A shaking table test was performed to study the dynamic response and failure modes of high slope. Test results show that PGA amplification coefficients increased with increasing elevation and the PGA amplification coefficient of the concave slope was slightly larger than that of the convex slope. The slope type affected the dynamic response of the slope. The elevation amplification effect of the concave slope under seismic load was more significant than that of the convex slope; thus, the concave slope was more unstable than the convex slope. Additionally, the PGA amplification coefficient measured on the slope surface was always larger than that inside the slope, and the data show an increasing trend with the broken line. The dynamic amplification effect of the high slope was closely related to the natural frequency of the slope. Within a certain range, the higher the frequency, the more significant the amplification effect. The dynamic failure process of concave and convex slopes was studied through tests. Findings indicate that the dynamic failure modes of the concave slope are characterized by shoulder collapse, formation of the sliding surface, and integral sliding above the slope line. Dynamic failure modes of the convex slope are mainly slips in the soil layer and collapse of the slope near the slope line.

To study the influence of slope position and ground motion parameters on dynamic response of acceleration, through the shaking table model test, the slope dynamic responses of different slope type are analysed, the influences of slope shape, elevation, type of seismic wave, vibration intensity, earthquake frequency on dynamic response are revealed. The experimental result shows that (1) the modal parameters of slope are independent of elevation, and the first order natural frequency of the model system reduces gradually and the damping ratio increases gradually as the white noise increases gradually; ( 2 ) the acceleration amplification factor of measuring point on concave slope is slightly larger than that on convex slope, the stability of convex slope is better than concave slope; ( 3 ) under seismic load, the elevation amplification effect affected by slope topography and ground motion parameters is different, the elevation amplification effect of the concave slope is more significant than the convex slope; ( 4 ) the acceleration amplification coefficient obtained from each measure point at slope surface and inner slope shows a trend of increasing fold line, but the acceleration amplification coefficient of each measuring point of slope surface is greater than that of inner slope;(5) slope dynamic amplification effect is closely related to the natural frequency of slope, in certain range, the higher the frequency, the more significant the amplification effect; (6) along the height direction, the impact of vibration strength on the slope dynamic response distribution is little, but the impact on the slope acceleration amplification effect is obvious.

以营双高速公路沙漠边坡为依托,对沙漠公路防沙体系的建设及生态防护、经济效益进行了研究,提出了生态防护设计方案.基于层次分析法中的多级模糊评价方法对沙漠路段的两个设计方案进行优选,根据沙漠公路边坡防护设计原则及适生植物选取原则对边坡防护中应用的各种措施进行防风固沙效益、经济效益比较分析,从中筛选出防治效果好,设置成本低,设计合理的边坡生态防护设计方案.结果表明:方案一略优于方案二,即路堑边坡采用柴草沙障护坡,在沙障内栽植花棒,播撒草籽,积沙平台采用红柳+撒播草籽.

风积沙路基承载能力与风积沙填料的强度特性有直接的关系.由于风积沙级配不良、颗粒比较细并且其水理作用过程相当复杂,因此风积沙与一般土质材料的强度特性既有一些相似之处,也有一些与一般土质材料明显不同的特点.本文以甘肃营双高速公路为依托,通过直接剪切试验、风积沙不固结不排水剪切试验,确定风积沙的强度参数,同时根据试验中观察到的现象,结合试验结果,对风积沙的强度特性及其机理作出合理解释.

利用自行设计研制的密闭球磨粉碎、加热解析、氦气吹扫、冷阱捕集在线分析装置,研究烃源岩中分散有机质的轻馏分烃C5-C13的化学组成.对胜利油田东营、沾化凹陷10块古近系沙河街组烃源岩和其抽提物的饱和烃组分,及15个该地区的原油样品进行了C5-C13轻馏分色谱分析和饱和烃色-质分析,然后通过岩-油nC6-nC9轻馏分对比及油-油轻馏分对比和分类,结合岩、油中“较重”的生物标志物参数及其地质背景综合研究,认为:①Es4(上),Es3(下)和Es1段烃源岩分散有机质中的轻馏分烃各有不同的化学组成特征；②烃源岩分散有机质C5-C13轻馏分的化学组成与其沉积时水体盐度之间有相关性,这种相关性与我们以前对原油的研究成果一致；③15个原油的油-岩对比说明,有8个原油的轻馏分主要源自Es3(下)段烃源岩,有4个油样的轻馏分主要源自Es4(上)段,另外7个似应为混源油；④自行设计的在线分析装置,可以为研究烃源岩分散有机质中C5-C13轻馏分的特征及其在油气地球化学方面的应用提供一个新的技术手段.

The metering and controlling of down hole flow has became an important and indispensable technology in the development of oil field as well as the intelligent oilfield technology, the correlative data which measured by them can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the production and management of the oil-field. Develops a new flow measurement device which can adapt to the complex down hole environment is very important. This paper emphasis on the composition of the data acquisition system about flow test in the down hole, including the design of data acquisition system, the application of bus, the selected of core chip and the design of software, and super-induce some collecting data that get in the test, determining the most value information, as well as making a more rapid response to the oil deposit management, gets up a significant guiding sense to the heavy oil development and the intelligent well completion.

