Polytitaniumorganosilsesquioxanes were synthesized by the hydrolysis of triethoxysilanes with octyl and vinyl groups followed by the reaction with tetrabutoxytitanium and studied.

Various hydroxyapatite-filled and unfilled microspheres based on lactide and glycolide copolymers were prepared. The synthesized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) samples were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the morphology was characterized by SEM. It was shown that under the tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate catalysis the glycolide is highly active in copolymerization as compared with lactide. According to the data on weight loss and the weight average molecular weight shift of PLGA over time (pH = 6.5; t = 25 °C), an increase in the rate of microsphere destruction was noted when macromolecules were enriched with glycolic acid residues, as well as when filled with hydroxyapatite. It was shown that the rate of PLGA degradation was determined by the water-accessible surface of a sample. The rate increase in PLGA hydrolytic degradation both with an increase in glycolic acid residues mole fraction in the chain and upon filling with hydroxyapatite was the result of the microspheres’ surface hydrophilization, an increase in capillary pressure upon filling of the pores as well as of the defects with water, and an increase in the number of structural defects. Approaches to the creation of composite microspheres based on PLGA degrading at a controlled rate were proposed.

The combination of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high mechanical strength has provided a steady growth in interest in the synthesis and application of lactic acid-based polyesters for the creation of implants. On the other hand, the hydrophobicity of polylactide limits the possibilities of its use in biomedical fields. The ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, catalyzed by tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate in the presence of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, and an ester of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ester and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid accompanied by the introduction of a pool of hydrophilic groups, that reduce the contact angle, were considered. The structures of the synthesized amphiphilic branched pegylated copolylactides were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The resulting amphiphilic copolylactides, with a narrow MWD (1.14–1.22) and molecular weight of 5000–13,000, were used to prepare interpolymer mixtures with PLLA. Already, with the introduction of 10 wt% branched pegylated copolylactides, PLLA-based films had reduced brittleness, hydrophilicity, with a water contact angle of 71.9–88.5°, and increased water absorption. An additional decrease in the water contact angle, of 66.1°, was achieved by filling the mixed polylactide films with 20 wt% hydroxyapatite, which also led to a moderate decrease in strength and ultimate tensile elongation. At the same time, the PLLA modification did not have a significant effect on the melting point and the glass transition temperature; however, the filling with hydroxyapatite increased the thermal stability.

The reports on the synthesis and study of polycarboranesiloxanes published after 2000 have been reviewed. The data on the C- and B-substitution at the carborane core are presented. Major parameters of the synthesized polymers, including thermal, mechanical, and others) have been estimated.

Coatings on glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been obtained on the basis of oligosiloxanes bearing chloromethyl and aminopropyl groups. Treatment of the coatings with amino alcohols and anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids has afforded the samples exhibiting hydrophilic properties. The use of amino alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups has favored the appearance of superhydrophilicity.

A new ferrocene- and silane-containing Schiff base was synthesized by the reaction of 1-acetylferrocene with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The structure of the new compound was confirmed by physicochemical methods. The heat treatment of the Schiff base and a glass cloth impregnated with the Schiff base afforded magnetic materials.

It has been established, that the introduction of ionic groups into the structure of oligosiloxanes promotes the formation of hydrophilic coatings under microwave irradiation. The hydrophilicity of the coatings increases with an increase in the irradiation power.

A series of poly(β-amino esters) were synthesized using the Michael addition reaction from 1-(3-aminopropyl)silatrane and glycol diacrylates. The structure of the resulting olygomers was confirmed by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Using acetylsalicylic acid as a model drug, the ability of synthesized olygomers to bind carboxyl-containing physiologically active compounds was shown. Synthesized polymers have been found to possess biological activity characteristic of low molecular 1-(3-aminopropyl)silatrane.

Monosubstituted B-chloro(organo)silylmethyl-o-carboranes have been synthesized for the first time by the reaction of o-carborane with chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilanes in the presence of catalytic amount of aluminum chloride. The reaction proceeds at temperature of 200–250°C under a pressure of 22–25 atm. A decrease in the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule of chloromethyl(organo)chlorosilane decreases the yield of the target product.

