In this paper, an integrated diagnostic system built and used at Shenguang II and Xingguang II laser facility for inertial confinement fusion experiment has been reviewed. The progress of diagnostic technique for Xray optical band, fusion products has been emphasized. The many diagnostic instruments, such as three chromatic spectrometer (TCS) that consists of Xray streaked camera and was applied in many experiments, have been developed. The Xray's temporalspatial behaviors of three kinds of wavelength could be investigated in the meantime using TCS. The application on investigation of hohlraum target physics, implosion dynamic and opacity have been introduced.

A large area gated MCP x-rays framing camera was developed in China. The main performances of the camera are as follows: temporal resolution of approximately 60 ps, space resolution of 201p/mm, frame number of 12 and frame interval adjustable, and gated time jitter of 50ps. In ICF experiments, camera was used to diagnostic plasma movement at intense laser entrance hole sides of a Au plane target, x-rays energy transport along an axial direction in a cylindrical cavity, and so on. In recent laser direct driven implode experiment, the camera haws ben used to measure x- rays intensity emitted by a glass microballoon with time and space evolution, and hence to diagnostic implosion symmetry and fuels compression degree. Experimental results showed that the framing camera is in high stability and reliability, and has been a routinely important instrument in ICF experiments.

SG-II, a 8-beam Nd:glass laser with an output energy capability of 6kJ at 1.053μm, was built and direct-drive implosions were successfully performed early in 2000. Both exploding pusher and ablative targets were imploded using glass capsules with diameters of 200 and 500μm, and a wall thickness of about 1μm. The deuterium and tritium (DT) gas pressure filled in these capsules were 2.0 and 0.5MPa, respectively. Sophisticated diagnostics were deployed to measure laser absorption, hot electron temperature and fraction, thermal electron temperature, neutron yields, ion temperature, temporally resolved x-ray images, fuel areal density, alpha particle image, and so on. Significant results, such as neutron yields up to 4 × 10 9 for exploding pushers with 100-ps laser pulse irradiation and 6 × 10 8 for ablative targets with 1-ns pulses and clear x-ray images to see the compression process, were obtained. Numerical simulations were conducted to optimize target and laser parameter design and to duplicate the results afterwards with the specific shot parameters used in the experiment.

The method of filter difference which is used to measure X－ray spectrum radiate d from laser－produced plasma has been studied in this paper.The basic principle of the method of filter difference is introduced and the calculated and measure d results of filter difference pair are given.The absolute soft X－ray spectra f rom laser plasma have been measured.Finally the errors of measured spectrum inte nsity are analysed and estimated.

在星光Ⅱ单束激光条件下,用热释电能量卡计和scientech378能量卡计测量了1.053μm激光45°斜入射半腔靶及孔靶激光能量注入率,并估计了斜入射条件下的等离子体堵口速度.实验结果表明:相同参数条件下半腔靶与孔靶相比,激光能量注入率减少约10%.

针对测量船光测设备的电视测量系统白天测星能力的不足，提出了一种新型的白天测星方法。该方法将光测设备测星的视频图像实时记录于计算机的硬盘， 并根据判读存储于硬盘中星体图像的脱靶量， 完成测量船的航向修正和动态标校。应用这种方法，可以提高光测设备白天测星的能力及测量船的总体测量精度，是一种准实时的、切实可行的白天测星方法。

介绍了用于等离子体诊断的门控MCP软X射线皮秒多分幅相机结构、工作原理、性能指标、关键技术以及在激光等离子体诊断中获得的典型结果.

激光等离子体实验中的轴对称的Ｘ光体发射强度及光学全息干涉的测量，需要采用逆Ａｂｅｌ（阿贝尔）变换。本文采用Ｚｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ多项式展开算法数值求解逆Ａｂｅｌ变换，展开系数由最小二乘方原理求出。由于Ｚｅｒ－ｎｉｃｋｅ多项式的积分为解析函数，因此这种算法比较简便。

Experiments to study the soft X-ray reemission properties from different material heated by the radiation produced by laser plasma are reported. Thermal source is performed with the laser pulse (intensity 1×10 14 W/cm 2) to act on Au disk target at the Xin Guang laser facility, which heat different material. Temporal, spatial and spectral composition measurement is performed with verious soft X-ray diagnostic facilities. Finally, reemission time delay, reemission efficiency, reradition spectrum construction and delay emission time-space properties of the stagnation plasma of different material heated by the radiation were given.

激光等离子体实验中的轴对称的X光的体发射强度及光学全息干涉的测量, 需要采用逆阿贝尔(Abel)变换. 用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和汉克耳(Hankel)变换的算法数值求解逆阿贝尔变换, 具有精度高、可在频域内滤波的特点.

Recently we have developed a multiple angle time-resolved system (MATRS) to detectscattering lights from laser-produced plasmas. In 1998, we have used the diagnostic systems mentioned aboveto investigate the scattering processes in plasma. These experiments were designed to enhance our understanding to scattering processes. 0. 351μm laser light with about 70J at average intensities of (1~2) × 1014W/cm2 were used to irradiate gold disks, CH disks and gold disks pasted CH foam. A lot of diagnostics wereused to diagnosis the scattering behavior. The important result of experiments is the temporal behavior of theside scattering. The experimental results give us some information about electron temperature and density inthe laser-produced plasmas.

The experimental study on the soft X-ray re-emission properties from gold material heated by X-ray radiation produced by laser plasma was reported. The Gaussian pulse of the Xingguang facility was used. The primary and secondary emission of X-ray were measured respectively with two soft X-ray energy spectrometers. The primary and secondary signals were detected by time correlated record. X-ray reemission properties from secondary disk (Au) heated by the radiation of primary disk were given.

A computer tomography technique applied to inertial confinement fusion is developed and a three-dimensional image reconstruction program is performed. The three dimensional images of target plasma are reconstructed by using a multiplicate algebraic reconstruction technique from five pinhole camera images obtained along different directions.

The wavelength dependence of absorption of laser has been studied experimentally in the Shen Guang type and Xing Guang type laser facility with the gold disks at a chosen angle of incidence. The experiments show that inverse bremsstrahlung absorption is the main absorption mechanism, and the absorption increases when laser wavelength decreases. Although the absorption of 0.351 μm laser at 10 ° angle of incidence is higher than that of others, the absorption of 0.351 μm laser at 45 ° angle of incidence is only 75% and scattered light is up to 25%.

The gold double-disk targets were irradiated by 3ω-0$/. laser, and the time-space properties of X-ray spectra were investigated at Xingguang laser facility. A four-pinhole transmission grating array and a picosecond frame camera were combined, and the three-dimensional measurement of time, space and energy spectra of X-ray were conducted on the laser shooting region and X-ray radiation ablating region. The X-ray relaxation process and some important physics results such as the N band, O band and 0th spectra versus time and space as well as two-dimensional spatial distribution of plasma jet and plasma expansion speed are observed.

The multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) and the maximum entropy reconstruction technique (MENT) have been derived from the principle of maximum entropy through the introduction of Lagrange multiplier. In the mean time, they are proved to be equivalent. Numerical experiments are made for two examples of three-dimensional distribution using MART and MENT and the simulated results show the convergence and the accuracy of two algorithms are the same. This also indicates the equivalence of two algorithms.

X-ray reemission from gold disk targets,which were heated by intense soft X-ray radiation((2—6)×1012W·cm-2),had been observed with two time-related soft X-ray spectrometers-The spectra of X-ray reemission were “softer” than those of irradiating X-ray-Temporal evolution of the X-ray reemission was analyzed in terms of a time-modified self-similar solution for the ablative heat wave-