Results of detecting of thermal neutron variations caused by sources of an interplanetary, atmospheric and lithospheric origin in Tien-Shan mountains by installations with the different site are presented. Comparison with data of the standard neutron monitor 18NM64 is carry out. Identity of the response of detectors of thermal neutrons and high energy (18NM64) on disturbance of the interplanetary environment by coronal mass ejections and change of atmospheric pressure is established. The additional thermal neutron flux was registered during seismic activity. The method of selection of thermal neutrons of lithospheric origin is offered.

The unit for detecting thermal neutrons, which makes it possible to study variations in cosmic rays of the interplanetary and geophysical origin, has been created at the high altitude cosmic ray station (3340 m above sea level) near the Earth’s crust fault. It has been established that variations in thermal neutrons are of the same nature as high-energy variations registered with a neutron supermonitor in the absence of seismic activity. The flux of thermal neutrons from the Earth’s crust during seismic activity in December 2006 has been registered for the first time. The flux value is higher than the background level by 5–6%. The method for detecting the flux of thermal neutrons from the Earth’s crust with the simultaneous registration of high-energy neutrons has been proposed.

The results of the investigation of the neutron flux variations at the Tien Shan high-altitude scientific station during solar eclipses on September 23, 1987; August 11, 1999; and March 29, 2006 are reported. It is established that, during these periods, the dynamics of neutron intensity variations in the frequency range 10−5–10−3 Hz is due to geophysical sources of disturbances. An increase in the thermal neutron flux from the Earth’s Crust is observed.

The investigations performed during several years in the Western Pamir at an altitude of 4000 m above sea level (glacier glade Fortambek and glade Fortambek) have revealed a difference of 20–30% between the fluxes of electrons with energies below 1 MeV and thermal neutrons on the glacier and glade (smaller for the glacier), which is most likely due to the different albedos of thermal neutrons in secondary cosmic rays for the interfaces between two media: air/glacier (water) and air/soil, and, therefore, to the different contributions of electrons from neutron β decay.

In 1990-1991 an increase in the neutron emission intensity was observed at the new Moon and full Moon in seismically active regions of the Pamir mountains. In 1997, principally new data indicating that neutron bursts result from tidal phenomena in the Earth's crust were obtained. On the other hand, it is known that tidal forces can act as a triggering mechanism for seismic activity. Examination of homogeneous global data on earthquakes for 1964-1992 allowed us to reveal a 2-week lunar periodicity of earthquakes associated with the new Moon and full Moon phases. A further study of neutron bursts and their correlation with seismic activity can lead to the formulation of a new type of precursors of an increase in seismic activity: neutron bursts due to solar-lunar-terrestrial gravitational interactions.

The gravitational interaction between the Sun and the planetary solar system gives rise to the well-known tidal waves at the planets. The tidal wave originating in the Earth's crust perpetually transforms the microstructure of the Earth's crust leading to a variation of the concentration of natural radioactive gases in the terrestrial air and to changed conditions of their leakage to the Earth's atmosphere. These variations give rise to bursts of thermal and slow neutrons in the vicinity of the Earth's crust, because the radioactive gases are sources of energetic alpha particles that induce neutron production upon the interaction with the nuclei of elements of the Earth's crust and atmosphere. In this work, the idea of neutron production in the ground coat is extended to the other celestial bodies interacting with one another.

The experimental researches at North of Tien Shan were carried out at height 3340 m above a sea level (Zhusalykesen' pass, high-level scientific station of the Physical Institute RAS) in August and December, 1999. The fluxes of neutrons and alfa-particles have been measured. The data of the neutron monitor and the counters of charged particles, that have been locating there too, were attracted also. The data set has allowed to estimate a share of thermal and slow neutrons, caused by processes in terrestrial crust, into a total neutron background. Dynamics of the neutron fluxes, connected with the tide forces in terrestrial crust during the complete solar eclipse in August 11, 1999 and the new moon in December 7, 1999, also have been observed. The contribution of neutrons from terrestrial crust was then not less 10% from a total neutron background. The flux of alfa-particles which form the additional flux of neutrons had the top limit 0.12±0.08 minsm. The experiment has confirmed, that one of the reasons for appearance of the additional neutrons can be the gravitational influence on the Earth of the Moon and the Sun. ________________________________________________

In seismically active regions of the Pamirs, a phenomenon of the increase of the neutron-emission intensity was discovered from 1990 to 1991, at the time of new and full moons. The qualitatively new data obtained in 1997 show that the neutron peaks are induced by the tidal forces acting in the Earth's crust. On the other hand, the tidal forces are known to be a possible trigger for seismic activity, An analysis of the uniform global data on earthquakes which occurred from 1964 to 1992 allowed us to find their two-week periodicity connected with the new and full phases of the Moon. Further consideration of the neutron bursts and their correlation with the seismic activity can reveal new types of precursors of the seismic-activity enhancement, namely, the neutron peaks governed by the solar-lunar-terrestrial relations.

In 1990-1991 years in seismically active region of Pamir the phenomenon of the increase of the intensity of neutron emission at the altitude of 4200m above sea level during new and full moon was discovered. The qualitatively new data showing that the neutron bursts are a resalt of the tidal forses acting in the Earth crust were obtained in 1997. It is known, on the other hand, that the tidal forces acting can be the trigger mechanism of display of seismic activity. The analysis of homogeneous global data on earthquakes for 1964- 1992 has permitted to reveal fortnight lunar periodicity connected with phase of new and full moon for these data. Further study of neutron bursts and their correlation with seismic activity can result in the discovery of a new type of the precursors of seismic activity increase -neutron bursts caused by Sun-Moon-Eart h gravitational connections.