Cucumber Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) severely threatens global cucumber production. Current control strategies face limitations in sustainability and efficacy, highlighting the need for new, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, from a library of 675 fungal isolates, Trichoderma koningiopsis Snef2767, T. asperellum Snef2773, and T. virens Snef2774 exhibited broad-spectrum antagonism against FOC and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM). Among them, Trichoderma koningiopsis Snef2767 exhibited the highest in vitro inhibition rates against FOC and FOM, which were 85.32% and 85.66%, respectively. In pot trials, root irrigation with culture filtrate of Snef2767, Snef2773, and Snef2774 reduced disease severity and enhanced plant growth, with biocontrol efficacies of 60.38%, 52.83%, and 39.63%, respectively. Two-year field trials confirmed consistent control efficacy of the three strains, with the control efficacy of Snef2767 being particularly remarkable (55.84%–56.11%). Mechanistically, all three strains inhibited FOC spore germination and mycelial growth via non-volatile metabolites and hyperparasitized FOC hyphae, inducing shrinkage and degradation. Furthermore, Snef2767 primed cucumber resistance by upregulating salicylic acid (SA) pathway genes and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes in cucumber roots, while also enhancing antioxidant enzymes. The high efficacy under field conditions and plant growth-promoting ability support the potential of Snef2767 as a sustainable biocontrol agent.

Bacterial flagellin (flg), a key MAMP, activates plant immunity against various diseases. Solavetivone is a major sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin that forms one layer of defense against fungi pathogens in Solanaceae plants. However, the function of compound and biosynthetic pathway genes of solavetivone in Solanaceae plants against Meloidogyne incognita has not been explored. In this study, we discovered 49 differentially expressed genes through RNA-seq analysis of tomato plants treated with Pseudomonas fragi flagellin flg22pf and M. incognita, among them two of the solavetivone synthesis genes, premnaspirodiene oxygenase (K15472) and vetispiradiene synthase (K14182) were found with function against M. incognita. Further subcellular localization indicated that K15472 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cell membrane, whereas K14182 is localized to the nucleus, cell membrane, and ER. The contents of solavetivone in K14182 and K15472 over-expressing plants increased by 6.21 and 4.57 folds. Correspondingly, the number of nematodes in the roots of tomato plants with over-expression of these two genes was significantly lower than that in the roots of wild-type (WT) tomato plants. Subsequently, the Pluronic F-127 model demonstrated that solavetivone exhibited a concentration-dependent dual effect: a low concentration (0.01 mg/L) attracted M. incognita, and a high concentration (≥0.1 mg/L) repelled it. Furthermore, the external application of solavetivone at 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L led to a significant reduction of nematode infestation in potted plants. These results collectively verify that P. fragi flagellin flg22pf triggers solavetivone synthesis to increase tomato plant resistance against M. incognita by stimulating the expression of K14182 and K15472 genes.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause catastrophic yield losses in global agriculture. This study identified itaconic acid (IA), through comparative metabolomic analysis (the study of small molecules in biological systems), as a key virulence-related metabolite produced by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910. In vitro assays demonstrated potent nematicidal activity of IA, with an LC50 value of 243.4 mg/liter against J2s of M. incognita and 78.4% egg-hatching inhibition at 800 mg/liter, performance that is comparable with the structural analog trans-aconitic acid. Pot and greenhouse field trials demonstrated that IA has a significant impact against M. incognita while enhancing tomato growth. Seed priming with IA compensated for the damage of nematodes to the photosynthetic pigments and activated systemic resistance of tomatoes, and treatment with 100 mg/liter of IA enhanced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities, while concurrently inhibiting H2O2/MDA accumulation. Crucially, IA production by T. citrinoviride positions this strain as a self-fertilizing organism for production of a nematicide with plant-growth-promoting properties. This study highlights the dual functionality of IA in nematode management, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals.

Peanut root-knot nematode (RKN) disease caused by Meloidogyne hapla is among the most destructive soil-borne diseases threatening peanut production worldwide. We isolated Trichoderma harzianum strain Snef3255 from peanut rhizosphere soil, which exhibited high virulence against second-stage juveniles, with a mortality rate of 86.08%. Field trials demonstrated that TC and TS provided control efficacies of 70.85% and 61.88%, respectively, while boosting peanut yields by 18.15% and 13.61%. We report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of T. harzianum Snef3255 using Oxford Nanopore, Illumina and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing data. This assembly comprised seven chromosomes (40,811,729 bp) with a BUSCO completeness of 99.31%. A total of 13,611 protein-coding genes were predicted. Systematic comparative genomic analysis of T. harzianum Snef3255 with other Trichoderma species was performed, and putative functional gene clusters were investigated. Furthermore, we identified two candidate secreted proteins, ThCP1 and ThLysM1, and screened their interacting proteins in peanut, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of Snef3255 as a biocontrol agent for peanut RKN disease and provided a genomic basis for understanding Trichoderma–peanut interactions.

