ObjectivesWith the rapid development of the semiconductor and related industries, the power density and heat generation per unit area of electronic devices have increased dramatically. To solve the increasingly serious thermal problems of electronic components, researchers have focused on advanced thermal management materials. Diamond/Al composites have become a research hotspot for the new generation of thermal management materials due to their advantages of high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and light weight. How to effectively reduce the interfacial thermal resistance is the key to fully leveraging the thermal conductivity enhancement provided by the diamond reinforcement.MethodsIn this paper, diamond particles are modified with Ti nanolayers (40, 80, and 160 nm) and Ti-Al double-nanolayers (Ti80 nm-Al60 nm) with controllable thicknesses by single-target and dual-target magnetron sputtering strategies, respectively. The rotating vibration platform used in the magnetron sputtering process controls the thickness of the layers at the nanoscale while ensuring uniform thickness. The diamond/Al composites are then fabricated by gas pressure infiltration technology, and the theoretical thermal conductivities of the composites are predicted using a combined differential effective medium and acoustic mismatch model. The influences of Ti nanolayers and Ti-Al double-nanolayers on the microstructures and thermo-physical properties of the composites are investigated.ResultsThe results show that the Ti nanolayers react with diamond to form TiC interfacial layers during the fabrication process of diamond-Ti/Al composites, which significantly enhances the interfacial bonding of the composites. By optimizong the thickness of the Ti nanolayers, a TC of 598.6 W/(m·K) is achieved at a justified TiC nanolayer thickness of 80 nm, which is about 81.08% of the theoretical value. Based on this optimized thickness of the Ti nanolayers, diamond particles with Ti-Al double-nanolayers (Ti80 nm-Al60 nm) are prepared using a dual-target sputtering strategy. After introducing the Al layer, the composites form a Diamond/TiC/TiAl3/Al gradient interface, and the thermal conductivity increases to 640.1 W/(m·K), which is 89.13 % of the theoretical value. Infrared thermography test is used to visually verify the thermal response of the composites over 0～10 s. The heating rate VDia-(Ti80 nm-Al60 nm)/Al＝2.46 ℃/s, VUncoated dia/Al＝1.53 ℃/s, and Vpure Al＝0.91 ℃/s. The heating rate of diamond-(Ti80 nm-Al60 nm)/Al is 1.6 times higher than that of uncoated diamond/Al and 2.7 times higher than that of pure Al, and the results of the infrared thermography tests correspond well with the thermal conductivity of the composites. The diamond/Al composite with Ti-Al double-nanolayers is subjected to a thermal cycling test from －50 ℃ to 150 ℃ for 100 thermal cycles, and the thermal conductivity declines by just 3.06%, indicating the excellent thermal cycling stability.ConclusionsThe formation of the Diamond/TiC/TiAl3/Al gradient interface not only benefits the improvement of the interfacial bonding, but also effectively reduces the difference in Debye temperature between the diamond reinforcement and the Al matrix. Therefore, the acoustic velocity mismatch between the diamond and the Al matrix is reduced, and the thermal conductivity of the composite is effectively improved. Compared with the single Ti nanolayer strategy, the Ti-Al double-nanolayers strategy provides new insights into the preparation of high thermal conductivity diamond/Al composites.

Interface design and optimization is critical to enhance the thermal properties of diamond/Al composites. Herein, Ti-Al hybrid coatings with the thickness range of 50-200 nm on diamond particles were deposited by a dual-target co-sputtering strategy. The coatings were dense and uniform and the interfacial structure of the diamond/Al composite was characterized as TiC/TiAl3 nano-interlayer. This structure not only enhanced the interfacial bonding, but also promoted the thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement of the composites. A maximum TC of 668 W/mK was achieved at a justified nano-interlayer thickness of similar to 100 nm. This work offers a new insight for designing of multi-phases interface modification for diamond/Al composites.

