В данной работе исследовано применение двух марок порошкообразного алюминия различной дисперсности: крупнодисперсного алюминия (КД) с размерами частиц более 200 мкм и Al ПА4 с размерами частиц от 20 до 63 мкм в качестве компонентов для энергоемких материалов. Пластичность алюминиевых частиц затрудняет их механическое измельчение, поэтому для облегчения процесса диспергирования были добавлены модификаторы, такие как стеариновая кислота, графит и поливиниловый спирт. После механохимической обработки Al ПА4 с 20% графитом размер частиц полученного порошка составлял менее 20 мкм. При добавлении 3% ПВС средний размер частиц составил 16,1 мкм, а при использовании 20% ПВС – увеличился до 30,5 мкм. Удельная поверхность после механического воздействия также возросла до 4,976 и 14,648 м2/г, соответственно. Увеличение содержания графита и поливинилового спирта в композитах приводит к росту активности алюминия, тогда как содержание стеариновой кислоты выше 3% вызывает снижение прироста активности. Таким образом, механохимическая обработка порошков алюминия с использованием различных органических модификаторов позволяет значительно изменить их морфологические и структурные свойства. Полученные результаты открывают новые перспективы для создания энергоемких материалов с улучшенными характеристиками, которые могут найти широкое применение в различных областях, включая энергетику и топливные технологии.

In this paper, the results of the technological combustion of SHS heat insulators based on mineral origins are presented. It is shown that after mechanochemical treatment of minerals—diatomite—the kinetic characteristics of the combustion process change, providing targeted formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties of the SHS composite. A positive effect of using various modifiers during the MCT of diatomite—the activation of the combustion process—was established. The selection of modifiers provides an increase in the strength of the synthesized SHS composites as a result of the formation of aluminate compounds in the synthesis products, and a decrease in thermal conductivity to 0.157 W/m*K due to the formation of the ultraporous structure of the samples.

The production and study of highly dispersed aluminum-based powders represents one of contemporary science’s priority fields. This is primarily driven by the practical necessity to develop new materials, a feat that, in some cases, can only be achieved through the utilization of powdered components. This article presents the results of the mechanochemical treatment method employed to obtain highly reactive aluminum particles. It also includes a comparative analysis of aluminum particles generated through various methods and their respective properties. Furthermore, the application of these highly reactive aluminum particles in energy-intensive materials is discussed.

This review is devoted to the possibilities of using mechanochemical processing and to achievements in this field for obtaining materials for a wide range of purposes. The mechanochemical processing of various materials and compositions in energy-intensive grinding devices allows the production of innovative systems, ensuring the necessary complex structure and properties. A detailed analysis of the processes of mechanochemical processing in the production of designs for various purposes is given, and the latest practical results in this area are highlighted. A detailed analysis of the processes of mechanochemical processing in the production of structures for various purposes is given, as well as recent practical results in this area, such as the use of mechanochemical processing to increase the performance of aluminum and other metals used as a combustible substance in energy-intensive systems. This review also presents the prospects for the use of mechanochemical processing to obtain physiologically active drugs from plant materials, which is an effective method for creating new materials in the field of pharmaceuticals, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, crop production, etc.

Mechanochemical treatment is one of the promising directions of the chemical and technological processes of obtaining a new substance as a result of the transformation of mechanical energy into the chemical-physical processes of system restructuring. The peculiarity of the state of solid matter because of intense mechanical action is determined not only by its destruction, i.e., dispersing and obtaining a powder material with a high and active surface, but also by the accumulation of defects in the entire volume of particles, which increases their reactivity. This book presents the results of many years of research on the mechanochemical synthesis of composites, consisting of inorganic and organic components, obtained by the scientific team at the Institute of Combustion Problems, Kazakhstan. It begins with the general ideas about the mechanochemical process and the phenomena and further discusses the main provisions of the structural rearrangement and modification of the surface of dispersible particles.

The article presents the results of obtaining nanosilver aqueous suspensions by electrolysis method with variations in the quality and composition of water, the type, and quantity of modifying additives, as well as the creation of colloidal compositions consisting of silicon dioxide and nanosilver emulsion as a result of mechanochemical treatment of the system. As a modifier of silver nanoparticles, citric acid, glycerin, and ether-cellulose were used, which can form the thinnest layers on the surface of the metal particle, preventing particles from sticking together and precipitating them. It is shown that the use of modifiers in the preparation of a colloidal solution with silver particles and ultrasonic treatment of the system provide an increase and stabilization of the activated state of colloidal systems with silver nanoparticles and silicon dioxide. Obtained under the influence of ultrasonic treatment homogeneous and resistant to delamination soft gel systems containing silver and having antimicrobial activity are promising for the manufacture of drugs for cosmetic purposes.

В данной статье приведены результаты комплексного использования механохимической (МХО) и ультразвуковой обработки (УЗО) для получения высокодисперсного диоксида кремния фармацевтического и косметического назначения. Исходные частицы диоксида кремния частотой 99,9% подвергались МХО и УЗО в присутствии модификаторов (этиловый спирт, глицерин). Механохимическая обработка диоксида кремния в различных режимах как механического, так и ультразвукового воздействия с участием модификаторов, обеспечивают высокий уровень диспергации частиц, рыхлую или плотную структуру поверхностного слоя в зависимости от условий обработки порошка и их стабилизацию высокоактивного состояния.