Background Biological control is widely recognized for its environmental benefits and has gained increasing attention. The peptide flg22 derived from biocontrol bacteria Pseudomonas fragi Sneb1990 (flg22(Pf)) exhibits significant efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita, but its mechanism is still unknown. Results In this study, we cloned the full-length flagellin gene from P. fragi Sneb1990 and found that it shares 32.02% sequence identity with the flagellin from non-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC300). Compared to flg22 derived from Pst DC3000 (flg22(Ps)), flg22(Pf) contains an amino acid substitution at position 19. Growth inhibition assays in Arabidopsis seedlings confirmed that flg22(Pf) activates immunity in an FLS2-dependent manner. The Nicotiana benthamiana leaf inoculation experiments indicated that flg22(Pf) significantly induces the expression of immune-related genes PTI5 and WRKY7, thereby enhancing resistance against Pst DC3000 infection. Furthermore, tomato treatment with flg22(Pf) promoted H2O2 production, ROS accumulation, callose deposition, and lignin accumulation. Consequently, this induction of defense responses resulted in suppressed nematode infestation. Conclusion Collectively, our results reveal that flg22(Pf) from P. fragi Sneb1990 elicits a multi-layered immune response similar to flg22(Ps), leading to an enhanced early immune response in tomato against M. incognita infestation. This study provides a novel plant immune-based strategy for sustainable M. incognita control.

Soybean, an essential oil crop in China, has witnessed accelerated seed transfer domestically and abroad in recent years. Seed carriage has emerged as a major route for the dissemination of soybean diseases. In this study, 14 soybean cultivars from three northeastern provinces were collected and examined for seed-borne microorganisms using traditional detection technology and high-throughput sequencing technology. Through traditional detection techniques, a total of six genera of bacteria and seventeen genera of fungi were isolated from the test varieties. The quantity and types of microorganisms on the seed surface were greater than those on the seed coat and within the seed, while the seed coat and internal seed contained fewer microorganisms. The dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria, accounting for 21.23%, 17.45%, 15.57%, and 11.56% of the genera, respectively. The dominant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Pantoea, accounting for 37.46%, 17.29%, and 15.27% of the genera, respectively. The dominant genera obtained through traditional seed-carrying assay techniques were also dominant in high-throughput sequencing. However, some dominant genera obtained through high-throughput sequencing were not isolated by traditional methods. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that soybean seeds from Jilin Province had the highest abundance of seed-borne fungi, followed by seeds from Liaoning Province and Heilongjiang Province. Jilin Province also had the highest abundance of seed-borne bacteria, followed by Heilongjiang Province and Liaoning Province. The isolation and identification of microorganisms on soybean seeds provide a scientific basis for seed quarantine treatment and disease control, which is of great significance for soybean production in China.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) present a significant threat to global agriculture, and the development of multi-drug resistance in these nematodes exacerbates this problem. Benzothiazole, a heterocyclic compound has been reported as a potential nematicide, however, its mode of action is not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the nematicidal mechanism of benzothiazole against M. incognita. In the toxicity assays, benzothiazole exhibited rapid and effective nematocidal activity, significantly compromising egg masses and inhibiting egg hatching while killing newly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. Microscopic observations revealed that after 48 h of incubation, a marked reduction in protein and carbohydrate levels within the J2s was observed. Notably, benzothiazole at a concentration of 14 mmol/L significantly inhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately resulting in rapid nematode death. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated that benzothiazole forms a stable complex with GST, thereby disrupting its antioxidant function. Furthermore, in pot experiments, benzothiazole effectively reduced the gall formations of M. incognita on tomato roots. Overall, this novel inhibitory mechanism of glutathione S-transferase (GST) differs from that of the neurotoxicant abamectin, which targets glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl). This mechanism holds significant promise for the development of environmentally friendly nematicides. It offers a potential solution to the growing problem of multidrug resistance in root-knot nematodes and could help mitigate the substantial economic losses caused by these pests in global agriculture.

SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins facilitate the movement of sugars through cell membranes and are essential for loading sucrose into phloem. Beyond its role in sugar transport, the SWEET protein also modulates plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among sugar transporter genes, GmSWEET20 is a positive regulatory factor involved in soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) resistance. In this study, susceptible soybean cultivars (Williams 82) were used to conduct a transcriptome analysis to characterize the responses to nematode infection, in which multiple sugar transporter genes were highly expressed. The RT-qPCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in the expression of GmSWEET20 in soybean roots with H. glycines infection. Heterologous expression tests indicated that the protein encoded by GmSWEET20 does not transport hexose in yeast. Further analysis showed that soybean lines overexpressing GmSWEET20 exhibited increased resistance to H. glycines compared with the control. A yeast one-hybrid assay was employed to discover that LOC114390362 binds to the GmSWEET20 promoter. Transient expression in tobacco leaf cells revealed nucleus and cytosolic localization of LOC114390362. LOC114390362-overexpressing soybean lines showed a reduced number of nematode infections. Overall, the results indicate that the binding of LOC114390362 to the GmSWEET20 promoter plays a positive role in regulating soybean resistance to H. glycines. The GmSWEET20 gene has great potential to improve resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes in soybean and other plants.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs. In the study of Pseudomonas putida Sneb821-induced tomato resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to validate 12 lncRNAs in tomato. Among them, the lncRNA47258/miR319b/TCP molecular regulatory module was likely implicated in the process of Sneb821-induced tomato resistance against M. incognita. Through the application of tomato hairy root and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technologies for the investigation of lncRNA47258, it was determined that lncRNA47258 could target the TCP (Solyc07g062681.1) gene and modulate the metabolic pathway of tomato jasmonic acid-related indices, thereby impeding the infection of M. incognita. Moreover, the overexpression of the target gene TCP (Solyc07g062681.1) using tomato hairy root technology demonstrated that it could regulate the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway in tomato, consequently obstructing the infection and suppressing the development of M. incognita. Collectively, lncRNA47258/miR319b/TCP (Solyc07g062681.1) was preliminarily verified to be involved in the Sneb821-induced resistance process against M. incognita in tomato.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, especially Meloidogyne incognita) are a growing threat to greenhouse tomatoes in China. However, control methods in the greenhouses in China are limited. The use of chemical pesticides such as fluopyram and thiazole phosphate to control M. incognita is expensive and harmful to the environment. The Chinese herb Asarum sieboldii is commonly used, and it shows potential as a plant-derived pesticide. We evaluated the effectiveness of A. sieboldii in regulating the soil nematode community and M. incognita in tomato greenhouses. Combining morphological identification with high-throughput sequencing techniques, we demonstrated that A. sieboldii root extract significantly reduced the relative abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) while promoting the ecological and functional recovery of bacterivorous (BF) and fungivorous (FF) nematodes. The aqueous extract exhibited high toxicity against M. incognita J2s and reduced the number of root galls by 69.5% per gram of root, decreased the number of egg masses by 58.4%, and enhanced shoot fresh weight by 53.6%. Through column chromatography and HPLC-MS analysis, mono-ethyl fumarate (MEF) and methyl gallate (MG) were identified as key active compounds, demonstrating LC50 values of 10.20 mg/L and 49.47 mg/L with root-knot suppression rates reaching 64.8% and 61.3% under greenhouse conditions. This study presents the first evidence that A. sieboldii aqueous extract effectively controls M. incognita without compromising the ecological balance of soil, providing a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally friendly botanical nematicides.

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes substantial yield losses in soybean production. Light signalling is a critical environmental factor that influences photomorphogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism. However, its transcriptional regulation under pathogen-induced stress remains unclear. In this study, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of TGACG-motif binding factor 3/4 (GmSTF3/4), a shoot-to-root mobile protein in soybean (Glycine max), were investigated during H. glycines infection. Evidence was provided that light signalling modulated soybean susceptibility to cyst nematode, marked by light-enhanced nematode infection and upregulation of photoreceptor gene expression post-infection. GmSTF3/4 interacted with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1a (GmCOP1a) and mediated its degradation. The nematode was identified to accelerate the shoot-to-root translocation of GmSTF3/4. Phenotypic analysis revealed that GmSTF3/4 promoted nematode development, whereas GmCOP1a exerted an antagonistic effect. Furthermore, the integrated analyses of Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) indicated that GmSTF3/4 bound to the promoters of multiple sugar transporter genes, including GmSWEET8, GmSWEET10b, GmSWEET13d, GmSUC8, and GmERD6-like. The subcellular localization confirmed their plasma membrane targeting, and functional validation in yeast demonstrated the sucrose transport activity of four of these genes. Transient expression assays of five candidate genes during nematode infection supported the positive regulatory role of GmSWEET10b in facilitating nematode infection and development, a result further supported by the Gmsweet10b mutant. Collectively, this study revealed that GmSTF3/4 enhanced soybean susceptibility to cyst nematodes by transcriptionally activating sugar transporter genes, offering a new avenue for SCN-resistance research.

