The Baiyun East area is one of the two favorable reservoir-forming areas in the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. At present, exploration is facing the stage of turning to the deep strata of the Paleogene. In recent years, drilling has found that the sandstone in the deep gentle slope zone becomes less abundant, which contradicts the development model of extensional half-graben reservoirs. Based on the comprehensive interpretation of deep reprocessing 3-D seismic data and drilling data, a full 3-D structural analysis of the Paleogene and subbasement detachment surface in the Baiyun East area is carried out. The basin evolution stages are reclassified according to the dynamic mechanism. The tectonic sequence has been modified from a passive rift cycle to three cycles of passive rift-active rift-passive rift.The tectonic episode is subdivided into six curtains from three stage cycles: fault episode-fault depression conversion episode-depression episode is subdivided into rift two subepisodes-fold two subepisodes-rift shrinking episode-drift episode, and the subdivision scheme better reflects the law of strata deformation.A new model of compression-extension deformation of the Paleogene basin has been established in the eastern Baiyun area. In the development process of the extensional structure, the new model coordinates the Paleogene structure-sedimentary response of the eastern Baiyun area. This model enriches the evolutionary model of the South China Sea Basin and provides support for the exploration of new deep areas in the Baiyun Sag.

珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷古近系油气成藏受多种动力多种要素联合控制,因此不能完全依照经典的浮力成藏理论预测有利成藏区带.通过剖析研究区已经发现的油气藏揭示出三种动力对油气成藏起到了关键作用,包括低位能(背斜类油气藏)、低压能(断块类油气藏)、低界面能(岩性地层类油气藏);在每一种动力作用下,油气成藏受到有效烃源层、优相储层、区域盖层、低势区带4个功能要素及其时空组合的控制.通过建立多动力-多要素复合成藏模式,对陆丰凹陷古近系4个目的层有利成藏区带进行了预测评价,优选出10个最有利目标,为研究区油气深化勘探和钻探目标优选提供了科学依据.

Exploration practice has revealed abundant carbon dioxide gas reservoirs in many depressions of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea with a CO2 content as high as 90%. These CO2 reservoirscan either directly displace the early oil reservoirs or affect the oil and gas charging scale, which further increases exploration risk. Based on the comprehensive analysis of drilling data, geochemical analysis data, gravity and magnetic research results, the migration and accumulation conditions of the CO2 reservoirs have been investigated. Our results suggest that CO2 in the Pearl River Mouth Basin is sourced by inorganic mantle, and its distribution locations are controlled by regional caprocks and reservoirs. CO2 is mainly distributed in upper Oligocene to lower Miocene strata and the overlying strata, with its contents gradually decreasing upwards. Meanwhile, the distribution of inorganic mantle source CO2 is greatly controlled by the fault system, and its distribution locations have a close relationship with the ranges of basement faults and igneous rocks. The inorganic CO2 gas is sourced by the degassing of mantle-derived magma. Its vertical migration process is mainly controlled by different scales faults, especially the regional abyssal faults. Therefore, it can be concluded that mantle-derived magma activity and fault systems are the main controlling factors for the accumulation processes of CO2 reservoirs. The mechanisms of mantle-derived CO2 migration and accumulation can be summarized into two types by structural differences. In the northern depression zone, CO2 migrates along deep faults step by step to the upper and middle crust to form a "transfer station". By contrast, the detachment system developed in the Zhu 2 Depression, and CO2 migrates along the detachment plane to upper strata.

珠江口盆地发现的油气资源主要集中在拗陷期沉积的中新统?渐新统,在断陷期沉积的始新统中找到的油气仅占已发现油气资源的8％,而在中生代古潜山领域尚未获得商业性油气发现.富烃洼陷是否有大量的油气仍保存在中?深层的断陷层系内,古近系和中生代古潜山("双古")地层油气运?汇通道是否有效发育,成藏动力的强弱,以及圈闭和储?盖组合是否发育等是古近系和中生代古潜山领域勘探面临的主要问题.基于"源?汇?聚"评价思想,通过对珠江口盆地惠州26洼的源(烃源岩类型与质量、热成熟演化史与生排烃史、油气资源类型与规模)、汇(运?汇单元、运?汇方向、输导通道、汇聚强度)、聚(二级构造带与圈闭、储?盖组合、充注强度、保存条件)等静态和动态成藏要素相结合进行深入研究,揭示了惠州26洼古近系和中生代古潜山领域的源?汇?聚特征,提出了"油型烃源岩晚期加快熟化、先油后气、断?压双控、源?储对接强势供烃、立体运聚"动态成藏模式,推动了惠州26?6构造古近系和中生代古潜山新领域勘探获得重大突破.

