The results of measuring the lifetime of negative molecular ions D_2^ - and HD ─ were refined by repeated processing: the lifetime of the D_2^ - ion is 3.9 ± 0.1 µs and that of the HD ─ ion is 4.6 ± 0.1 µs. The values of the beam energy at which the measurements were carried out were refined. It is shown that the measurement results are divided into two groups in which the lifetimes of the D_2^ - and HD ─ ions are equal with good accuracy.

The binding of aminoxyls to polymers extends their potential use as antioxidants and EPR-reporting groups and opens up new horizons for tailoring new smart materials. In this work, we synthesized and characterized non-sulfated and N-sulfated water-soluble amphiphilic chitosans with a critical micelle concentration of 0.02-0.05 mg/mL that contain 13-18% of aminoglycosides bound with various aminoxyls. Chitosan-polyaminoxyls (CPAs) formed micelles with hydrodynamic radii Rh of ca. 100 nm. The EPR spectra of CPAs were found to depend on the rigidity of the aminoxyl-polymer bond and structural changes caused by sulfation. CPAs demonstrated antioxidant capacity/activity in three tests against reactive oxygen species (ROS) of various nature. The charge of micelles and structure of aminoxyls significantly affected their antioxidant properties. CPAs were low toxic against tumor (HepG2, HeLa, A-172) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells (IC50 > 0.8 mM of aminoglycosides). Sulfated CPAs showed better water solubility and the ability of binding and retaining the anti-tumor antibiotic daunorubicin (DAU). DAU-loaded micelles of CPAs (CPAs-DAU) demonstrated a 1.5-4-fold potentiation of DAU cytotoxicity against several cell lines. CPAs-DAU micelles were found to affect the cell cycle in a manner markedly different from that of free DAU. Our results demonstrated the ability of CPAs to act as bioactive drug delivery vehicles.

NO donating iron nitrosyl complex with 2-aminothiophenyl ligand (2-AmPh complex) was studied for its ability to cause cell death and affect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The complex inhibited viability of HeLa cells and induced cell death that was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and characteristic for apoptosis phosphatidylserine externalization. At IC50, 2-AmPh caused decrease in nuclear content of NF-κB p65 polypeptide and mRNA expression of NF-κB target genes encoding interleukin-8 and anti-apoptotic protein BIRC3. mRNA levels of interleukin-6 and anti-apoptotic protein BIRC2 encoding genes were not affected. Our data demonstrate that NO donating iron nitrosyl complex 2-AmPh can inhibit tumor cell viability and induce apoptosis that is preceded by impairment of NF-κB function and suppression of a subset of NF-κB target genes.

A method for determining the lifetime of unstable ions is described. The method is based on measuring the decrease in the ion beam current onto a fixed detector with increasing path length of the ion beam from the ion source to the detector. The measurements performed for D − 2 and HD − molecular ions have shown that their lifetimes are 3.5 ± 0.1 and 4.4 ± 0.1 μs, respectively.

We studied effects of NO-donor iron nitrosyl complex with N-ethylthiourea ligand (ETM) on normal or tumor-derived cell lines. ETM was mildly toxic to most cell lines studied except the human glioma cell line A172 that proved to be highly sensitive to the complex and underwent cell death after ETM exposure. The high susceptibility of A172 cells to ETM was attributed to its NO-donor properties since no toxicity was detected for the N-ethylthiourea ligand.

Nitric oxide (NO) therapy is the newest approach to the treatment of socially important diseases all over the world. [...]

The influence of regulatory peptide type of AFP on the course of experimental ulcer was investigated. It has been shown that activation of apoptosis enhances local necrotic inflammatory reaction, on the one hand, and enables the development of adhesions with on the other.

D 2 − ions produced in collisions of D− ions with relative energies of 2.5–9.2 eV were detected for the first time. It is shown that the effective cross section for this reaction is no less than 1.5 × 10−14 cm2. Along with the theoretically predicted short-lived state of negative molecular deuterium ions, a state existing for more than 1 μs was observed.

Spectra of detached electrons produced in mutual collisions of D − ions in the relative energy range of 1.8−6.1 eV were investigated. In addition to electrons corresponding to conversion of D − ions into D 0 atoms, peaks corresponding to the production of D 2 molecules and D 2 − molecular ions in the ground electronic state were revealed. The existence of D 2 − ions over a time longer than the period of molecular oscillations was confirmed experimentally for the first time.

