phenantroline)zinc) demonstrated significant activity towards 3 cell lines. The Jurkat cells were the most sensitive to studied compounds. Conclusion. It seems that zinc (II) and cadmium (II) iodide complexes with organic ligands are promising ones as potential antitumor drugs for further investigations both in vitro and in vivo.

The germinal area of a hippocampus and olfactory bulb is structured on a type of morphofunctional zones. Proliferation of cambial cells in each subunit of the zone happens not simultaneously: first the first 6 cells, and then the other 6 divide. The differentiation of daughter cells occurs in the electric field excited by 12 pairs of mother and daughter cells received during cambial cells division. The quantity of cambial cells in the olfactory bulbs and the hippocampus falls with aging. It is connected with decrease in a share of an inactive Src-kinase and RhoA in all the organism germ loci including a brain. At the same time formation of neurons cytoskeleton and their processes suffers, the spasm of cells increases and the proliferative activity of cambial cells falls. In a hippocampus decrease in the proliferative activity of cambial cells is expressed more than in olfactory bulbs due to the influence of glucocorticoids which strengthen a spasm of cells and by that continue to reduce cell proliferation.