Abstract—Seeds of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. were irradiated with neutrons with an average energy of 1.6 MeV at a dose of 10 Gy. Irradiation was performed at the end of the limiting time for preserving the conditioned freshness of seeds. The seeds were germinated in a hypomagnetic chamber at a magnetic induction of 1 ×103, 1.4 × 102, and 2 × 101 nT, which corresponded to the reduction of the geomagnetic field by 5 × 101, 3.6 × 102 , and up to 2.5 × 103 times, as well as at laboratory conditions (5 × 101 μT). After germinating at hypomagnetic conditions, the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations in the root meristem of seedlings grown from irradiated seeds increased at all the considered values of the reduced geomagnetic field. The synergistic effect of factors according to the criterion of cells with chromosomal aberrations and the antagonistic interaction according to the average number of dividing cells at the stages of ana-telophase was noted.

Семена салата посевного Lactuca sativa L. облучали нейтронами со средней энергией 1.6 МэВ в дозе 10 Гр. Облучение производилось в конце предельного срока сохранения кондиционной свежести семян. Семена проращивали в гипомагнитной камере при величинах магнитной индукции 1·103 нТл, 1.4·102 нТл, 2·101 нТл, что соответствует ослаблению геомагнитного поля в 5·101, 3.6·102 и до 2.5·103 раз, а также в лабораторных условиях (5·101 мкТл). При прорастании в гипомагнитных условиях происходит увеличение процента клеток с хромосомными аберрациями в корневой меристеме проростков, выросших из облученных семян, при всех рассматриваемых величинах ослабления геомагнитного поля. Отмечено синергическое взаимодействие факторов по критерию клеток с хромосомными аберрациями и антагонистическое взаимодействие для среднего количества делящихся клеток в стадиях ана-телофазы.

The effect ionizing radiation and hypomagnetic conditions have on the lettuce seeds of Lactuca sativa L is studied on the 120-cm cyclotron at Moscow State University’s Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics. The seeds are irradiated with deuterons having an energy of ~13.7 MeV at doses of 65 Gy, 0.55, and 5.5 kGy. They are then germinated under conditions of a geomagnetic field weakened by 50 and 103 times. The change in the response of seeds to radiation exposure depending on the attenuation of the geomagnetic field is analyzed.

In this paper we analyze the possibility of using special methods and equipment of coherent photonics when working with multi-parameter information. Inverse two-phase coding and operational analysis of multi-parameter data can realize a number of probabilistic algorithms. The possibility and expediency of realization of not only the correlation algorithm underlying the holographic image recognition but also universal statistical algorithms using photonics methods is substantiated. A comparative analysis of photonic medical diagnostic systems running on a wide range of algorithms: search for precedent, correspondence diagnostics, deterministic diagnostics, Bayes algorithm. The results of experimental studies of medical diagnosis and the prediction of complex conditions is presented. Such an analysis is carried out by the means of vector-matrix multiplication using laser photonics methods. It is significant that with the widening of the range of probability algorithms, it is possible to preserve certain advantages of the holographic method: multidimensionality, efficiency, high information capacity and speed, visibility and flexibility of the result presentation. The methods described are of particular relevance in connection with the first photonic processors.

The impact of ionizing radiation and hypomagnetic conditions on seeds of the lettuce Lactuca sativa L. is studied on the 120-cm cyclotron at the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics. The seeds are irradiated with α-particles with energies of around 25.8 MeV and placed to germinate in a hypomagnetic chamber under conditions of an attenuated (up to 2500 times) geomagnetic field. Chromosomal aberrations in the first mitosis of the root meristem are analyzed. Changes in the irradiated samples are observed when compared to control samples. Hypomagnetic conditions greatly magnify the negative impact of ionizing radiation.

The various methods of laser coherent photonic implementations of multiparametric classification are discussed in this paper. The holographic and optical data processing methods for medical application are considered. Inverse two-phase coding and analysis of light distribution in the correlation plane enables us to realize a number of algorithms: search for a precedent, Hamming distance measurement, Bayes probability algorithm, deterministic and 'correspondence' algorithms. The experimental holographic results for medicine prognosis are shown.

