PRLR and INHBA ge ne were studied as candidate in Xuhuai goat and Boer goat,to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of PRLR gene and INHBA gene in the two groups by PCR-SSCP to study the relationship between the gene and the prolificacy of Xuhuai goat.The results showed that:The products amplified by five primers displayed no polymorphisms in Boer goat,primer P2 and P5 displayed polymorphisms in Xuhuai goat.For primer P2,there were two genotypes(AA and AB),there were also two genotypes(CC and CD) for primer P5.The sequencing results revealed that the genotype AB compared to AA genotype,the exon 10 of PRLR gene had one point mutation(A→G) at 307 bp,the genotype CD of INHBA gene had one point mutation(T→A) at 1042bp compared to CC genotype.The difference of the least squares means(LSM) for litter size between the genotype AA and AB of PRLR gene and the genotype CC and CD of INHBA gene was non-significant(P0.05).These results preliminarily showed that the locus of PRLR and INHBA gene had no significant effect to the high prolificacy of Xuhuai goat.

良好的母性行为是仔畜存活和适应环境的关键,故母性行为与畜牧生产的收益密切相关.本研究以99只湖羊为研究对象,通过录像资料记录数据,利用生物统计方法探讨初产、经产母羊母性行为的差异,旨在发现湖羊母性行为的表现规律,以期为制定适合其生长繁育的管理措施提供依据.结果表明:初产母羊的分娩时间比经产母羊的长,且在产双羔组差异显著(P＜0.05),在单羔和多羔组中差异不显著(P＞0.05).两组母羊抛弃羔羊和偷盗羔羊发生率均差异显著(P＜0.05),而寻找、舔舐和踩踏行为无显著性差异(P＞0.05);拒绝哺乳行为和哺乳行为差异均极显著(P＜0.01);两组羔羊7日龄重差异显著(P＜0.05).综上可知,初产母羊比经产母羊更容易表达异常母性行为.

The aim of this study was to study the genetic diversity of PRLR gene in Hu sheep to discuss its effect on Hu sheep maternal behaviors and provide the genetics analysis method for evaluating sheep maternal behaviors.81 parturition ewes were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of PRLR gene exon10 by using PCR-SSCP,in which 63 individuals were observed for maternal behaviors.The methods of normal distribution test,cluster analysis and nonparametric test were used to reveal the Hu sheep maternal behavior distribution rules and the difference of Hu sheep maternal behavior with various genotypes.The result showed that only the products amplified by primers P3 displayed polymorphisms.The genotypes were AA,AB and BB,and each genotype fitted Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The statistical data of licking,nursing,treading and refusing to feed lamb didn't fit normal distribution.The results of nonparametric test with multiple independent samples showed that the difference of observations for licking,nursing and trampling of individuals with AA,AB and BB genotypes was extremely significant(P<0.01).No obvious difference was found in individuals with three genotypes for the behaviour of refusing to feed young sheep(P>0.05).As the result showed,the partial sequences of PRLR gene exon10 had polymorphisms and there was correlationship between PRLR gene and maternal behaviours.According to the preliminary inference,PRLR gene could be used as candidate gene affecting the Hu sheep maternal behavior.

Good maternal behavior is critical to the survival of baby animals.The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the polymorphism of prolactin receptor(PRLR) gene and maternal behavior.The PCR-SSCP technique was applied to study the polymorphism of PRLR gene exon10.The results showed that only the products amplified by primer 3 displayed polymorphisms and three genotypes(AA,AB and BB) were detected.The analysis of genetic diversity level within populations indicated that three genotypes were accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,which indicated that the populations could be selecting for maternal traits.Using least square analysis,it was observed that there was no significant difference between observations for licking and trampling behavior of AA and AB genotypes individuals(P >0.05),but it had significant difference compared with BB genotype(P <0.05).However,for nursing behavior,the observations of the three genotypes were decreased gradually,and there was significant difference(P<0.05).No obvious difference was found in three genotypes for the behavior of refusing to feed young sheep(P>0.05).Consequently,we conjectured that the allele A might be an advantageous gene.

