经干法授精及在人工培育条件下观察了宽鳍鱲仔稚鱼发育过程及特征.结果表明,宽鳍鱲受精卵平均直径为2.11± 0.11 mm,在水温26～27℃条件下,宽鳍鱲仔稚鱼发育历时25 d.初孵仔鱼全长为5.29±0.14 mm,卵黄囊长为4.01±0.18 mm,孵化后120 h卵黄囊消失,营外源性营养;孵化后14 d仔鱼开始出现二室鳔及背鳍;孵化后17 d仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育基本完成;孵化后19 d仔鱼开始出现鳞片,进入稚鱼期;孵化后25 d稚鱼全长16.54±0.24 mm,全身鳞被,外部形态与成鱼基本相似,进入幼鱼期;宽鳍鱲仔稚鱼全长与日龄的线性方程为L=0.395 4t+5.997 8(R2=0.981 9);体重和体长的幂函数方程为W=0.002 4 L3.911 4(R2=0.967 1),幂指数大于3,表明宽鳍鱲仔稚鱼生长为异速生长.

为了解宽鳍鱲胚胎发育特征,在人工培育条件下对其胚胎发育过程进行观察,结果表明,宽鳍鱲成熟卵平均直径为(1.71±0.06)mm,受精卵平均直径为(2.11±0.11)mm,胚胎发育过程历经胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成及孵出等7个阶段28个时期.不同水温条件下,胚胎发育所需时间及有效积温存在一定差异,在24～25℃条件下,胚胎发育历时44.5 h,所需有效积温为1 079.13℃·h;在25～26℃条件下,胚胎发育历时41 h,所需有效积温为1 046.47℃·h;在26～27℃条件下,胚胎发育历时39 h,所需有效积温为1 039.36℃·h,宽鳍鱲胚胎发育所需时间随水温升高逐渐下降,孵化率呈先上升后下降的趋势.

In order to reveal the developmental process and characteristics of embryo,larva and juvenile of Opsariichthys bidens,we obtained fertilized eggs by dry artificial fertilization method.Then the process of development had been observed carefully under artificial rearing conditions after artificial hatching.The results showed that the mature egg (1.00-1.20mm in diameter) and fertilized egg (1.4-l.6mm in diameter) of O.bidens are demersal and in shape of spherical.The hatching of fertilized eggs took 37h at 26-28℃C,and the embryonic developmental stages of O.bidens could be divided into blastoderm stage,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage,neurula stage,organogenesis stage,heart beating stage and hatching stage.The total accumulative temperature is 968.95℃C.h and the lengths of newly hatch-out larvaes were (3.74±0.04)mm.When the water temperature was 26-28℃C,pectoral fin formed on 12HAH (hour after hatching).What's more,the formations of intestines have been observed on 48HAH.One-chamber air bladder and formed on the 84HAH;to mostly larva fish of O.bidens,the behaviour of horizontal swimming could be observed on 96HAH.As the sign of the late larvae stage,the larva exhausted all the yolk sac and entered the stage of exogenous feeding on 108HAH.Two-chamber air bladder formed on 14DAH (day after hatching).Fin rays were formed on 17DAH,the formation of scales occurred at the same time which means the larvae reached the juvenile stage.The total lengths of juvenile were (12.46±0.76)mm.Juvenile fish grew up to fingerling fish on 23DAH,the total lengths of fingerling were (17.09±1.08)mm and there was no difference in the morphological feature between fingerling fish and adult fish.Statistic analysis showed that the growth of O.bidens was allometric.This study provided theoretical basis for further development of artificial reproduction and fry culture of O.bidens.