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes are widely recognized ideal anode materials for electrochemical ozone production (EOP) owing to their exceptionally high oxygen evolution potential and excellent anodic stability. Nevertheless, the relatively low intrinsic activity of raw BDD limits its practical application. In this study, a platinum nanoparticle-modified nanoporous BDD (Pt/PBDD) electrode was fabricated to enhance EOP performance. The nanoporous framework of BDD effectively anchored Pt nanoparticles, forming a local microenvironment conducive to the enrichment and stabilization of oxygen intermediates. The optimized Pt/PBDD electrode achieved an exceptionally high Faraday efficiency of 29.0% with a specific energy consumption of 0.085 Wh mg-1, along with remarkable operational stability, demonstrating merely a 10% efficiency loss after 40 h of continuous operation at 100 mA cm-2. Theoretical calculations revealed that the incorporation of Pt nanoparticles significantly altered the electronic properties of the system, and a distinct synergistic effect between Pt nanoparticles and BDD optimized the adsorption behavior of key oxygen intermediates, thereby facilitating the EOP process. Furthermore, the Pt/PBDD electrode exhibited superior performance in the degradation of methylene blue via in situ ozone-mediated oxidation, highlighting its potential for environmental applications. This work provides new insights for designing efficient and stable diamond-based materials for EOP.

Interface design and optimization is critical to enhance the interfacial bonding and thermal properties of the diamond/Cu composites. Herein, Cr and CuCr30 dual coatings with the different thickness on diamond particles were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The Cr element on diamond particles transformed to Cr3C2 during sintering, with coexisting interfacial phases of Cr3C2 and Cu to strengthen the interface bonding. Relatively thicker interlayers (-200 nm and -270 nm) act as an effective bridge between diamond and Cu, improving wettability and reducing thermal stress, where no obvious debonding was found and the compact diamond/Cu composites were achieved. The results suggest that the interface structure evolution plays a critical role in determining the thermal conductivity, CTE and thermal cycling behavior of diamond/Cu composites. By measuring the thermal conductivity before and after thermal cycling, we found that the composites with an intermediate thickness of the interlayer possessed the maximum thermal conductivity (686 W/mK), while that with a thicker interlayer presented a better comprehensive performance with a relatively high initial thermal conductivity (646 W/mK), compatible CTE (7.49 & times; 10- 6/K from room temperature to 200 degrees C) and stable thermal cycling performance (4% attenuation of thermal conductivity for 300 cycles from -50 degrees C to 150 degrees C). This work demonstrates that a trade-off exists between maximizing initial thermal conductivity and ensuring long-term thermal stability for diamond/Cu composites.

Electrochemical detection of uric acid (UA) is critical for diagnostics and clinical risk assessment, but commercial enzymatic sensors suffer from accuracy limitations and high cost. Here we report a non-enzymatic UA sensor based on a nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond (BNCD) electrode. Compared to conventional microcrystalline boron-doped diamond sensors, the BNCD sensor with optimal boron doping (0.8%) exhibits stronger signal response and lower detection limit due to the synergistic effect of appropriate doping and abundant grain boundary conductive network. This nanocrystalline surface features low surface roughness of 91.8 nm, providing superior anti-fouling properties. The optimized sensor achieves a sensitivity of 0.170 & micro;A & micro;M-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 0.12 & micro;M, along with good selectivity, repeatability and long-term stability. The proposed BNCD electrode exhibits promising potentials as the next-generation commercially viable devices for non-enzymatic UA detection.

The rational design of pore structure in three-dimensional boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is pivotal for overcoming mass transfer limitations in wastewater treatment. However, the coupling mechanism between pore-induced hydrodynamics and electrochemical kinetics remains elusive. Herein, we decipher this structure-performance relationship by fabricating porous BDD electrodes with different pore densities (10, 20, and 40 ppi) and integrating electrochemical analysis with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of a graphitic phase within the porous skeleton markedly lowers charge-transfer resistance. We identified a transition in the oxidation mechanism from direct electron transfer to ·OH-mediated oxidation driven by increases in both pore size and current density. Crucially, a nonlinear relationship between pore size and degradation efficiency was observed, during which the intermediate 20 ppi electrode exhibited the optimal degradation performance, even though the 10 ppi electrode generated the highest yield of active radicals and the 40 ppi electrode possessed the largest geometric surface area. CFD simulations revealed that this phenomenon arises from a trade-off between diffusion enhancement and hydraulic resistance. While smaller pores theoretically reduce the diffusion layer thickness, the intricate channels in the 40 ppi electrode induce severe flow stagnation and dampen turbulent kinetic energy. In contrast, the 20 ppi architecture maintains a high mass transfer coefficient while minimizing flow resistance. This work elucidates the critical role of hydrodynamic optimization in porous electrodes and provides a theoretical basis for designing high-performance electrodes.