Prolactin receptor(PRLR)gene was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Hu sheep.Primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 10 of PRLR gene in Hu sheep,Small Tail Han sheep,Wadi sheep and Altay sheep by PCR-SSCP.The products amplified by P2 of the four sheep and P3 of Altay sheep were accorded with Hardy-Wenberg equilibrium,and others were in Hardy-Wenberg disequilibrium.In the fragment amplified by primer P2 there was no significant difference for the distribution frequency among different genotypes of the four sheep breeds(P 0.05).In the fragment amplified by primer P3 there was extremely significant difference for the distribution frequency between Altay sheep and the other three breeds(P0.01),and there were no significant differences among other three breeds(P 0.05).There were extremely significant difference for the litter size among four breeds(P0.01),but no significant difference was observed among different genotypes amplified by primer P2 and primer P3(P0.05).There was no significant difference among the different genotypes for the litter sizes of Hu sheep(P0.05).The research showed that PRLR gene couldn't be selected as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Hu sheep.

Difference in the expression of maternal behaviour can affect lamb development and survival in early period.Ewes showing a poorer quality of maternal behaviour at parturition and throughout lactation are hard to establish a close ewe-lamb bond with their lambs,and have higher lamb mortality.The expression of maternal behaviour in sheep,physiological control,factors affecting the expression of behavior,and the selection on maternal behaviour in the production management are discussed in this review.It will provide a reference for the production practice in strengthening maternal behaviors in selecting and breeding.

The Booroola gene(FecB) is a dominant autosomal gene responsible for the fecundity of Booroola Merino sheep with an additive effect on ovulation rate and litter size firstly identified in 1980s.In this study,PCR-SSCP,PCR-RFLP and DNA sequences were used to detect the polymorphism of mononucleotide within FecB gene of 470 sheep including Hu sheep,Small Tailed Han sheep,Wadi sheep,and Altay sheep.And detected whether the FecB gene was the major gene for prolificacy to wadi sheep.The results indicated that these two methods had the identical results and displayed accurately genotyping,good stability and reliability.And the result also showed that the four sheep breeds or strains carried the same FecB mutation(A746G) as found in Booroola Merino sheep.Which is more important,it also proved that FecB gene could be the major gene for prolificacy to wadi sheep.

本研究选用75只徐淮山羊作为实验动物,将FSHβ基因第2外显子作为影响山羊产羔性状的候选基因,对其第2外显子进行扩增、测序、序列比对和PCR-SSCP检测,探讨FSHβ基因第2外显子的遗传特征,从而寻找与产羔数相关的遗传标记,为徐淮山羊繁殖力标记辅助选择提供依据.结果表明:徐淮山羊FSHβ基因有AA、AB和AC 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.3867、0.5067和0.1066.AB型与AA型相比在外显子2的第174 bp有一处C→T沉默突变,AC型与AA型相比在外显子2的第185 bp发生G→A突变,并引起氨基酸的改变(精氨酸→谷氨酰胺).AA基因型徐淮山羊产羔数最小二乘均值比AB型的多0.2632只(P＞0.05),比AC基因型的多0.75只(P＜0.05).本研究初步认为FSHβ基因可能是控制徐淮山羊多胎性能的一个主效基因或是与之存在紧密遗传连锁的一个标记.

In this study,PCR-SSCP and DNA sequences were used to detect the polymorphism of mononucleotide within hyaluronan synthase-2(HAS2) gene in Hu sheep,Little Tailed Han sheep,Wadi sheep,and Altay sheep.Results showed that a C →A mutation was identified in the second extron which three genotypes(pp,pq,qq) were found in Hu sheep and an A →G mutation was identified in the third extron which two genotypes(rr,rs) were found.According to the χ2 test,four sheep breeds in the second exon genotype distribution were not consistent with Hardy Wenberg balance,in the third exon of the genotype distribution consistent with Hardy-Wenberg balance.The genotype frequency distribution among this four sheep breeds were not significantly different(P0.05).There was no significant difference among the different genotypes in the second and third exon for the litter sizes of Hu sheep.Preliminary research indicated HAS2 gene has no influence for the of litter size in Hu sheep breed,and HAS2 gene can not be the candidate gene for Hu sheep breed.