系统分析了南海北部地壳岩石圈结构及其新生代伸展变形的差异性,并探讨了其成因机制.基于南海北部陆缘重磁震联合反演所获得的Moho面深度和地壳厚度,发现地壳的伸展薄化具有"南北分带、东西分段"差异,由北向南可分为陆架均匀薄化带(地壳伸展系数β＜1.2)、上陆坡楔形薄化带(1.2＜β＜2)、下陆坡强烈薄化带(β＞2)共3个带;而陆缘深水区由东向西以4条NW-SE向基底隐伏断裂带为界可分为5段:台西南盆地陆缘,珠江口盆地陆缘的东段陆缘、中段陆缘、西段陆缘,琼东南盆地陆缘.不同区段地壳薄化程度交替变化,强烈薄化区呈指状向陆延伸,其所对应的沉积盆地断裂样式、充填结构、裂后沉降、岩浆活动等均表现出不同特征.上述差异表明,南海北部陆缘岩石圈在新生代的伸展薄化过程中,显著受控于先存中生代主动陆缘所形成的基底构造格局及其所对应的岩石圈结构差异;在伸展过程中岩浆大量底侵至下地壳,其热效应导致下地壳的韧性增强,进而改变地壳薄化方式,而先存NE-SW向走滑断裂成为伸展过程中岩浆大量底侵至下地壳的通道.依据岩石圈结构差异及其与沉积盆地响应关系,可将南海北部陆缘岩石圈伸展破裂过程总结为 自上而下伸展破裂模式、自下而上伸展破裂模式、似纯剪切快速伸展破裂模式共3种模式.不同伸展破裂模式下,其所对应的裂陷期沉积盆地规模、岩浆改造程度均具有明显差异,导致勘探潜力及勘探策略的不同.

珠江口盆地东部开平凹陷中深层断裂非常发育,这些断层不仅控制圈闭的发育,而且对油气输导运移成藏也起着关键作用,因此断层的识别和刻画对于该区勘探开发尤为重要.由于该区地质背景、构造演化比较复杂和特殊,又加上中深层地震资料受采集处理各种因素影响(信噪比较低、品质较差),运用常规的相干体方法识别断层效果很差,构造很难落实.这里采用基于方向性边界保持滤波方法对地震资料进行处理,去除噪声,使地震图像中断层信息得到增强,断层图像信噪比和分辨率都相应提高,有利于进一步的断裂解释以及油气输导体系定量评价,在开平凹陷中深层复杂断块地区得到了较好应用.

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷是南海东部石油工业的摇篮,也是珠江口盆地(东部)最早取得中深层古近系油气突破的地区.近10年惠州凹陷勘探遭遇瓶颈,为了寻找新的大中型油气田,开展研讨和加强石油地质条件再评价工作.通过转变思路,坚定“老油区新作为”的勘探信心,提出“立足富洼、聚焦古近系—古潜山、拓展新领域”的勘探理念;加强研究攻关,提出富油洼陷找气新认识,惠州26洼湖相混合型母质“油气兼生,晚期快速生气”,具有较大天然气资源潜力;提出环惠州26洼“古近系—古潜山”圈闭群具有“近源强势供烃、立体网状输导”成藏模式,是勘探转型、新领域突破的首选区带.近期该区带惠州26-6“古近系—古潜山”大中型油气田勘探突破证实了高成熟富油洼陷找气新方向,揭开了惠州凹陷“古近系—古潜山”勘探新篇章,极大拓展了珠江口盆地(东部)古潜山勘探新领域.

位于南海东部海域的惠州26-6构造在中生界潜山及古近系获得油气勘探重大突破,是珠江口盆地古潜山及浅水区中深层凝析气勘探的首个规模发现.为进一步指导该区油气勘探,对惠州26-6构造开展了烃源岩、储层、运移通道、聚集方式和气藏封盖等石油地质条件深入研究,提出了其油气成藏模式.研究表明:①惠州凹陷文昌组发育大面积、厚层的优质高成熟湖相烃源岩,具有油气兼生、晚期快速生气特征;②中生界火成岩叠加上覆古近系扇三角洲砂砾岩,构成了惠州26-6构造区泛潜山储层,其中恩平组储层以低孔-低渗的中砂岩和砂砾岩为主,文昌组储层以中低孔-中渗的含砾粗砂岩和砂砾岩为主,潜山储层以裂缝-孔洞型及裂缝型的蚀变闪长岩及蚀变花岗岩为主;③中生代以来,多期挤压-伸展构造作用下的断裂差异性活化塑造了巨厚泛潜山裂缝型储集体;持续活动的断裂沟通了高熟烃源灶和泛潜山储层;湖相泥岩为天然气提供了严密的封盖;距今10 Ma以来,文昌组湖相烃源岩大面积成熟,高压强势充注、晚期快速成藏.惠州26-6大中型泛潜山油气田的发现,揭开了珠江口盆地富烃洼陷周缘深埋潜山凝析气勘探序幕,对中国东部晚期构造活跃的中新生代盆地潜山油气勘探具有启发意义.

