在湖北恩施的连作土壤中分离出一种能够高效降解烟碱的细菌P3a,从形态结构特征、16S rDNA序列分析以及建构系统发育树等方面对其进行鉴定,结果表明P3a为节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.).该菌株能在pH 7.0、温度37℃、230 r/min的条件下,36 h内对2 g/L烟碱的降解率为99.06％.并将菌株P3a应用到新鲜的烟叶中,发现它可以减少1 kg新鲜烟叶中55.11％的烟碱.鉴于其对烟碱的降解能力很强,可高效地应用于环境和烟草废弃物中烟碱降解.

不同品种雪茄烟叶晾制后叶色存在显著差异.本研究以晾制后的雪茄烟品种楚雪10号(CX-010)和楚雪14号(CX-014)烟叶为材料,运用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)联用技术开展非靶向代谢组学分析,探索两品种烟叶在晾制后代谢物的相对含量差异及其与叶色的关系.结果表明,两个品种晾制后的烟叶代谢物相对含量存在显著差异.与CX-014相比,CX-010烟叶中游离氨基酸与生物碱相对含量总体较低,脂质相对含量总体较高,相差最大的32种差异代谢物包含2种氨基酸、10种酚酸、3种酰胺等物质.结合KEGG代谢通路分析,发现精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路中脯氨酸生物合成途径在两品种间差异显著.差异代谢物的生理功能分析显示,两品种烟叶晾制后的叶色差异主要与脯氨酸、水杨酸、黄酮类和生物碱的含量差异有关.

Germinating traits of tobacco seed that osmoconditioned by PEG were studied,such as germination rate,influence of time on seed energy and germination index,and activity of related enzymes.Results showed that PEG osmoconditioning can improve germinating traits and activity of related enzymes in tobacco seeds.The optimal osmoconditioning way for tobacco seeds is to continuously osmocondition for 3 days under 10% PEG with additional pumping air.

[Objective] The aim was to perfect the breeding technique of tobacco and improve the seedling quality.[Method] With the seedlings of E'yan No.1 as the materials,different artificial light were taken for supplemental lighting treatment,and the effects of supplemental lighting on growth of tobacco seedlings were studied.[Result] The spectral range that tobacco leaf absorbed and used on visible light was wide.The absorption intensity of tobacco leaf on different wave band light in order was blue lightgreen light red light purple light.At 14 d of supplemental lighting,the common fluorescent lamp treatment could significantly increased the chlorophyll a content of tobacco seedling and common fluorescent lamp,bio-effect lamp and green fluorescent lamp treatments could significantly increased chlorophyll b content of tobacco seedling.At 21 d of supplemental lighting,blue fluorescent lamp and red fluorescent lamp treatments could significantly increased chlorophyll a content of tobacco seedling and incandescent lamp,energy saving lamp treatments could significantly increased chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b contents of tobacco seedling.All lamps all could promote dry matter accumulation of tobacco stem and the treatment effects of incandescent lamp,energy saving lamp and bio-effect lamp were the best.[Conclusion] Incandescent lamp was the first choice in technology of supplemental lighting breeding of tobacco.

Study was executed to discover the mechanism and application that osmoconditioning enhance tobacco seed's ability to resisit imbitional chilling injury.Polyethylene glycol(PEG)'s osmoconditioning effect on exosmosis of seed inclusion was detected in our experiments,we had determined the activity of connected enzymes in osmoconditioned seeds that had imbibed under chill condition;and growth date,seedling quality were also investigated.The results showed that PEG osmoconditioning could remarkably decrease the exosmosis of seed inclusion,enhance and stabilize the activity of connected hydrolyzing enzymes and protecting enzymes in seeds that after imbibed under 0℃ condition during budding stage.Additionally,united with seed-pelleting technique,osmoconditioning could remarkably increase germination percentage,predate seedling's transplant,improve seedling's quality when met with imbitional chilling injury in field.

白肋烟施用沼肥后产量、产值、上等烟率均有提高的趋势。施沼液的处理和既施沼渣又施沼液的处理使烟叶产量增加幅度均超过6%以上,亩产值均增加100元以上,施沼渣的处理亩产值增加了70元;施沼液、既施沼渣又施沼液、施沼渣三处理的上等烟率分别提高5.9,7.8,9.7个百分点;施沼液的处理成熟期烟叶(整株)烟碱含量与对照相比下降了0.69个百分点;与对照相比,施沼渣沼液处理和施沼渣处理的烟叶香气物质含量显著增加,其21种主要香气物质的总量增加了55.5%~105.3%,新植二烯增加了57.5%~109.3%,二氢猕猴桃内酯、吲哚、醇类总量、巨豆三烯酮、吡啶类总量、吡嗪类总量均有不同程度增加,但醛类总量、酮类总量略有下降或持平;烟叶的香气质、香气量得到较大改善。施沼液处理的中部叶和施沼渣又施沼液处理的中部叶的香气质评价均由"中等+"档次提高到较好档次。

系统研究了烟草种子引发技术的主要参数,包括引发剂浓度、引发时间对种子活力、发芽指标的影响以及引发过程中种子内含物外渗、内储藏物水解酶(淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶)和细胞保护酶(过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)活性的动态变化规律,结果表明PEG引发可以显著改善烟草种子发芽性状并显著减少种子内含物的外渗,提高种子体内相关酶活性,确定在通入空气的条件下以10%PEG-6000溶液连续引发3天为烟草种子最佳引发方式.

吸胀阶段的低温严重抑制白肋烟种子的正常萌发,渗透调节作为种子处理措施,能有效地提高白肋烟种子吸胀阶段的抗冷性.在白肋烟种子遭遇吸胀冷害后进行发芽试验,播种后第4天对照(CK)的发芽百分率仅为15.5%,而经过渗透调节处理的种子发芽百分率就已经达到了85.2%～93.3%,极显著高于对照(CK),在发芽势与发芽率方面,渗透调节处理的种子均极显著高于对照(CK).