Operating microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) systems within combined high gas-pressure (P0) and microwave-power (Pin) regimes is fundamental to establishing high-density and energetic plasma environments. However, the intensified electromagnetic skin effect and subsequent plasma contraction under these conditions induce pronounced thermo-chemical gradients, constraining the radial uniformity of the plasma discharge. To address these issues, a self-consistent multiphysics model coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was developed to systematically elucidate the complex interactive impacts of geometric constraints and excitation parameters on plasma characteristics. Simulation results indicate that introducing a molybdenum (Mo) ring, combined with relative substrate height (Delta h) optimization, can utilize localized edgefield concentration to improve the radial plasma uniformity. Moreover, the RSM analysis reveals the interplay among these parameters, demonstrating that coordinated adjustments of Pin and Delta h can compensate for high-P0 induced plasma contraction while maximizing active species density. A multi-objective optimization identified an optimal processing window (20 kPa, 5.5 kW, Delta h = 3.0 mm), achieving a superior trade-off between high active species density and radial plasma uniformity. These simulated spatial distributions are rigorously validated by optical emission spectroscopy profiles. More importantly, the single-crystal diamond (SCD) grown under the optimized regime exhibits a uniform step-flow morphology, consistent crystalline quality and exceptional sp3 phase purity. This hybrid simulation-experimental framework provides significant theoretical insights and a robust optimization pathway for achieving large-area, highly uniform plasma discharges, ultimately advancing the synthesis of high-quality SCD in MPCVD systems.

Interface design is critical for enhancement of interfacial bonding and thermal properties of diamond/Al composites as promising thermal management materials. Herein, we propose a new strategy combining in-situ formation of WC (W2C)-W coatings and gas pressure infiltration (GPI) process to construct diamond-WC (W2C)-W-Al5W interlayers to improve the interfacial bonding and thermal properties of diamond/Al composite. The microstructure of the modified coatings and their effect on interfacial bonding and thermal properties of diamond/Al composites were examined. By altering deposition time in only several minutes, the thickness of the coatings ranged from ∼100 nm to ∼400 nm was tailored. Results showed the interfacial bonding of the composites was greatly improved, while the thermal conductivity was initially increased with the thickness and decreased with a maximum thermal conductivity of 677 W/mK achieved. Besides the moderate thickness of W interlayers, the high thermal conductivity was also attributed to the interface configuration with the following characteristics: small amount of W carbides on diamond side, uniform and dense W metal interlayer in middle, as well as W-Al intermetallic sublayer on Al side. The successful configuration of diamond-WC (W2C)-W-Al5W-Al interface greatly promoted the balance of the interfacial thermal resistance and interfacial bonding to maximize the thermal conductivity of the composites, which was among the first-class team reported for diamond/metal composites modified by W-related coatings. This study offers a feasible method to prepare effective W coatings for modifying interfacial bonding and enhancing the thermal properties of diamond/Al composites.

With boron-doped diamond reactive electrochemical membrane (REM-BDD) as anode, a flow-through electroactivated PMS system was developed. The flow-through E-REM-PMS system demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 100 % methylene blue (MB) degradation within 10 min, with a rate constant (k) of 0.412 min-1 and remarkably low energy consumption (EEO) of 0.28 kWh m-3 order-1. Electrochemical characterization, quenching experiments and EPR analysis revealed the degradation mechanism with 1O2 as the predominant ROS, and mass transfer enhancement significantly promoted PMS electro-activation with REM-BDD. Thanks to the dominance of 1O2, the flow-through E-REM-PMS system manifested robust applicability performance under various conditions of wide pH range, impurity ion interference, different organic pollutants and actual water matrices. Cyclic degradation tests confirmed the excellent long-term operational stability of this system. Given its high-efficient degradation, low energy consumption, broad applicability and long-term stability, the flow-through E-REM-PMS system represents significant potential for practical application and paves a promising and economical avenue for wastewater treatment.