The anomalous character of threshold properties in the ion-molecule reactions H 2 + + H 2 + → H 3 + + p and H 2 + + H 2 + → H + p + H + p has been theoretically analyzed. It has been shown that these reactions proceed through the formation of the intermediate H 4 ++ complex. Molecules H 2 + in the collision process are described by a chemical model, where the positive charge is concentrated in one of the nuclei. The calculations of the reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data. It has been shown that the chemical model of the H 2 + molecule can be consistently explained only in terms of dynamic interactions, i.e., polarization forces and van der Waals forces.

Increasing the negative ions beam neutralization efficiency in NBI system is rather attractive. It is known, that neutralization efficiency of negative ion beam on plasma is higher than on gas. The model of plasma neutralizer for ITER NBI system - PNX-U facility is described here. Obtained experimental results give that chosen conception is promising and plasma neutralizer allows essential improvement of NBI system.

There was a study of 19 chronic pancreatitis patients (10 male and 9 female), 11 chronic pancreatitis and pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus patients (8 male and 3 female) and 12 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (4 male and 8 female) at the age of 30-60 as well as 15 control group subjects at the same age range. The content of the C-peptide and such peptides as INCINE, PAMG-cine and PAMG-tin in the blood serum was subjected to the immunoradiometric assay. It was discovered that there is a trend to the increased C-peptide level in CP patients while the C-peptide level in CP patients with diabetes mellitus was smaller than that in the control group; the C-peptide level in CP patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher as compared to that in the control group. It was shown that erythrocytes of CP patients are less sensitive to insulin action and do not respond to the presence of insulinomimetic peptides under examination during the glucose uptake test. CP patients with diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are more sensitive to the action of insulin and peptides applied. Synthetic insulinomimetic peptides can serve as a means for discovering the functional cell deficiency under the glucose uptake test.

The experiments have proved the validity of the concepts laid down in the ITER plasma neutralizer project developed on the basis of a 3-D magnetic trap. Plasma is produced by the microwave ECR discharge. The existence of various operating modes essentially influencing the plasma parameters and energy balance was revealed. The inhomogeneity of the plasma streams into different magnetic slits was observed. The best plasma parameters and minimum inhomogeneity have been achieved in gas box operating modes. The determinative role of gas recycling has been revealed in all investigated operating modes. The target thickness is limited by the cut-off density specified by the microwave frequency. The multicharged ions generation was observed.

The effective cross section for the H 2 + + H 2 + → H 3 + + p reaction in the energy range 5.7–11.5 eV is measured by the split beam method. The cross-section maximum at an energy of ∼8 eV is related to the production of the H 4 ++ compound system. The reaction threshold W thr ≈5 eV provides evidence in favor of the classical model with the H 2 + ion charge fixed on one of the two nuclei during the entire collision event.

The effective cross section for the H 2 + +H 2 + → H 3 + +p reaction in the energy range 5.7–11.5 eV is measured by the split beam method. The maximum of the cross section at an energy of ∼8 eV is related to the production of the H 4 ++ compound system. The reaction threshold Wthr≈5 eV provides evidence in favor of the classical model of the H 2 + ion with the charge fixed on one of the nuclei throughout the collision event.

Modification of the electrophysical characteristics of Pt/6H-SiC by hydrogen treatment is investigated. It is found that the change in the bias voltage of a Pt/6H-SiC structure for a fixed capacitance is related to the hydrogen concentration by the Nernst equation. The sensor response at 150 °C is 39 mV per decade of variation of the hydrogen concentration. The changes in the forward and reverse currents and the differential resistances of the diode structure in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere are calculated. The shift of the current-voltage characteristic toward negative voltages and the decrease in the differential resistance of the junction are caused by a decrease in the height of the potential barrier of the Schottky barrier as a result of dissociative adsorption of hydrogen with the formation of a double charged layer at the metal-semiconductor boundary. At a working temperature around 150 °C the characteristics of the structures are stable. We also investigated the effect of a temperature anneal (500 °C). The formation of platinum silicides at this temperature leads to degradation of the gas-sensitive properties of the metal-semiconductor junction.