Philosophy and science are inseparable and complement each other,which is also true in polymer sci-ence.In decades of polymer physics teaching,we deeply realize that the philosophical thinkings are profuse with many examples.The"quantitative change to qualitative change"is mainly dealt in the manufacture about teach-ing research in order to make the students realize the importance of studying philosophy in the developing of pol-ymer physics.

全面介绍了中国科学技术大学高分子物理教学60年的历史和现状,特别是撰写的高分子物理系列教材和深入开展的教学研究.

传统导体的载流子是电子或空穴,但在具有一维链式结构的聚合物中电子已不是导电的载流子.由液体介质流动形式——“孤波”导出的孤子,以及由孤子和反孤子组成的极化子是导电聚合物除电子外的载流子.极化子和孤子流动所需要的能量比电子流动所需的能量小,所以首先启动的“载流子”不是电子,而是极化子和孤子.

Due to the structure characteristics of huge macromolecular size and the very low motion feature of the polymer chain which is very difficult to arrange regularly their long chain into the three dimensional space,thus the polymer will incompletely crystallize except for the macroscopic single crystal of polydiacetylene polymerized by means of solid state crystalline polymerization.

Generally,polymer is an insulator due to that polymer chain connected by the covalent single bond does not contain free electrons (carriers).In addition,macromolecular chains are coherent with each other through Van der Waals forces,and hence have large distance between them resulting in poor electron clouds overlapping,so that it is much difficult for carriers' delocalization.Likewise,polymer even with π-bond and conductive electrons,such as polyacetylene,is nonconductive as well.The reason is the one-dimensional chain structure in which Peierls instability occurs.

英文版“Structure and Properties of Polymers”一书已由英国Alpha Science International Ltd出版,全世界发行.这是高分子学科中由我国学者编著的第一本英文版教材,由国外出版社出版.论文叙述了该书中文版的成书历史和出版背景,以及英文版书出版的由来和写作历程.强调英文书写作时要特别重视所引文献、图表和示意图等的著作版权问题,当查不到插图的原著时,要及时更换.论文还交代了英文版书对原中文版书中不妥之处的修改.希望该书对推介我国高分子物理的成就以及推介我国高分子学科的教学起到积极的作用.

Based on several typical exercises and analysis in the teaching of "Polymer Physics" as examples,it was illustrated in this paper that some essential issues are not to be ignored in applying the viscoelastic mechanical models to simulate the mechanical relaxation phenomena of polymers.

教学工作和科研工作一样,都是要认真开展研究的.教学研究成果体现在对教学内容的深入理解,更要体现到新编的教材中和实际讲课中,并且我们认为教学研究成果要撰写成论文公开发表,这一方面可以与同行交流,惠及全体读者,更重要的是可以造就全国教学研究的氛围,并开展不同观点的讨论.

The textbooks are the fundamentality of teaching and an excellent textbook may be favor for several generation in university.Based on writing of "Structure and Properties of Polymers,Updated Edition",four fundamentals of writing textbook were proposed,i.e.textbook author should take teaching research deeply,do own scientific research in the field,pay attention to science research results did by the native scientists,and writing the textbook unremittingly and continuously.Several problems in writing textbook were discussed as well.

Polymer physics teaching,which was preceded by Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in the fifties of 20 century and shifted to universities gradually,has always been supported by Chinese Chemical Society.The paper reviewed the teaching situations on polymer physics in China in recent sixty years,especially the achievements in recent thirty years.These achievements,which cover two levels about undergraduate and graduate teaching,involve the textbook composition and translation of "polymer physics" and "experiments of polymer physics" courses,and teaching research.The paper has also summarized the achievements in polymer physics teaching and teaching research in the University of Science and Technology of China.

在编写了《高分子物理重点难点释疑》这本国家级精品课程教材配套用书后,作者总结了编写目的和编写感想,与同行共享,并为意愿报考研究生的广大学子提供尽可能的帮助。

Viscosity of potassium oleate in aqueous salt solutions in the presence of poly（propylene glycol）（PPG）,poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG） and poly（vinyl pyrrolidone）（PVP） was measured and the effect of nonionic polymers upon the aggregation of potassium oleate（KOA） in aqueous salt solutions was studied.It has been found that the viscosity of KOA solution in the presence of salt all decreases swiftly by the addition of nonionic polymers.However,the extent of decreasing of the solution viscosity is significantly different.In peculiar,the viscosity of KOA solution in the presence of PEG and PVP is more swiftly than in the presence of PPG.The experimental results suggest the decreasing of the solution viscosity is not due to the hydrophobic interaction of nonionic polymers with surfactants alone.In fact,both the hydrophobic interaction and the hydrophilic interaction of nonionic polymers with surfactants,which determine the morphology of polymer/surfactant complex,are responsible for the decrease of the solution viscosity of KOA in the presence of salt.

介绍作者在"高分子物理实验"课程教学中,制定"数据记录及实验报告"的一些体会.