检测了6种香精油和加氢松节油中共25个单萜类单体化合物的稳定碳同位素组成,取得了一些有启示意义的结果:（1）由陆生高等植物制取的香精油中各种单萜类的单体化合物的δ13C值均在-34‰～-26‰之间,多数化合物的δ13C值为-29‰～-27‰,数据相当集中;并且不同香精油中同一萜类化合物的δ13C值相当接近.这些数据特征为油气源对比应用研究提供可能.（2）链状单萜的δ13C值较集中,分布在-28.6‰～-26.2‰之间,δ13C的算术平均值为-27.7‰;环状的相对分散,平均值为-28.6‰,但多数的接近这个平均值.（3）单萜类生源化合物还原为单萜烃时,无论是人工过程还是地质过程,都会发生富集13C的同位素分馏效应,其中链状单萜化合物的分馏效应较强.石油中的链状单萜2,6-二甲基辛烷来源复杂,除高等植物外还有其他来源.

The light hydrocarbon data from 772 oil samples in 25 oilfields, together with GC/MS data from 338 saturated hydrocarbon samples were used to discuss the relationship between kerogen types, using the heptane value, isoheptane value and C29 sterane 20S/(S+R) ratio. Although the heptane and isoheptane values are related to kerogen type, the correlation is different from that in Thompson's interpretation, so the correlation cannot be directly used in research on land facies oils in China. Consideration should be taken when using the heptane and isoheptane values, as secondary alteration and mixed oil sources are the main factors leading to the abnormal change in heptane and isoheptane values. The heptane and isoheptane values have a larger maturity range than that of C29 sterane 20S/(S+R). There are three types of oil samples (original immature oil, altered oil and mixed source oil with different maturity) that may fall into the “Biodegradation” area of the Thompson interpretation. For the biodegraded oil in Thompson's interpretation, the reservoir may have undergone a secondary charge.

Four crude oil samples,representing different depositional environments,were collected from Tuha,Daqing,Tarim and Jianghan oil fields,respectively.A cold seep carbonate sample from the South China Sea,was used as a reference due to its richness in crocetane(2,6,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecane) and 2,6,10,15,19-Pentamethylicosane(PMI).By using a 120 m long HP-5 column,phytane and its stereoisomer or crocetane could be well separated,and the resolution could be up to 0.9;pristane and meso-pristane were also separated at the same time.Stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual compounds of the saturated hydrocarbons were analyzed after the n-alkanes were removed by the molecular sieve method.The δ13C value of phytane at the mixed peak for well Guang33 is ?28.4 ‰(PDB) and well TZ-10 is ?33.9 ‰(PDB) while that for the cold seep carbonates sample is ?47.8‰(PDB).Compared with the South China Sea carbonate sample,the presence of crocetane in the studied oils was deduced based on chromatographic retention time,mass spectrometry characteristics and stable carbon isotopic values.Two origins could be responsible for the crocetane.One is related with methanogens,the other is the stereoisomer of phytane with a similar origin with phytane.In addition,the Pr/Ph ratios of the four crude oils vary slightly before and after chromatographic separation of stereoisomers.Therefore,the conventional Pr/Ph ratio is still significant.

The metering and controlling of down hole flow have become an important and indispensable technology in oilfield development and the intelligent oilfield technology,the correlative data which are measured by them can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the production and management of the oilfield.Bases on the metering technology of three phase mixed measurement the working principles of the down hole Venturi flow measurement is introduced in this paper,the working process discussed and a new flow measurement device which can adapt to the complex down hole environment developed,especially,the calculation of the hardware part clearly derived.This device,whose structure is simple,no plug-in is needed,no interference with the fluid flow with a little pressure loss,it is not apt to be affected by the change of fluid properties,is easy to install,safe and reliable,high in precision and suitable for down hole flow measurement and control.

Twenty-five monoterpanes from six types of essential oils and hydrogenated turpentine oil have been identified and their stable carbon isotope composition determined. Monoterpanes in essential oils sourced from terrestrial higher plants display a δ13C value in the range of −34‰–26‰, and mostly between −29‰ and −27‰. The δ13C value of any single monoterpane is very consistent in different essential oils. Acyclic monoterpanes show closer isotope composition between −28.6‰ and −26.2‰, with an average value of −27.7‰. In contrast, the isotope composition of cyclic monoterpanes is more scattered with an average value of −28.6‰. Isotopic fractionation with 13C enrichment has been observed during both artificial and geological hydrogenation of monoterpenoids to monoterpanes, and this is more obvious for the acyclic monoterpenoids. In addition to higher plants, acyclic monoterpane 2,6-dimethylheptane in crude oil can also be originated from other organic inputs.

