大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是我国北方的重要经济鱼种,为研究运输胁迫对大菱鲆生理免疫的影响,并确定大菱鲆的优选运输方案,采用体长为4.65±1cm(幼体组)和14.50±1cm(成体组)2种规格的大菱鲆为研究对象,在实验室模拟运输条件,分析其非特异性免疫、呼吸排泄及死亡率变化,并探究活鱼苗运输的优选方案,结果显示:(1)过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LZM)呈现降低趋势并明显低于对照组,随着模拟运输中温度的升高、密度的增加和震动强度的增加而降低,谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、丙二醛(MDA)呈现升高趋势并明显高于对照组,随着模拟运输中温度的升高、密度的增加和震动强度的增加而升高;(2)大小2种规格的大菱鲆在运输胁迫下表现出了不同的免疫能力,幼体组中的GOT、GPT、SOD、MDA的表现优于成体组,成体组中的CAT、AKP、LZM优于幼体组;(3)耗氧率和排氨率随着模拟运输中温度的升高、密度的增加和震动强度的增加而升高,幼体组的耗氧率和排氨率的升高程度要低于成体组;(4)实验结束后的幼体组与成体组大菱鲆死亡率均随时间变化先升高后降低,在实验结束时的死亡率极低,而在0～24h死亡率达总死亡率的50％以上,24～48h内的死亡率又开始下降.随着模拟运输中温度的升高、密度的增加和震动强度的增加,2种规格的大菱鲆的总死亡率呈现上升趋势,成体组的总死亡率的升高程度要低于幼体组;(5)通过正交实验极差分析法得出综合考虑成本及运输效果前提下,幼体组与成体组大菱鲆的优选运输方案均为A1B1C2,即温度为15℃、密度为ind·L-1、震动强度为200RPM.

评估大长山生态化开发示范区海洋生态服务价值,为生态化开发建设效果评估提供参考依据.示范区2012年投放塔型钢筋混凝土人工鱼礁改造海底环境,2013年初步进行了建设,养殖品种为刺参、皱纹盘鲍等海珍品.参照《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》,对开发示范区2012-2014年供给服务、调节服务、文化服务3组,养殖生产、捕捞生产、氧气生产、气候调节、废弃物处理、休闲娱乐、科研服务等7大类生态服务价值进行评估.示范区建设前的2012年生态服务价值4 178.65万元,示范区建设后2014年生态服务价值5 373.87万元,增加28.60％.2014年生态服务价值中,养殖生产价值5 068.80万元,较2012年增长1 096.30万元、增幅27.60％,刺参生物量较2012年增加83.3 t、增幅43.09％.文化服务中,2012、2013年示范区建设单位并未对海域进行旅游开发,当年旅游收入均为0;在示范区建设酒店后,2014年接待游客近千人次,直接旅游收入达到60.30万元.下一步应进一步完善评估模型,特别是需要获取准确统计数据,以便准确评估示范区的生态价值.

我国经营性海洋牧场产业目前主要以育苗、养殖、捕捞、生产、加工的产业链形式存在,文章在分析经营性海洋牧场发展制约因素的基础上,对于海产品产业链的延伸进行研究并提出建议:在苗种培育产业的基础上延伸出"参与式观光业",在开展养殖业的同时兼并实施新产业"DIY养殖业",产品收获后进行"精深加工业"的同时开展"观光旅游业",销售行业采取线上线下与企业之间结合的"O2O+B2B"模式,面向客户方面鼓励新机构即"反馈机构"的建立与推广,拓展休闲渔业产业,发展新型休闲渔业.通过产业链延伸,旨在开拓海产品的市场空间,以期获取更多的经济效益,提升海洋牧场综合效益.

The critical swimming speeds and burst swimming speeds were determined in rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii by vertical recirculating water flume and PVC water flume in a laboratory.The effect of swimming on fish body was studied according to the changes in physiological index.The results showed that the rockfish with body length 10-22 cm had critical swimming speed of 44.69-69.07 cm/s,and the relative swimming speed of 3.11-4.69 BL/s.The fat greenling with body length 10-22 cm showed the critical swimming speed of 42.39-82.93 cm/s,and relative swimming speed of 3.45-4.90 BL/s.The rockfish with body length 10-22 cm was found to have burst swimming speed of 76.68-118.18 cm/s.The fat greenling with body length 10-22 cm had burst swimming speed of 81.69-121.25 cm/s.The maximal swimming distance was estimated to be 6 776.4 m in rock fish and 7 423.2 m in fat greenling.According to the results of the burst swimming speed,the most appropriate potential distance for escaping was 15-25 m.After fatigue aroused by critical swimming,the plasma glucose,plasma lactate and muscle lactate concentrations increased significantly in rockfish(P0.05),no significant differences in muscle glycogen and muscle protein(P0.05).There were significant increase in the plasma lactic and muscle lactic concentrations and reduction in the plasma glucose,muscle glycogen and muscle albumin in fat greenling(P0.05).After fatigue aroused by burst swimming,the plasma glucose,plasma lactic and muscle lactic concentrations of increased significantly in rockfish(P0.05),no significant differences in muscle glycogen(P0.05).Moreover,the plasma glucose,muscle glycogen and muscle albumin were reduced significantly(P0.05) and increased significantly the plasma lactic and the muscle lactic in fat greenling increased significantly(P0.05).