New high-temperature resistant poly(carboranylmethyldiorganosiloxane)s have been synthesized by the polycondensation of 1,7-bis-[hydroxy(dimethyl)silylmethyl]- m -carborane with bis-(dimethylamino)diorganosilanes. It has been shown that the replacement of dimethylsiloxane units in polymer chain by methylphenylsiloxane or diphenylsiloxane units leads to formation of amorphous polymers. The polymers show high thermal stability and resistance to alkaline reagent. Thermally stable and fire resistant vulcanizates showing high strength within –40 to +300°C (in air) have been obtained from the poly(carboranylsiloxane)s.

A method has been developed for the obtaining of new oligo(dimethyl)silanes comprising 1,7-bis(methyl)- m -carboranyl units and bearing the terminal chlorosilyl or methoxysilyl groups. Reactions of such oligomers with an excess of benzylmagnesium chloride or 1-chloromagnesiummethyl- m -carborane lead to oligo- m -carboranylenemethylenesilanes containing the terminal benzylsilyl or m -carboranylmethylenesilyl groups. The novel oligomers are highly viscous liquids possessing a high heat resistance and also a resistance towards the treatment with a strong alkaline reagent.

Synthesis of arylenebis(2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitriles) by the Gewald reaction was developed. The structures of the synthesized monomers were established by IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. Polycondensation of these monomers with diacetylferrocene gave azomethine-bridged polythiopheneferrocenes.

Objectives. Biologically active polymeric surfactants are a new promising class of macromolecules that can find application in medicine, cosmetology, and agriculture. In this study, a number of new biologically active amphiphilic polymers based on branched silatrane-containing polyesters and polyethers were obtained, and their surface-active properties were investigated.Methods. The branched polymers were represented by polyethers and polyesters, obtained respectively via the anionic polymerization of 1,2-epoxypropanol or a combination of equilibrium polycondensation and ring opening polymerization. The polymers were modified with 3-isocyanopropylsilatrane and trimethylethoxysilane to obtain the amphiphilic compounds containing silatrane groups bonded to the polymer backbone by the urethane bond. The structure of the synthesized polymer silatranes was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The surface active properties of all the copolymers obtained were investigated in connection with their obvious amphiphilicity. In particular, the formation of micelles in aqueous solutions is such a property. The critical micelle concentrations were determined by a method of quenching the fluorescence of the polymers.Results. It was shown that the values of the critical micelle concentrations and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of polymers determined by the Griffin equation correlate well with each other. A linear relationship between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and the critical micelle concentrations was established. At the same time, polyether-based polymers generally showed higher critical micelle concentrations than polyester-based polymers, although the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values for polymers of different series, but with close degrees of substitution, were close. It was found that the use of all synthesized polymers as stabilizers of direct and reverse emulsions leads to an increase in the aggregative stability of both types of emulsions. The stability of emulsions depended both on the degree of substitution of peripheral hydroxyl groups of polymers by silatranes and on the molecular weight and structure of the branched block of polymers. The stability of direct emulsions increased for all polymers, while that of inverse emulsions decreased with an increasing degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups by silatranes. The increase of the branched block molecular weight led to an increase of droplet sizes for both direct and inverse emulsions. The smallest droplet size for direct and inverse emulsions was obtained using polymers with low molecular weight branched polyester blocks as surfactants.Conclusions. The results obtained prove the possibility of creating polymer surfactants containing silatrane groups. By varying the structure of the polymer, its molecular weight and the degree of substitution of peripheral functional groups, it is possible to obtain surfactants with desired surface properties.

An efficient method for the synthesis of o(m)-carboranylmethylsiloxanes by the Grignard reaction from 1,2(7)-bis(bromomagnesiummethyl)-o(m)-carboranes and 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxane has been developed. As a result, 1-(1,1,3,3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-2(7)-methyl-o(m)-carboranes, 1,2(7)-bis(1,1,3.3,3-pentamethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-o(m)-carboranes, exocyclic 1,2-(o-carborano)-4,6-bis(dimethylsilyl)-5-oxacycloheptane, 1,7-bis(chloro-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxanylmethyl)-m-carborane, and oligomer containing two 1,7-bis(dimethylsilylmethyl)-m-carborane units have been obtained.

A composition and a method of applying a fl ame retardant composite coating for cellulose based fabrics are proposed in the paper. Optimal concentrations of components, which allow obtaining a coating with a maximum degree of oxygen index of 46%, were determined. It is shown that the observed fi re-resistant eff ects are a consequence of the complex infl uence of all components of the phosphorus, nitrogen, siloxane-containing composition.