Based on describing the current situation measurement of down hole multiphase,introducing the flow meter's development direction,optimizing the output,realizing a better formulation oil field extraction craft,determining the most value information,as well as making a more rapid response to the oil deposit management,gets up a significant guiding sense to the heavy oil development and the intelligent well completion.

There are many down-hole failures of electric submersible pump which are difficult to diagnose in the process of oil production. And the fault diagnosis has become the focus to study at present. In the oil field production, the diagnosis of electric submersible pump has important significance to assuring the equipment working efficiently and saving production cost. The method of neural network pattern recognition and data acquisition is presented in the paper. What’s more, the software which can distinguish the operation mode and draw the behavior graph and trajectory characteristic graph is developed based on this method. And then study the feature extraction by the method of time series model according to the different current curve on the current cards. Moreover, it can also form a characteristic repository of the current cards and continuously perfect it. The diagnosis range and diagnosis accuracy will be improved greatly by this method, which is an extension of traditional methods. The practice shows that, this technology has very wide application prospect.

石油钻具库存管理系统在油田生产管理中起到主要作用,它是优化生产、提高效益的一个基本途径。介绍了基于J2EE标准钻具库存管理系统的设计板块,简述了该系统的功能及其应用。该管理系统的实施和广泛采用势必为油田钻具科学管理提供一种行之有效的措施。

An attempt to analyze the light crude oil from Huagong Formation in well A,Pinghu gas and oil field,East China Sea,is made by using C2DGC/TFGC(Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry).The total 1 784 compound peaks are separated in C2DGC/TFGC figures,in which 1 643 peaks are higher than 100 in signal/noise ratio.Between nC6 and nC8,52 compounds are detected and 9 combined peaks not recognized before are separated.Further more,there are 26 aromatic compounds and 24 adamantanes detected respectively within nC10~nC11 and nC10~nC13 segments.With high sensitivity and resolution,C2DGC/TFGC will be widely used in organic geochemistry in the future,if in combination with applying the classification function of its software.

The composition characteristics of light hydrocarbons from crude oil, chloroform bitumen A, saturated hydrocarbon fraction, aromatic hydrocarbon fraction, and asphaltene fraction during cracking have been studied systematically. The results revealed that the content of n-alkanes, branched alkanes and cycloalkanes in light hydrocarbons from the samples gradually decreased as the simulation temperature increased, and finally almost depleted completely, while the abundance of methane, benzene and its homologues increased obviously and became the main products. The ratios of benzene/n-hexane and toluene/n-heptane can be used as measures for oil cracking levels. Variation characteristics of maturity parameters of light hydrocarbons, for example, iC(4)/nC(4,) iC(5)/nC(5), isoheptane value, 2,2-DMC4/nC(6), and 2-MC6+3-MC6/nC(7) for different samples with increasing pyrolysis temperature, are consistent with those in petroleum reservoirs, indicating that these parameters may be efficient maturity index.

In allusion to the problems of domestically used packers, a study was conducted from the aspects of simulated operation conditions and physical property of sealing rubber of packer, its operation situation was accurately represented, and it could be used in engineering. It can provide a theoretical basis for accurately analyzing the packing performance in different operation situations and optimizing its design.

By the online analysis system of liquid nitrogen freezing-impact crushing-closed thermal desorption-helium purging-cold trap capturing-gas chromatogram(Patent Application No.2007101194606),the online analysis is made for the source rock samples of about 2 cm grain size.Due to the large grain size of the samples,the light fraction loss of the samples before and after crushing is greatly reduced.As a result,the original status of light fractions of organic matter in the source rock is maintained well.In the acquired chromatogram,about 203 peaks from C5-C13 have been got,pair peaks of 2-methylhexane and 2,3-dimethylpentane could be separated to lower than half of the peak width,and 3-ethylpentane could also be seen as a shoulder peak.The repeatability of the measurement is good.With the source rock samples from Junggar Basin as an example,this analysis method is applied in oil-source correlation.This method may provide a new research tool for identifying the oil sources and calculating the remaining hydrocarbon volume in oil-gas exploration.

对原油、氯仿沥青A、饱和烃馏分、芳烃馏分和沥青质馏分在裂解过程中轻烃化合物的组成特征系统研究显示,随着模拟温度的增高,样品中轻烃化合物正构烷烃、支链烷烃和环烷烃逐渐减少,最终消耗殆尽;而甲烷、苯及其同系物的丰度明显增加,成为主要产物.不仅提出了苯/正己烷与甲苯/正庚烷比值可作为原油裂解程度的指标;而且发现不同类型样品在裂解过程中,轻烃常用的成熟度参数iC4/nC4,iC5/nC5,异庚烷值、2,2-二甲基丁烷/正己烷与(2-甲基己烷+3-甲基己烷)/正庚烷比值,随着模拟温度的增加其变化规律与油气藏中发现的现象一致,揭示这些参数可能是油气演化过程中有效的成熟度指标.