文章介绍了3种不同良种繁育技术体系的理论和基本程序,并对我国主要农作物良种繁育技术的演变进行分析,为作物良种繁育提供参考.实践表明,株系循环法在当今市场经济条件下仍然是良种繁育的主要方法之一,在将来也还会有广阔前景.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in physical and chemical characteristics of soybean sprouting at different time and provide theoretical bases for edible and processing use of sprouting soybean.Seven soybean materials with different sprouting periods were used to measure the length of sprouts,the contents of protein,total sugar,fat,ash,reducing sugar,vitamin C,calcium,magnesium,iron,manganese,copper and zinc by using conventional chemical methods and the atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis (AAS).The relationships between sprout time and quality characters were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).The results showed that there was a certain correlation between most nutrient quality characters.The cumulative variance contribution of two extracted principal components was 92.18％ approximately.The first principal component was related to length of sprouts,fat,ash,reducing sugar,vitamin C,calcium,magnesium and iron contents,which were the basic quality factors.The second principal component was related to protein and total sugar contents,which were the feature factors.Based on the component score plots and cluster analysis,the seven kinds of soybean were classified into three groups.The first group was rich in basic nutrition,the second group had higher sugar and lower protein,and the third group was related to higher protein,higher vitamin C and lower sugar content.These results preliminarily made sure the nutrition characteristics of soybean sprouts germinated at different time,and could provide references for direct eating and further processing of soybean sprouts.

根据中职类学生种植专业教学实践的要求，提出了种植专业农作物栽培学教学目的和改革目标，论述栽培学教学内容、手段与方法，为提高农作物栽培学教学效果和加强中职学生综合素质的培养提供参考。

Early generation stability of a japonica rice variety, 84-15, was retested by using the allelic differences of two qualitative traits, i.e., glume tip color and waxy endosperm. Results showed that both glume tip color and waxy endosperm segregated in progenies of single F1 plants derived from two crosses of 84-15/Zi 18 (purple color) and 84-15/Dahuaxiangnuo (waxy). The results denied the conclusion obtained in previous studies that 84-15 had a characteristic of early generation stability. Moreover, it was found that using the coefficient of variation as an indicator of early generation stability was unreasonable by analyzing plant height as an example. Importance of avoiding systematic error in research works was also discussed.

Heterotic group theory (HGT) has played a major role in supporting hybrid maize breeding for about 100 years. The basic content and studies of HGT, and its application in rice and maize were summarized in this paper. Additionally, difficulties and challenges for hybrid rice breeding in China were analyzed, and necessity and urgency in hybrid rice breeding by using HGT were proposed.

Heterotic groups have played an important role in hybrid maize breeding for more than 100 years. The concept of heterotic groups and patterns,and their application in rice and maize were reviewed. Challenges for hybrid rice breeding in China were analyzed,and necessity and urgency for using heterotic groups in hybrid rice breeding were pointed out.

Dormancy indices of hulled and dehulled seeds were investigated by using 19 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, 9 restorer lines and their 109 F-1 hybrids of indica hybrid rice. The seeds of each F1 and the parents were harvested on 35 days after flowering. Combining ability was analyzed in 25 combinations made by 5 CMS lines and 5 restorer lines (North Carolina II mating design). The seed dormancy index of F1 was positively and highly significantly correlated with those of their parents and mid-parent value. Out of the 109 combinations, 82 combinations showed mid-parent heterosis, and 43 heterobeltiosis. Seed dormancy indices of F(1)s and their parents declined dramatically in dehulled seeds compared with hulled seeds, indicating that the hull played an important role in seed dormancy. However, the trends were similar in hulled seeds and dehulled seeds in terms of relationships between the seed dormancy indicices in F1 and their parents. The influence of hull on seed dormancy mainly depended on F-1 genotype, not on the hull from maternal parent. The variances of general combining ability (GCA) in female and male parents occupied 59.2% and 31.1% of total variance, respectively. The variance of specific combining ability (SCA) in combinations occupied 9.7% of total variance, indicating that gene additive effects were principal. Among the 5 CMS lines, II112A had the highest GCA effect for seed dormancy, followed by D62A. Among the 5 restorer lines, IR112 had the highest GCA effect for seed dormancy, followed by 2786. These lines are elite parental materials for breeding F-1 hybrid rice with stronger seed dormancy.

齐宁8号是从AIS0122-2×鲁薯8号的杂交后代中选育而成的高产、优质食用加工型甘薯新品种.经6年47处试验表明,春、夏薯鲜薯产量分别比徐薯18增产25.2%和8.1%,可溶性糖、胡萝卜素和维生素C含量均高于徐薯18,综合性状优良,适应性广.

太谷核不育小麦是山西省太谷县高忠丽同志于1972年在国内外首次发现的小麦天然突变体.1981年全国成立科研协作组,由邓景阳博士主持.协作组从植物学、细胞学、生物学、生物化学、遗传育种学方面进行了大量的科学研究.通过多学科、多部门的协作,对太谷核不育小麦的研究利用现在已经取得了可喜的成果.