在海上石油平台的供电系统中,关键供电设备如开关柜、变压器、变频器柜、UPS柜等的安全运行始终是平台设备管理者紧绷的一根弦,这些关键供电设备绝大部分电力故障的征兆表现为异常高温,因此,对关键供电设备进行精准温度监测至关重要.海上石油平台对关键供电设备温度的监测手段通常为电气师、电气主操或电工采用手持式红外测温枪对关键供电设备进行针对性的巡检和记录.对于400V及220V开关柜,尚可采取有监护人的情况下进行带电检测的方式,对于中、高压设备如变压器、中高压开关柜和低压设备如变频器、UPS等,其功率发热元器件在带电的情况下均无法打开其柜门或者箱体,手执式红外测温仪无法检测到其内部发热情况.因此这种依靠现场电气师、电气主操或电工携带手执测温枪进行巡检的方式存在如下主要问题:占用大量的人力资源、测量准确度受人为因素影响较大;设备测温点位置、数量因人而异,覆盖范围不全面;人工巡查,安全漏洞大,及时性差,故障可能因为发现不及时导致严重后果;数据先存储在红外测温枪的存储卡中,还需要倒入到办公电脑里面,费时费力,不能自动生成曲线和报表.尤其对那些中高压设备如变频器、变压器、中高压开关柜、UPS等,其带电情况下设备处于完全封闭状态,无法对其内部的发热功率元器件进行温度监测,导致设备有时只能“带病工作”,存在较大的安全运行隐患.“双视”技术集双光同步、精准测温及超温AI诊断预警三大优势功能于一体,对关键供电设备进行区域实时在线单点测温、区域多点测温、相间温差分析、温度趋势分析等,适用于海上石油平台尤其是无人化、少人化、智能化平台的关键电力运行设备的在线温度监测和告警.

油藏静压是油藏动态管理过程中重要的一项参数,渤海P油田一般采用随钴测压折算法、不稳定试井法以及油藏动态经验法预测油藏静压.但近年来多层合采使得各层压力差异性强,压力复杂,且目前新钻井随钻测压资料以及关井不稳定试井数据越来越少,仅凭动态经验获取的静压数据,其准确性很难保证.本文首次提出基于油井起泵阶段压力数据,根据井筒储集效应下压力管流和渗流耦合理论,利用直线回归系数(R2)极大值法预测油藏静压的方法.经过与渤海P油田24口井的随钻测压折算油藏静压、试井解释静压和油藏动态经验预测静压进行对比,结果吻合程度高,且具有短时、高效、成本低的特点,为新钻井压力预测提供了一种新方法.

对于采用一套直井注采井网开发的碎屑岩油藏,受各小层间渗透率差异大影响,储层非均质性严重,注水井注水层段内各小层吸水不均,高渗层强吸水,对应同层位油井见效快,易水窜,低渗层吸水量小或不吸水,导致水驱控制储量动用程度差,影响油藏开发效果.通过对M油藏注水效果分析,结合吸水剖面、产液剖面、含油饱和度等动态监测资料,利用渗透率极差、非均质系数以及变异体系数值大小,提出了注水井段内各小层细分重组方法,指导现场注水井段优化调整20井次,新增水驱动用储量146万吨,阶段注水累增油2.5 t,取得较好效果,可为其他油藏提供借鉴经验.

目前油井酸化是P油田的主要增产措施,受平台流程及钻完井作业影响等因素限制,每年可实施油井酸化的井次有限.为了提高酸化增油量,需要进行酸化井优选.运用模糊综合评判的方法进行本次研究,首先对已实施油井的酸化效果进行评价和相关性分析,确定影响酸化效果的主因为充填系数最小值、非主力连通层地层系数占比、垂向压力分布标准差等;分析酸化效果,确定单因素评判集,求得隶属度矩阵;利用层次分析法比较各因素,求得权重向量;由隶属度矩阵和权重向量可求出综合评判结果,从而建立了酸化优选方法.2017年优选酸化井实施19井次,平均年单井增油0.5×104 m3.该法为P油田酸化选井提供了理论依据,为相似油田油井酸化及其他措施选井提供了有益的借鉴.