To clarify the taxonomy of an Acrossocheilus fish(denoted by ZJxinchang) captured from Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, China, by combining morphological observation, we amplified and analyzed the mitochondrial COⅡ and D-loop gene and constructed phylogenetic trees. ZJxinchang was similar to Acrossocheilus in external morphology. The entire COⅡ and D-loop sequences were 691 bp and 931—944bp, respectively. The content of A+T was higher than G+C in both COⅡ and D-loop. The proportion of A+T were 57.30%—57.80% and 65.30%—65.90%, and the content of G was the lowest in the four bases. Only six transition sites in COⅡ gene, and several variation sites(transition, transversion, deletion, or insertion) in D-loop were determined. The average genetic distances of COⅡ and D-loop genes among ZJxinchang groups were respectively 0.003 and 0.005. Phylogenetic tree(NJ method) based on COⅡ and D-loop show that ZJxinchang and Acrossocheilus wenchowensis cluster closely, and the sequence similarity between them were 99.94% and 99.36% for COⅡ and D-loop, respectively. The genetic distances of COⅡ and D-loop between ZJxinchang and A. wenchowensis were 0.000 and 0.011, respectively; both are below species' divergence(0.05). In addition, the results demonstrate that ZJxinchang is a geographical group of A. wenchowensis; the morphological variation between ZJxinchang and the type species of A. wenchowensis might have been resulted from different living environments. D-loop gene evolved faster than COⅡ, and it is more suitable for exploring the intra- and inter-specific comparability of genus Acrossocheilus. Therefore, the finding shall be informative to the taxonomic study, and the utilization of Xingchang A. wenchowensis resources.

Morphological and histological features of ovary development of Acrossocheilus fasciatus were studied us-ing dissecting and tissue sectioning techniques. The results show that the ovary development in the first sexual cycle con-tained I-IV continuous stages. Four to five months after hatching (MAH), the ovary was at stage I and contained stage I oocytes. Six to 18 MAH, the ovary was at stage II, and contained stage II oocytes, during which unilaminar follicle mem-brane formed. Nineteen to 20 MAH, the ovary was at stage III, in which stage III oocytes were contained, the number of layers in follicle membrane changed from one to two, the zona radiate formed between the plasma membrane and follicle membrane. Furthermore, the vacuole and yolk granule appeared in the cytoplasm. Twenty-one to 22 MAH, the ovary was at stage IV, stage IV oocytes were contained, the oocyte cytoplasm was full of yolk granule. Twenty-three to 24 MAH, the ovary was at stage V, stage V oocytes were contained, and the follicle membrane at this stage began to desquamate. Twenty-five MAH, the ovary was at stage VI, empty follicle and oocytes at stage II and III could be found. The spawning season of this species was from June to July, the ovary changed back to stage II in September;in December it changed back to stage III, and over all the winter the ovary remained at this stage. In April, the ovary continued to develop and entered into stage IV. According the morphological and histological characteristics of ovary development, A. fasciatus should be classified into the group of short-term batch-releasing patterned fish.

Growth characteristics of generation 2010 （ 4 to 15 months after hatching） and generation 2009 （16 to 27 months after hatching） A. fasciatus were studied in Xinchang of Zhejiang province, including the male and female growth difference, growth feature and the change in body shape. The results show that there are quite significant differences on the total length （Lt ）, body height （H6）, body width （D） and body weight （W） between male and female, the growth rate of female is faster both generation 2010 and generation 2009 in this species. The growth equation of generation 2010 and generation 2009 A. fasciatus are Lt = 0. 268 ＋ 4. 932Hb （ r = 0. 9568）, Lt = 0. 236 ＋ 9.014D （ r = 0. 9941 ）, W = 8 × 10 ^- 3Lt3. 087 （ r = 0. 9921 ） and Lt = 1.255＋4.726Hb（r=0.961）, L,=l.364＋8.281D （r=0.9534）, IV=7 ×10^-3L,3. 179 （r=0.9623）, respectively. The generation 2010 A. fasciatus has a fast growth rate from April to August, whereas generation 2009 A. faseiatus grows slow from June to August in breeding period. During the whole growth process, there is difference on the body shape between male and female. There are quite significant differences on the total Length/body height, total length/body width, body height/body width, total length/head length, head height/body height and caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle height indexes of generation 2010 and generation 2009 A. fasciatus each month, while the total length/head height index has no significant difference in the same ease.

