为探讨乳腺增生病的证候演变规律和证候诊断标准,参照乳腺增生病证候诊断标准和自拟混合型证候标准,采用中医"四诊",对乳腺增生病证候演变规律和证候诊断标准进行了验证研究.结果表明:出现了许多混合型证候类型;证候与病程有密切关系(P<0.05);痰瘀互结型组与肝郁气滞、冲任失调型组及混合型组在舌象、脉象方面有显著差异(P<0.05).痰瘀互结型与混合型组主要表现为舌紫暗有瘀癍,而肝郁气滞型与冲任失调型组在舌象方面无显著差异,均表现为舌淡为主.4组证型在脉象方面亦均有显著差异.乳腺增生病证候诊断标准,尚有许多亟待完善之处.引入有价值的客观化指标和采取动态观察方法进行证候演变规律的研究,对于揭示乳腺增生病的证候本质,将极具意义.

Objective: To observe the controlling effect of Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati) toxin-reducing granules on the adverse reaction induced by methadone maintenance.Methods: 200 patients under methadone maintenance in 2010 at the 1st Abstinence Clinic,Wuhan Center of Mental Health,were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group of 100 each.The treatment group received the granules and methadone orally,while the control group took methadone only.Results: The granules were effective for constipation,sexual malfunction,menopause,spontaneous sweating,urination difficulty,and asthenia in most patients of the treatment group(95.00%,86.25%,66.67%,90.00%,87.50% and 78.75%,respectively),showing significant differences from those of the controls(P0.05).Conclusion: Huangjing toxin-reducing granules can effectively control the adverse reaction induced by methadone maintenance,and promote the patients' compliance with methadone maintencance.

乳腺增生病是最常见的乳房疾病,其发病率占乳腺疾病的首位,多发于有月经周期的女性,发病率约在40%～50%之间.其基本病理变化为乳腺组成成分的增生,在结构、数量及组织形态上表现出异常,其本质上是一种生理增生与复旧不全造成的乳腺正常结构的紊乱.由于一小部分乳腺增生病重的患者以后有发展成为乳腺癌的可能性,所以有人认为乳腺增生病为乳腺癌的"癌前病变".