ObjectivesThe work aims to investigate the effect of boron doping levels on the electrochemical performance of single boron-doped diamond (BDD) microparticle electrodes, and to explore their potential application for electrochemical detection of electroactive amino acids. MethodsThe technology of hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) is used to grow polycrystalline BDD films on a single crystal BDD. To ensure the uniformity of the film, the growth process is repeated three times with each deposition process lasting for 6 hours. By altering the flow ratio of borane in the gaseous source, with the volume ratios of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, different BDD microparticle electrodes are obtained, labeled as BDD-1, BDD-2, and BDD-3. The surface morphology and phase composition of the BDD microparticle electrodes are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The basic electrochemical performance of the BDD microparticle electrodes is systematically investigated, including electrochemical window, electron transfer kinetic constant (k0), electrochemically active surface area (SECSA) and charge transfer resistance (Rct). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are used to assess the electrochemical properties of the BDD microparticle electrodes for detection of Trp, Tyr and Met. The detection sensitivity of the BDD microparticle electrodes to these amino acids is assessed by the method of chronoamperometry. ResultsWhen the flow ratio of borane was 0.1, the surface of BDD-1 is rough and the diamond grain size is small, and the boron-doped concentration is 7.71 × 1020 cm−3. When the flow ratio is increased to 0.15, the grain size is slightly increased, and some regions of BDD-2 grew grains with clear crystal faces and obvious grain boundaries, but there are still uneven sizes and some crystal faces are rough, and the boron-doped concentration is 1.12 × 1021 cm−3. When the flow ratio is adjusted to 0.2, the grains on the surface of BDD-3 are complete, the crystal surface are smooth, the grain boundary are clearer, the grains grow densely and uniformly in size, and the boron-doped concentration is 2.02 × 1021 cm−3. The obtained electrochemical potential windows of BDD-1, BDD-2 and BDD-3 particle electrodes are 3.50, 3.31 and 3.05 V, and k0 is calculated to be 4.87 × 10−4, 5.25 × 10−4 and 6.30 × 10−4 cm·s−1, respectively. The SECSA is 0.66, 0.69 and 0.89 mm2, and the Rct is 4.45, 3.12 and 0.92 kΩ, respectively. The oxidation peak potentials of Trp, Tyr and Met are 0.76, 0.65 and 1.36 V, respectively. With the increase of boron concentration, the oxidation peak current increases gradually. The detection sensitivity of the BDD-3 microparticle electrodes for electrochemical detection of Trp, Tyr and Met is obtained to be 16.6, 137.8 and 131.4 µA·(mmol/L)−1·cm−2, respectively. ConclusionsThe results show that increasing the boron concentration within a certain range can effectively improve the film quality of BDD, accelerate the electron transfer kinetic rate of the BDD microparticle electrodes, reduce the charge transfer resistance, and improve the overall electrochemical activity of the electrodes. The proposed BDD microparticle electrodes have good electrochemical detection ability for three amino acids (Trp, Tyr and Met), among which they have high detection sensitivity for Tyr and Met. The effect of Trp on electrode adsorption at high concentrations is an important issue to be addressed in subsequent studies.

Diamond reinforced Al matrix (Diamond/Al) composites have garnered significant attention owing to their excellent heat dissipation and low density. However, preventing the interfacial Al4C3 while optimizing interface thermal conductance and thermal expansion mismatch remains a challenge. Herein, nano-scale Si-Al coatings were introduced on the diamond surface via a low-temperature synthesis strategy, which developed a multilayer structure comprising SiC, Al4SiC4, and Si when annealed at 900 degrees C. The phase transition of SiC from 3C- to 4H- type is crucial for forming Al4SiC4. During the infiltration, the crystalline Si within the coatings effectively inhibits the interaction between molten Al and elemental C. First-principles calculations confirmed superior interfacial bonding and phonon matching with the introduction of SiC and Al4SiC4. By regulating the coating thickness, an excellent thermal conductivity (TC) of 723.18 W center dot m- 1 center dot K- 1 and a suitable coefficient of thermal expansion of 5.96 x 10-6 K- 1 at 373 K are achieved. The 50 nm Si-Al coated diamond/Al composites exhibit remarkable service stability, with a 6.1 % reduction in TC after 200 cycles of temperature shock tests, and a 0.2 % decrease after 200 h of soaking water treatments. These findings highlight the Si-Al coatings to address interfacial challenges in diamond/Al composites, laying the groundwork for their practical application.

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is widely recognized as an ideal anode electrode material for electrochemical wastewater treatment. However, constructing a BDD electrode capable of achieving high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and mass transfer efficiency remains challenging. Herein, a novel three-dimensional (3D) BDD electrode with a staggered network structure built by 3D printing technology was constructed via hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Experimental results demonstrated that 3D BDD electrodes exhibited a higher degradation efficiency and lower energy consumption under various experimental conditions compared to the flat BDD electrode. The superior degradation performance of 3D BDD electrodes resulted from the increased ECSA, spatiotemporal yield of reactive active radicals and charge transfer rate as well as the significantly improved mass transfer rate confirmed by the computational fluid dynamics simulations. This work could offer a potential solution to the structural design of high-performance electrodes for wastewater treatment.