The Gretchen Hagen 3 genes maintain endogenous hormone homeostasis by conjugating excess hormones with amino acids. Herein, we identified the members of the GH3 family in soybeans and analyzed their phylogeny, gene duplication, structure, domains, conserved motifs, cis-elements in promoter regions for stress responses, and functional characteristics. We found that GH3 genes are induced by pathogens in Group-II. Furthermore, eight out of 16 Group-II genes responded to cyst nematode infection. Overexpression of eight GmGH3 genes can enhance soybean resistance to the cyst nematode. In addition, our metabolomic analysis showed that overexpression of them affected the content of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellic acid. Overexpression of GmGH3 in soybean affects the expression of genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis. This provides valuable insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between soybeans and cyst nematodes.

BACKGROUND:Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) pose a persistent threat to global agriculture. The widespread use of chemical nematicides for their controlling has raised environmental safety and human health concerns, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Asarum sieboldii, a medicinal plant with documented bioactive properties, is a potential source of eco-friendly biocontrol agents. In this study, the nematicidal efficacy of A. sieboldii root volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against M. incognita was evaluated, and the mechanisms underlying the reduction in the number of root galls and egg masses by VOCs was elucidated. RESULTS:VOCs from A. siebedii roots exhibited significant nematicidal activity, causing 76.31% and 96.89% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 24 and 48 h, respectively, and effectively inhibited egg hatching by 72.94%. Activated carbon adsorption experiments confirmed VOCs as the primary bioactive agents. VOCs reduced the number of root galls and egg masses in tomato. We identified and screened three effective VOCs, namely 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity, and outperformed the commercial nematicide dazomet, reducing root galls on tomato by 65.5%, 55.3% and 44.4%, respectively, while enhancing the growth. These compounds triggered the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodes, leading to oxidative stress and concurrent inhibition of peroxidase and catalase activities. CONCLUSIONS:Three compounds from A. sieboldii exhibited fumigant activity against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth, highlighting their dual advantage over traditional chemical nematicides. These findings should contribute to the development of plant-based, environmentally-friendly strategies for integrated pest management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Red clay is characterised as a suboptimal foundation soil due to its high natural moisture content, elevated liquid limit, and significant plasticity. This study investigates the modification of red clay using calcium carbonate. The effects of different types and contents of calcium carbonate were analysed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and bulk density measurements. The results show that the incorporation of 5% heavy-calcium carbonate (HCC) enhances the UCS and alters the failure mode of the soil. Both HCC and light-calcium carbonate (LCC) affect the boundary moisture content. Furthermore, the bulk density and compaction results demonstrate that the addition of 5% calcium carbonate increases the maximum dry density. The introduction of calcium carbonate also leads to an increase in micropores, which disrupts the original soil structure. Considering the overall improvement effects, a 5% concentration of HCC is determined to be optimal.

Soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) disease adversely affects the yield of soybean and leads to billions of dollars in losses every year. To control the disease, it is necessary to study the resistance genes of the plant and their mechanisms. Isoflavonoids are secondary metabolites of the phenylalanine pathway, and they are synthesized in soybean. They are essential in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we reported that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes GmPALs involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, can positively regulate soybean resistance to SCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GmPAL genes in the resistant cultivar Huipizhi (HPZ) heidou are strongly induced by SCN. PAL is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and it responds to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the resistance of soybeans against SCN is suppressed by PAL inhibitor l-α-(aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid (L-AOPP) treatment. Overexpression of eight GmPAL genes caused diapause of nematodes in transgenic roots. In a petiole-feeding bioassay, we identified that two isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, could enhance resistance against SCN and suppress nematode development. This study thus reveals GmPAL-mediated resistance against SCN, information that has good application potential. The role of isoflavones in soybean resistance provides new information for the control of SCN. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

MicroRNAs play crucial roles in plant defense responses. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR398b contributes to soybean responses to soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) remains elusive. In this study, by using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of soybean hairy roots, we observed that miR398b and target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b played vital functions in soybean-H. glycines interaction. The study revealed that the abundance of miR398b was downregulated by H. glycines infection, and overexpression of miR398b enhanced the susceptibility of soybean to H. glycines. Conversely, silencing of miR398b improved soybean resistance to H. glycines. Detection assays revealed that miR398b rapidly senses stress-induced reactive oxygen species, leading to the repression of target genes GmCCS and GmCSD1b and regulating the accumulation of plant defense genes against nematode infection. Moreover, exogenous synthetic ds-miR398b enhanced soybean sensitivity to H. glycines by modulating H2O2 and O-2(-) levels. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean enhanced resistance to H. glycines. RNA interference-mediated repression of GmCCS and GmCSD1b in soybean increased susceptibility to H. glycines. RNA sequencing revealed that a majority of differentially expressed genes in overexpressed GmCCS were associated with oxidative stress. Overall, the results indicate that miR398b targets superoxide dismutase genes, which negatively regulate soybean resistance to H. glycines via modulating reactive oxygen species levels and defense signals.