Effect of both isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol upon the viscosity of polymer guar gum in aqueous solution was measured.It has been found that with the addition of isopropyl alcohol into guar gum solution,the intrinsic viscosity of solution decreases gradually whereas the Huggins parameter kH increases successively.On the other hand,by adding ethylene glycol into guar gum solution,the intrinsic viscosity of solution increases gradually whereas the Huggins parameter kH decreases successively.Our experimental results indicate that both isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol associate greatly with guar gum in solution.However,the effect of either isopropyl alcohol or ethylene glycol upon the hydrophobic property and steric hindrance of guar gum is different.As a result,the effect of either isopropyl alcohol or ethylene glycol upon the viscosity behavior of guar gum is different.

利用黏度、电导、表面张力和荧光光谱实验手段研究了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（PVP）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）在水溶液中的相互作用,发现对SDS来说存在三个不同的特征浓度:临界聚集浓度（CAC）、CAC2和高分子饱和浓度（PSP）。实验结果表明,PVP和SDS在水溶液中的相互作用可以用类似于描述聚电解质和带相反电荷表面活性剂之间相互作用的两阶段模型解释:初始阶段（CSDS＞CAC）,带负电荷的SDS分子主要以单个的方式吸附到PVP带正电的侧基上;第二阶段（CSDS＞CAC2）,SDS分子通过疏水相互作用以协同的方式吸附到PVP分子链上形成胶束,在浓度为PSP时达到饱和。

Sulfanilamide magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by using sulfanilamide as template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and Fe(3)O(4) magnetic fluid. The Fe(3)O(4) magnetic fluid was successful preparedly by chemical co-precipitation method. The recognition mechanism of polymer was studied by UV spectrophotometry. The adsorption properties and selectivity ability were analyzed by Scatchard analysis and the equilibrium rebinding experiments. The results clearly exhibit that the synthesized magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymers have high sulfanilamide binding ability. Scatchard linear regression analysis indicated that the apparent maximum binding capacity (Q(max)) was 280. 99 mu mol/g and the dissociation contents (K(D)) of Sulfanilamide magnetic microsphere was 1.58 x 10(-3) mol/L.

The starch/polylactic acid composite materials were prepared at various ratios through melt blending.The additions of starch and glycerin in blends were analysed with mechanical test,torque rheological properties and micromechanism.It is found that the starch/PLA composite properties are improved when the mass ratios of starch and glycerol/starch were 30%and 30/100 respectively.

One of main task in the course of polymer physics is searching and understanding the relationship between structure and properties in polymers.There should be three levels in the relationship between structure and properties in polymers.They are "the relationship between molecular structure and materials properties","the relationship between condensed state structure and product's properties" and the "relationship between electronic structure and function of polymers".

Gemini surfactants 22:1-s-22:1, where s=2 and 6 methylene groups and 22:1 refer to erucyl dimethylammonium bromide chains, together with the monomeric surfactant erucyl bis-(hydroxyethyl) methylammonium bromide (EHAB) which has the same long unsaturated tails with gemini surfactants, were synthesized and characterized and solution properties of these surfactants were investigated using surface tension, conductivity and viscosity measurement. It has been found that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of 22:1-2-22:1 and 22:1-6-22:1 are 15.4 and 8.3μM, respectively, less than the cmc value of EHAB (38μM). On the other hand, the surface tension of 22:1-2-22:1 and 22:1-6-22:1 at cmc are 40.9 and 42.4, respectively, greater than the surface tension of EHAB (30.9 at cmc). Both 22:1-2-22:1 and 22:1-6-22:1 have nearly the same value of a0 (the minimum head group areas per surfactant molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface), which is almost the half value of a0 corresponding to EHAB. On the other hand, the ionization degree α of micelles of both 22:1-2-22:1 and 22:1-6-22:1 is approximately twice the value of α corresponding to micelles of EHAB. Though 22:1-2-22:1 has more similarity with 22:1-6-22:1 rather than EHAB as presented above, 22:1-2-22:1 in water cannot enhance the viscosity of the solution significantly in the presence of salt. In contrast, both 22:1-6-22:1 and EHAB in water can give rise to highly viscoelastic or gel-like solutions even at the high temperature in the presence of salt. In particular, 22:1-6-22:1 has proved to be a more efficient candidate for high temperature rheology-control applications than EHAB. The effect of salt upon the viscosity of 22:1-6-22:1 in aqueous solution is significant. The most proper ratio of 22:1-6-22:1/NaSal for enhancing the viscosity of solution has been proved to be 0.7.

According to the method presented by Wolf,the intrinsic viscosity of polyelectrolyte can be obtained either by extrapolating the generalized intrinsic viscosity {η} towards zero concentration C or by the initial slope of the dependence of the logarithm of the relative viscosity lnηr on polymer concentration C.Our research indicates that the value of the generalized intrinsic viscosity {η},the apparent intrinsic viscosity [η]app and the reduced viscosity ηsp/C become the same as extrapolating concentration C to zero.Furthermore,the viscosity measurement indicates that the dependence of {η},[η]app and ηsp/C with concentration C is just the same in extremely diluted polyelectrolyte solutions.This suggests that the method to determine the intrinsic viscosity of polyelectrolyte by extrapolating the generalized intrinsic viscosity {η} towards zero concentration C is essentially just the same as extrapolating ηsp/C towards zero concentration C in the Huggins ηsp/C versus C plot which is traditionally used.