Although diamond-reinforced Cu matrix (diamond/Cu) composites can achieve high thermal conductivity (TC) via interface modification, the significant mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between these composites and semiconductors, along with the degradation of heat transfer performance during long-term service, severely impedes their engineering applications. In this work, inspired by the concept of elemental interdiffusion, a novel interface design strategy combined with the control of the interface layer thickness was put forward to achieve the goal of simultaneously enhancing the heat transfer ability, thermal expansion matching, and thermal stability of the diamond/Cu composites. The results reveal that, when adjusting the sputtering time to 45 min, the designed diamond/Cu composites exhibit an excellent TC of 743 W center dot m- 1 center dot K- 1, a low CTE of 4.5 x 10-6 K- 1 at 323K and a faster thermal response. After undergoing 100 thermal cycles in an atmospheric environment, the composites maintain a high thermal diffusion coefficient up to 244.9 mm2 center dot s- 1, with only a 20.7 % decrease. It has been confirmed that introducing the WC-(Zr,W)C multi-level interface layer is conducive to improving the interfacial bonding strength and phonon matching between diamond and matrix. In addition, there are uniformly distributed diamond particles, a high relative density, and isolated pores in the diamond/Cu composites post-thermal shock, ensuring the distinguished heat transfer ability. This work not only tackles the engineering application challenges of diamond/Cu composites and elucidates in-depth understanding of the enhancement mechanisms, but also offers a fresh perspective for interface layer design in thermal management composites.

Boron-doped diamond (BDD)-based advanced oxidation processes featured exceptional advantages in treating refractory organic contaminants. Herein, we reported, for the first time, the BDD-based quadruple coupling system, namely (+)BDD|PMS + CoAl2O4+Air|GF(- ), by fully integrating the advantages of electrochemical oxidation, peroxymonosulfate (PMS), CoAl2O4 and electro-Fenton-like process, to degrade tetracycline (TC) via active radicals (i.e., O2 center dot- , SO4 center dot- , center dot OH) and non-radical singlet oxygen (1O2). In the quadruple system, CoAl2O4 particles could be polarized into suspended particle electrodes, promoting PMS activation to form active radicals by homo- and heterogeneous pathways and expanding the reaction regions to a broad spatial range; meanwhile, aeration is the key to the electro-Fenton-like process and an indispensable source of 1O2. Interestingly, high concentrations of 1O2 existed both on the BDD surface and in the bulk solution whereas other active species only existed on the former, indicating the crucial role of 1O2 in the TC removal. Leveraging the synergistic effect, the quasi-first-order kinetic constant of the coupling system for TC removal was 8 times that of the single EO system at only the cost of one-seventh of its electric energy consumption. Finally, the proposed coupling system exhibited long-term stability and practical application potential.

The weak interfacial bonding strength between diamond and copper intrinsically restricts the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of diamond particles/copper composites (abbreviated as DP/Cu). This work first proposed the diamond skeleton (DS) as the reinforcement element rather than dispersed diamond particles. The tungsten (W) transition layer (c.a. similar to 300 nm thick) having adequate thermal expansion coefficient was sputtered onto the surface of DS via vacuum evaporation technology, aiming to improve the wettability between diamond and copper and accordingly increase the thermal conductivity of DS/copper composites extruded by gas pressure infiltration technique. The experimental results show that the coated W layer can effectively improve the wettability of the diamond surface and reduce the wettability angle from 108.6 degrees to 13.2 degrees. Raman and XRD spectra show that the W layer can, to a great extent, prevent the graphitization of the diamond surface. SEM and EDX evidence a continuous heat transfer path of DS inside the composites. The thermal conductivity of the DS/Cu composite with low diamond loading of 18.4 vol% reaches 575 W/mK, 43.3% higher than that of pure Cu. Finite element simulations show that DS exhibits excellent heat transfer characteristics, agreeing well with the thermal conductivity simulation results.

