辽河油田蕴藏着丰富的地热资源,利用废弃油井实现地热资源开发利用能够带来巨大的社会经济效益和环境效益,但利用现有的改井方式改造地热井出水量偏低、伴有出砂现象,不能满足对矿区地热的开发利用.为此,对径向钻孔、射孔 + 压裂防砂技术 2 种改井方式进行了简要介绍,并分别选择废弃油井 JX1 井、JX2 井进行了地热井改井试验,试验表明,在热储层不足的地区利用地热资源时,采用径向钻孔技术改井可以提高单位厚度含水层的产水量,可有效改善现有改井方式存在的地热井出水量偏低问题,在沟通地层增大地层泄流面积方面更具优势.射孔改井的地热井进行压裂填砂可提高防砂效果.针对同时伴有出水量低、出砂 2 个问题的井,建议尝试采用径向钻孔+ 压裂防砂技术联合改井,预期可以大幅度提高出水量、降低出砂量,满足改井要求.

旋转导向工具由于尺寸大,在钻井过程中井壁不稳定时容易发生卡钻、埋钻等复杂故障,处理难度大,现场应用受到一定限制.针对这种情况,文章研究了一种适用于定向钻进过程中的电控式扭矩离合控制工具.该工具在定向过程中可以将下部钻具与上部钻具的扭矩进行分离,实现上部钻具随钻盘低转速旋转送钻,下部钻具与螺杆工具配合滑动定向钻进.该工具由两部分组成:地面信号下传单元和井下信号接收及离合控制单元.井下信号接收及离合控制单元安放在近钻头位置,地面信号下传单元通过钻井液将信号传递到井下,离合控制单元接收指令后,用电液控制方式执行钻柱扭矩分离与结合动作.该工具使用的关键点是安放位置和反扭矩的控制,通过对下部钻具摩阻扭矩的分析,运用Landmark软件计算工具安放位置,抗反扭矩工具可抵抗并吸收螺杆钻具的反扭矩.现场应用表明,该系统可有效缓解托压,降摩减阻,稳定工具面,提高钻压传递效率,较大幅度提高机械钻速,实现低成本代替旋转导向工具,具有广阔应用前景.

现有水力钻孔技术虽然弥补了传统火药射孔穿透距离短、有压实效应等不足,但施工时需要油管或连续管配合,作业周期长、成本高,而且仅依靠地面泵压信号难以直接准确监测施工进程.针对这一问题,进行了井壁深穿透电控钻孔技术研究.优选直流电机代替高压水泵作为施工的能量来源;采用电缆悬吊方式代替油管或连续管传送钻孔工具,通过电缆传输电能和发送控制命令控制钻孔作业;研制实时监测系统,以及时准确地监测地层钻进过程,形成了井壁深穿透电控钻孔系统.地面试验和现场试验证明,该技术可钻入地层2.00 m以上,形成直径20.0～30.0 mm的孔道,其监测系统通过识别和记录井下霍尔传感器在地层钻进时产生的脉冲电信号,可及时准确地计算出实际钻孔长度.研究结果表明,井壁深穿透电控钻孔技术采用电缆传送,高效、快速、成本低,很好地弥补了传统火药射孔的不足,为沟通改造近井地层提供了一种新方法;同时,该技术的监测系统可在施工时对钻进长度等参数实时监测,解决了现有水力钻孔技术无法监测施工进程的问题.

Ultra Short Radius Drilling System (USRDS) can drill up to 50 m to 100 m perforation into the reservoir along the radial direction from wellbore,in order to penetrating the mud belt and increasing the drainage area for improving the production of well.The USRDS Transited the drilling trajectory from vertical to horizontal by diverter and the screw motor and Cardan shaft driving the milling cutter to drill a hole of the oil casing,then the injection hose and the jet bit is putted into the well and drilled into the oil layer by hydraulic jetting.According to the results of application,the hydraulic drilling was effectively in soft formation but hard formation.The maxperf drilling system was introduced which was consisted of semi-rigid drill pipe,diamond bit and so on it has a more significant effect on hard formation.It will be the future trend of USRDS.