During future interplanetary flights and on the lunar base, astronauts and bioregenerative systems on the space ship will occur in an interplanetary magnetic field, which is much lower than the habitual geomagnetic field (GMF). It is known that hypomagnetic conditions have an adverse biological effect on human beings and other living systems. In our research the Japanese quail has been chosen as one of the possible elements of the bioregenerative live support system. The magnetic system--Helmholtz's coils--is used for compensation of GMF. The GMF in the center of Helmholtz's coils was decreased to 80-100 times. The eggs were kept under hypomagnetic conditions for 4 and 10 days in a special nonmagnetic incubator. The experiments have demonstrated a negative influence of hypomagnetic fields on the embryo development of the Japanese quail. One of the possible ways to solve the problem consists in installing special magnetic systems onboard the interplanetary ship and a lunar base. Evidently, it is necessary to create an analogue of GMF for bioregenerative live support systems.

В дальнем космическом полете и на поверхности Луны и Марса человек, а также другие живые системы окажутся в гипомагнитных условиях, что отрицательно скажется на их жизнедеятельности. В работе описаны эксперименты по воздействию сниженного в 80–100 раз геомагнитного поля (использовали кольца Гельмгольца) на ранний период (4 и 10 сут) развития эмбрионов японского перепела. Японский перепел рассматривается как один из возможных элементов биорегенеративных систем жизнеобеспечения. Показано, что гипомагнитные условия вызвали у эмбрионов серьезные нарушения в формировании сердечно-сосудистой и других систем, наблюдалось заметное отставание в развитии. Некоторые из нарушений несовместимы с полноценной жизнедеятельностью. Полученные результаты развивают и дополняют имеющиеся в литературе данные, что гипомагнитные условия оказывают отрицательное воздействие на организм в стадии развития. Одним из возможных решений проблемы гипомагнитных условий в межпланетном пространстве является создание в отсеках корабля, занимаемых человеком и живыми системами, а также на лунной (и марсианской) базах аналога геомагнитного поля при помощи специальных магнитных систем. Возможное существенное сокращение сроков дальних пилотируемых полетов за счет разработки принципиально новых энергодвигательных комплексов не снимет проблемы воздействия гипомагнитных условий межпланетного пространства.

The effect of α-particles on one of the simplest unicellular organisms, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cyanobacteria, is studied using a 120-cm cyclotron. Suspensions of cells are irradiated in a cuvette with walls made of thin mylar films. The energy of α-particles in the solution is 24 MeV. The linear energy transfer (LET) of α-particles is close to that of relativistic nuclei of the neon-magnesium group in galactic cosmic rays, making it possible to simulate their effect on biological objects. A number of apparent changes in the Synechocystis spectral characteristics are found for samples irradiated in and outside a hypomagnetic field.

The purpose of this article to show the laser coherent photonics methods can be use for classification of medical information. It is shown that the holography methods can be used not only for work with images. Holographic methods can be used for processing of information provided in the universal multi-parametric form. It is shown that along with the usual correlation algorithm enable to realize a number of algorithms of classification: searching for a precedent, Hamming distance measurement, Bayes probability algorithm, deterministic and "correspondence" algorithms. Significantly, that preserves all advantages of holographic method - speed, two- dimension, record-breaking high capacity of memory, flexibility of data processing and representation of result, high radiation resistance in comparison with electronic equipment. For example is presented the result of solving one of the problems of medical diagnostics - a forecast of organism state after mass traumatic lesions.

На 120-см циклотроне НИИЯФ МГУ изучено воздействие -частиц на простейший биологический одноклеточный организм: цианобактерию Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Суспензии этого организма облучали в кюветах со стенками из тонких лавсановых пленок. Энергия -частиц, попадающих в раствор, составляла 24 МэВ. Величина линейной передачи энергии (ЛПЭ) при этом близка к величине ЛПЭ релятивистских ядер группы неона–магния галактических космических лучей, что позволяет моделировать их воздействие на биообъекты. Обнаружено явное различие результатов облучения при нормальном значении геомагнитного поля и ослабленном до 500 раз.

The design features and the results of tests of a prototype of a screening chamber based on MAR-1K roll magnetic material from tapes of amorphous magnetically soft alloys and intended for measurements when checking magnetically sensitive equipment and for investigating the effect of hypomagnetic conditions on biological specimens are considered. It is shown that, inside the working volume of a chamber with a diameter of 300 mm and length 500 mm, the Earth's magnetic field can be reduced by a factor of more than 1000.