受地震资料分辨率的限制和薄层干涉的影响,单一的薄油层与水层的地球物理特征难以区分.当油层较为富集时,地球物理特征会较明显.在珠江口盆地恩平凹陷,根据钻井实际资料及地震数据并结合地球物理正演模型,确定了油层的富集层段的门槛值.并在此基础上,进一步分析了油层的富集层段的地球物理属性,并采用多属性融合技术代替单一属性技术在恩平凹陷进行了盲井验证,取得了比较理想的预测效果.

The continent slope of the South Dongsha Uplift of the Pearl River Mouth Basin(water depth is between 900 m ~2 600 m)with series of contourite developed exist prominent water exchange between South China Sea and Western North Pacific,but the researches on depositional characteristics and formation mechanisms of contourite are still lack of sufficient evidences. Based on the analysis of regional seismic data and drilling data from ODP1144 site, 5 types of bottom current deposition can be established:plastered drift、elongated-mounded drift、separated drift、sedi-ment wave and sheeted drift. Through the characteristics and distribution of contour current,the contourite developed successively from continent slope to abyssal,and sediment wave mainly developed in continent slope.The development and evolution of contourite in South Dongsha Uplift during the Quaternary controlled by various factors,the main fac-tors including:the"two-layers"circulation pattern of intermediate and deep-water masses between South China Sea and Western North Pacific、Coriolis effect、the interaction between bottom current and gravity current which induced by eustacy during glaciation and interglacial periods and the topography of seafloor which was modified by neotectonic movement.

To clarify the relationship between seismic acquisition bin and migration imaging is helpful to obtain high-resolution seismic data and of great significance to evaluating lithological traps and exploiting petroleum reservoirs.According to the drilling data from the HZ oilfield in the Pearl River Mouth basin in the South China Sea and in combination with studies on the superimposed relationship of sand bodies,the mapping of pinch-out points,stratigraphic resolution and steep-dip formation,four sets of sand-body models varying in scale and occurrence have been designed,which uses the elastic wave equation to accomplish compressional seismic gather,thereby simulating the imaging with changing acquisition bin and discussing deeply the influence of the acquisition bin on migra tion imaging.The results indicate that small bin acquisition can avoid the interference of spatial aliasing,protects the high frequency information of steep dip angle of diffraction arc,and reduces the influence of anti-aliasing operator on the energy homing of the sand body boundary and steep-dip strata.High-density seismic data acquisition have been conducted twice on the K22 sand body of the HZ oilfield (the acquisition bin is 6.25 m × 12.5 m in size),which provide the basis for operations like reservoir prediction and wellsite deployment.As proved by the successful encounter of thick oil layers of 16 m in thickness by an appraisal well,the small acquisition bin can provide reliable data for the evaluation of steep-dip structures and the exploration and development of lithological reservoirs.