辽河油田双229-34-66井位于辽河坳陷西部凹陷清东陡坡带洼111区块,地层硬度高、研磨性强,在使用PDC钻头钻进时容易发生粘滑现象,造成机械钻速慢、钻井效率低.本文研究了液力扭转冲击工具在双229-34-66井现场实际应用情况以及和邻井的相关数据对比,得出液力扭转冲击工具对钻井提速起着至关重要的作用,同时该工具还可以使钻进过程更加稳定,起到保护钻头和钻具的作用.

提出一种易漏地层完井装置,用以解决易漏失地层固井时,水泥浆侵入地层的现象.该装置采用2个封隔器将易漏失地层的两端分别密封,外筒和中心管间的环形空间供水泥浆流通,避免了水泥浆和漏失层位的接触,解决了易漏失地层固井难的问题,初步模拟试验证明此方法是可行的.

为解决当前清除油管内壁水垢和腊费用高、工序繁琐的问题,提出了一种油管除垢清蜡装置.该装置采用钢丝绳起、下,地面高压泵打压,螺杆马达带动铣锥旋转切削水垢或蜡的方法,实施对油管内壁的清理,压力液将碎屑循环出井口.地面试验取得了良好的效果,该技术降低了费用,减少了工作量,具有推广前景.

The utility model relates to a tool used for oil and natural gas underground operation, in particular to a combined type oil pipe circulating valve. A circulating hole is formed in the side wall of the middle of a pipe of a device. An upper valve body is fixed to the portion, at the upper end of the circulating hole, of the inner wall of the pipe through an upper shear pin. The upper valve body and the inner wall of the pipe are sealed through a sealing ring. A conic ball seat is arranged on the inner wall of the lower end of the upper valve body. A lower valve body is fixed to the portion, at the lower end of the circulating hole, of the inner wall of the pipe through a lower shear pin. The lower valve body and the inner wall of the pipe are sealed through a sealing ring. An insulation ball is packed at the portion, at the upper end of the lower valve body, of the conic ball seat. A valve element is composed of a connecting rib, an outer ring and a mandrel. The outer ring and the mandrel are connected through rib plates. A channel allowing slurry and cement paste to circulate is reserved between the rib plates. According to the combined type oil pipe circulating valve, impurities inside a pipe column are removed cyclically, the condition that construction is affected due to the fact that the impurities in the oil pipe enter a construction tool at the bottom of the oil pipe is avoided, operation is simple, and the following operation process is not affected.

西15—5．4井是长城钻探工程院自主研发的径向井技术在吉林油田施工的一口井，该井在井深459m-463．2m处钻出5个50m长的径向井眼。介绍了该技术的工艺原理、技术特点、主要设备组成，及其在西15—5．4井新井完井中的应用情况。该技术具有周期短、成本低优势，可以替代部分常规射孔、酸化、压裂、侧钻和小井眼钻井等增产措施，在老区挖潜、低渗油藏开发等方面具有广泛的应用前景。

Pipes are uploaded or returned by using winches and cables on traditional offshore drilling platforms.This method has many unfavorable factors like lower-reliability,lower-efficiency and so on.A kind of automatic catwalk-machine was designed.With the hydraulic pressure as power,the catwalk-machine handled several drilling pipes once,and all functions could be realized with remote controlling on the drill floor,thus enhancing safety,reducing drilling operation cost.

In order to realize the pipe automatic transferring on drilling platforms,a kind of gantry crane is presented.It consists of bridge structure,gantry,trolley,hosting,hand grip and so on.With the hydraulic pressure as power and installed on main deck,the gantry crane can transfer pipe between deck and catwalk-machine and has some features as reliable performance,high efficiency and so on.

Comparison on two different drill pipe treatment methods of drilling platforms,and some foreign typical drill pipe automatic handling systems are introduced in this paper,which will be helpful to domestic research.