BACKGROUND:Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes and causes tremendous losses to the agricultural economy. Light is an important living factor for plants and pathogenic organisms, and sufficient light promotes root-knot nematode infection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS:Expression level and genetic analyses revealed that the photoreceptor genes PHY, CRY, and PHOT have a negative impact on nematode infection. Interestingly, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a downstream gene involved in the regulation of light signaling, is associated with photoreceptor-mediated negative regulation of root-knot nematode resistance. ChIP and yeast one-hybrid assays supported that HY5 participates in plant-to-root-knot nematode responses by directly binding to the SWEET negative regulatory factors involved in root-knot nematode resistance. CONCLUSIONS:This study elucidates the important role of light signaling pathways in plant resistance to nematodes, providing a new perspective for RKN resistance research.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most yield-limiting pathogen in soybeans worldwide. Using chemical pesticides to control this disease is harmful to human and environment. It is urgent to develop environment-friendly nematicides. The aim of this study was to discover novel biocontrol agents on H. glycines control and soybean growth under greenhouse and field conditions Eight Bacillus strains were isolated from soil rhizosphere soils and the stability and efficiency of H. glycines was assessed in greenhouse and field experiments in 2021 and 2022. In particular, the Ba2-6 strain had the highest potential, because it was a biocontrol agent against H. glycines shown to cause 93.85

The construction of C-N bonds is considered one of the most useful reactions in synthetic chemistry due to their widespread presence in pharmaceuticals, natural products, etc. Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination (BHA) has provided the most efficient method to form (hetero)aryl amines but it required strong base and sophisticated ligands. In comparison, the combination of photocatalysis and nickel chemistry has revolutionized catalytic strategies and is emerging as a quintessence to realize BHA, termed as Ni-metallaphotoredox BHA. To pursue a universal protocol, diverse photocatalysts were designed and employed in Ni-metallaphotoredox BHA, and smoothly promoted C-N bond formations under irradiation of light from ultraviolet to red light, respectively. Note that the matching of photocatalyst and light was critical for success. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the discussion of Ni-metallaphotoredox BHA according to the irradiation light's wavelength, covering ultraviolet, purple, blue, red, and white light as well as solar light. We try to find a clue in the relationship of structure-photophysical behaviors of photocatalysts under the same or different irradiation light. At last, current limitations and potential trends for advancing Ni-metallaphotoredox BHA are highlighted. We deem that it could encourage chemists to continue designing suitable photocatalyst for C-N bond formations under sunlight mimicking plants' photosynthesis. This review provides an overview of recent advances in Ni-metallaphotoredox Buchwald-Hartwig amination referring to the irradiation light covering ultraviolet, purple, blue, red, and white light as well as solar light.+image

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a sedentary endoparasite nematode that results in severe economic losses in soybean crops. miRNAs play crucial roles in plant responses to nematode. However, the role of miR2119 responding to SCN stress in soybean. Here, we demonstrated that the transcript levels of polycistronic precursors containing miR2119 and miR398a were significantly reduced in soybean upon nematode infection. Promoter of the miR2119-398a precursor analysis was conducted containing a GUS reporter gene. GUS activity assays demonstrated a decrease in miR2119-398a promoter during SCN infection. Overexpression of polycistronic precursor miR2119-398a (OE-premiR2119-398a) and miR2119 precursor (OE-premiR2119) rendered soybean more susceptible to SCN. Conversely, silencing miR2119 (STTM2119) increased soybean resistance against SCN. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that miR2119 is involved in many defense signaling pathways. GUS reporter gene assays demonstrated that miR2119 targets GmADH1.1a and GmADH1.1b. Functional analysis indicated that ADHs act as a major role in responding to H. glycines by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Together, the findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the polycistronic precursor miR2119-398a coordinately regulates in response to H. glycines. Additionally, miR2119 becomes an essential element contributing to H. glycines by modulating ADH activity and ROS homeostasis in soybean.