The disappearance of the carbonate platform is the frontier and hot field of sedimentary research. The Lower Miocene Zhujiang Formation carbonate deposited in the Dongsha uplift of Pearl River Mouth Basin is the latest marine carbonate in China. The process of origin, development and perished of the Zhujiang Formation carbonate is controlled by the tectonic movement, sea-level change and provenance, the research of this pattern can be served as a classical case study in the South China Sea and even in the world. According to the calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifer zones collected from the drilling core, the upper bond of the Zhujiang Formation and the Middle-Lower Miocene boundary are classified in the boundary between calcareous nannofossil NN4 zone and NN5 zone, the lower bond of the Zhujiang Formation and the Miocene-Neocene boundary are divided in the bottom of foraminifer N4 zone. The ages of the foraminiferal N4-N8 zones and the calcareous nannofossils NN2-NN4 zones are determined, the lowest and the topmost boundary are 23. 03Ma and 15. 97Ma respectively, and the seismic reflection is located between T40 and T60. The carbonate platform firstly formed in 21Ma, and then was submerged by mudstone in 16. 5Ma. Earlier Dongsha uplift was higher in the south and lower in the north. After 21Ma, because of subsidence of the Dongsha uplift, the function of the provenance to Zhu 1 depression was lost. Carbonate platform was developed in the north of Dongsha uplift which subsided quickly. At the early stage, there was a carbonate ramp. After 20Ma, the whole Dongsha uplift was submerged, and then extensive development of carbonate formations was start, including the transition from carbonate ramp to platform. As the settle expanded to the southern, the Dongsha uplift gradually changed to higher in the north, the whole platform expanded continuously to the southeast, the platform sedimentary is gradually shrinking to local reel flat complexes, the top of northern paleogeomorphic remanet fragmentary patch reefs. After 16. 5Ma, the center of subsidence had been migrated to Zhu 2 sag, then the fragments from northern and northwest prograde continuously to Dongsha uplift, ultimately led to the termination of the platform. Combined with the analysis of geological events in the Zhujiang Formation period, this paper argues that the demise of early carbonate rocks is due to the global sea level down to the lowest at this time, which accelerate the supply of sediment in the region. The limestone is directly submerged by the sediment from the north. The disappearance time of carbonate rocks (formed from 20 +/- 0. 5Ma to 18. 3 +/- 0. 5Ma) is controlled by the change of relative sea level, volcanic action of basement and the migration of subsidence center. The dead time of the late phase carbonate may be after the tectonic inversion and the growth environment of carbonate rocks has changed which are caused by clastic sediment from the north. Therefore, the terrigenous clastic injection, subsidence center migration, relative sea level changes and ancient landform control the growth and death of carbonate rocks.

Small normal faults are well developed in the Miocene in Jinghai Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and they are characterized by close spacing,highly variable strike,limited trace length,small throw,steep dip,crosscutting and polygonal geometry on plane view.Comprehensive study reveals that they are non-tectonic origin.A polygonal fault system (PFS) consists of small normal faults formed due to periodical pressure release induced by shallow overpressure.The overpressure is mainly caused by differential compaction,aquathermal pressuring and chemically driven volumetric contraction (syneresis) due to rapid sediment deposition.During the Eocene and Oligocene,Jinghai Sag experienced lithospheric stretching,followed by thermal subsidence in the Early and Middle Miocene,with the deposition environment evolved from lacustrine-neritic facies to bathyal-abyssal facies.The poor development of growth faults which play a key role in connecting the source rock of lacustrine-neritic facies and reservoir of bathyal-abyssal facies resulted in the absence of vertical hydrocarbon migration pathways.Polygonal faults are highly developed in the Miocene Zhujiang and Hanjiang Formations in Jinghai Sag and can act as hydrocarbon migration pathways,thus are highly significant for hydrocarbon accumulation during post-rift thermal subsidence.

目前蓬莱油田85％的油井采用压裂充填完井,近年来42％的压裂充填井出现产液量递减现象,研究递减成因及控制因素对于改善油田开发效果十分必要.通过岩心试验、动静态数据对比分析的方法,总结归纳出造成压裂充填井产液量递减的原因:速敏、应力敏感、近井地带产出液乳化等;控制因素为:固井和充填质量、生产压差、注采运行情况.研究结果表明,良好的固井、压裂充填质量是稳液、提液的前提,合理生产压差、油水井平稳运行和优化注水工作是避免产液量递减的保证,通过油井解堵和相应加强能量支持可有效解决液量递减问题.研究成果在渤海蓬莱油田开发中取得了较好效果,对同类油田的开发有一定借鉴意义.

Currently, the setting plug for through-cable packer is disadvantageous for multiple integrated functions, complex structure, high workload of slick line operations, time-consuming operation and high mainte-nance cost. In this regard, a new type of simple setting plug has been developed. The new plug is suitable for the setting of through-cable packer for ?88. 9 mm tubing with simplified structure, low cost and easy maintenance. The new plug has a simplified slick line operation procedure with once casting and once fishing, which helps to reduce the operation time by 2~3 h and operating costs by 50%. By adopting internal and external dual casting-fishing structure, the tool has an additional fishing capacity which improves the operation success rate. Field application shows that the step location method of the new plug does not need the landing nipple during operation, eliminating the risk of plug falling into the hole. The tool can reduce the number of workover operations with good performance.

With increasing of domestic pipe scale, number of the middle-late pipeline is increasing. So the pipeline integrity management is more valued. High consequence areas as an important part of pipeline integrity management are particularly important. In this paper, standards of high consequence areas of the oil and gas pipeline at home and abroad were compared and analyzed to determine similarities and differences. In addition, the present situation and problems of domestic oil and gas pipeline integrity management were analyzed, and some suggestions for domestic oil and gas pipeline integrity management were put forward.