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with a three-dimensional (3D) porous network structure can overcome the mass transfer limitations and increase substantially the utilization rate of active oxygen species. Nonetheless, the 3D porous network structure was invariably built using metallic substrates, which inherently have inferior stability because of their non-corrosion resistance and the severe thermal mismatch between BDD films and substrates. Herein, we reported, for the first time, the use of a commercially porous silicon carbide (SiC) as the substrate to construct a 3D SiC/BDD electrode to simultaneously alleviate the problematics of substrate corrosion and thermal mismatch. This novel electrode exhibited a long-term service lifetime of 800 h in 3 M H2SO4 under the current density of 50 mA cm- 2, over 500 times longer than the conventional metallic substrate-based BDD electrodes. The optimum p-SiC/BDD electrode exhibited a high oxygen evolution potential of 2.04 V vs. SHE, a low charge transfer resistance of 18.4 Omega, a high mass transfer coefficient of 2.78 x 10-5 m s- 1, and a thin diffusion layer thickness of 25.2 mu m. The proposed electrode had a threefold larger pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant than a flat BDD electrode, although it consumed just a fourth of the latter's electric energy. The superior performance was attributable to an increased mass transfer rate confirmed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations as well as a high yield of reactive oxygen species verified by electron spin resonance (ESR). Furthermore, the proposed SiC/BDD electrode could work effectively under different water matrices in the presence of diverse salt electrolytes, thus paving a new avenue for the structure design of robust non-active anode materials.

Real-time sensing of dopamine is essential for understanding its physiological function and clarifying the pathophysiological mechanism of diseases caused by impaired dopamine systems. However, severe fouling from nonspecific protein adsorption, for a long time, limited conventional neural recording electrodes concerning recording stability. This study reported a high-antifouling nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond microsensor grown on a carbon fiber substrate. The antifouling properties of this diamond sensor were strongly related to the grain size (i.e., nanocrystalline and microcrystalline) and surface terminations (i.e., oxygen and hydrogen terminals). Experimental observations and molecular dynamics calculations demonstrated that the oxygen-terminated nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond microsensor exhibited enhanced antifouling characteristics against protein adsorption, which was attributed to the formation of a strong hydration layer as a physical and energetic barrier that prevents protein adsorption on the surface. This finally allowed for in vivo monitoring of dopamine in rat brains upon potassium chloride stimulation, thus presenting a potential solution for the design of next-generation antifouling neural recording sensors. Experimental observations and molecular dynamics calculations demonstrated that the oxygen-terminated nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond (O-NCBDD) microsensor exhibited ultrahydrophilic properties with a contact angle of 4.9 degrees, which was prone to forming a strong hydration layer as a physical and energetic barrier to withstand the adsorption of proteins. The proposed O-NCBDD microsensor exhibited a high detection sensitivity of 5.14 mu A mu M-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 25.7 nM. This finally allowed for in vivo monitoring of dopamine with an average concentration of 1.3 mu M in rat brains upon 2 mu L of potassium chloride stimulation, thus presenting a potential solution for the design of next-generation antifouling neural recording sensors.

Using copper-boron alloy as the metal matrix and different-sized diamond particles through 110 μm, 230 μm to 550 μm as reinforcement, the diamond/copper-boron alloy composites were prepared via gas pressure infiltration technology under 1100 ℃ and 10 MPa gas pressure. The influences of the size of diamond particles on the configuration, interlayer phase distribution, and thermophysical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that with the increase of particle size, there is a benefit of better interface bonding, and the thermal conductivity of the diamond/copper-boron composite is enhanced while the thermal expansion coefficient decreases. When the diamond particle size is 500 μm, the best performance of the composite is obtained. The thermal conductivity is 680.3 W/(m·K), and the thermal expansion coefficient increases from 4.095×10−6 K−1 to 7.139×10−6 K−1.

The effects of boron concentration and deposition pressure on the microstructure and electrochemical oxidation performance of Ti/BDD electrodes during HFCVD growth were systematically investigated. The electrode's surface morphology, composition, and electrochemical performance were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and an electrochemical workstation. Tetracycline served as a simulated pollutant to evaluate the electrochemical oxidation degradation performance of BDD electrodes fabricated with different boron concentrations and deposition pressures. As air pressure increases, the grain quality of the diamond gradually decreases, yet boron atom doping enhances the grain quality of the diamond. Under high boron concentration and low pressure conditions, the boron atom concentration on the diamond film's surface is elevated. BDD electrodes with larger grain sizes and higher boron atom concentrations, prepared under these conditions, exhibit superior electrochemical performance, increased degradation efficiency, and reduced degradation energy consumption.