The Acrossocheilus fasciatus samples were investigated, using the traditional measurement methods and the classification of morphological features, the samples collected from Xinchang county, Zhejiang. The results suggested that： the number of dorsal fin was 3,8, pectoral fin 1,14-16,pelvic fin 1,8, and anal fin 3,5. The values of body length/body height, body length/head length, body length/snout length, body length/eye diameter, head length/snout length, eye diameter/head length were 3.18±0.47, 4.22±0.42, 13.02±4.55, 20.56±3.00, 3.08±1.03, 0.21±0.03 respectively. Taeniaes could be found on the side of the body. The distance between lip sucue was relatively wide, which is 1/3 times larger than the mouth width. The features of physiological and biochemical characters were also tested. The resuhs suggested that the mean values of lip fish blood red cells, white blood cells and neutrophils were 1.20×10^7/mm^3, 1.74×10^4/mm^3, 4.50×10^2/mm^3 respectively. In addition, 13 serum biochemical markers were investigated, significant differences were not observed, except for urea nitrogen, phosphorus, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase. The total protein of A. fasciatus was 44.00 g/L, glucose 15.87 mmol/L, cholesterol 7.32 mmol/L, triglycerides 6.61 mmol/L, calcium 2.37 mmol/L, magnesium 1.12 mmol/L, iron 6.00 mmol/L, uric acid 15.00 μmol/L,and glutami c-pyruvic transaminase 180.00U/L. The content of;iron in serum was significantly higher than that of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium. And the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher than that of alanine aminotransferase. When compared with the other different freshwater fishes, the content of blood triglyeeride, total proteins, glucose, calcium and magnesium ion in A. fasciatus were higher. Our datas could be used as the normal physiological constant reference in the following study of A. fasciatus.

The potential economic fish Acrossocheilus fasciatus has obvious advances for studies on the development of embryo,larva and juvenile.As far as we know,the development of this species remains unknown.In our current work,we aim to reveal how the embryonic,larval and juvenile development via artificial insemination in A.fasciatus.The results show that the fertilized egg of A.fasciatus is in shape of spherical,featured by sinking and slight-adhesive.When the temperature is 23—25℃,the duration of hatching lasts 46h 45min.The process of embryonic development undergoes the following 7 stages:blastoderm,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organogenesis and hatching.When the temperature is 24—27℃,the duration of larval and juvenile development lasts 22 days.The newly hatched larvae have big yolk sac and the rudiment of pectoral fin and anus are formed at this stage.With the decreasing of yolk sac,the larvae begin to ingestion and transform to mixed feeding stage at 4 DAH(day after hatching).3 days later,the yolk sac of larvae exhaust absolutely and enter into the exogenous feeding stage,meanwhile eight pigment strips and fins are all formed.Since then the larval development steps to the late larvae stage.As the larvae grow to the 14 DAH,most fin rays are formed integrity.The formation of scales starts from the 16 DAH and entirely complete at the 22 DAH.From now on,the ontogeny of A.fasciatus gets to the fingerling stage.

对采自浙江省新昌县的野生（平均质量15.3g）和养殖（平均质量14.9g）光唇鱼肌肉营养组成分别进行了测定和评价。野生光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.62%,脂肪2.66%,水分80.73%,灰分0.92%;养殖光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.51%,脂肪2.51%,水分80.65%,灰分0.94%;野生光唇鱼的水分、蛋白质和脂肪含量均较养殖光唇鱼略高。共检测到17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸8种,风味氨基酸4种。野生组的氨基酸总量显著高于养殖组;必需氨基酸的总量也高于养殖组。与养殖光唇鱼相比,野生光唇鱼肌肉中苏氨酸、亮氨酸及含硫氨基酸含量较高。以氨基酸评分为标准,光唇鱼肌肉的第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;以化学评分为标准,说明光唇鱼肌肉必需氨基酸组成相对平衡且含量丰富,是一种较为平衡的优质蛋白质。共检出22种脂肪酸,光唇鱼肌肉中所含饱和脂肪酸有9种;不饱和脂肪酸共有14种,其中单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸8种;饱和脂肪酸中C 16:0含量最大;而不饱和脂肪酸中C 16:1和C 18:2含量最高。多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸（C 20:5）含量为10.20%;二十碳六烯酸（C 22:6）含量为9.18%,在淡水鱼中是较高的,是一种优质的淡水食用鱼类。

Physiological and biochemical, laser Raman and scanning electron microscopy methods were used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of β-carotene on early pearl color formation in Hyriopsis cumingii. The experiment was divide into five groups, the last concentrations of β-carotene was 0, 0.000625%, 0.00125%, 0.0025% and 0.005% respectively. The results showed that SOD and POD enzyme specific activity were decreased, but CAT enzyme specific activity was increased when the concentration of β-carotene was 0.000625%. At the same concentration, the intensity values of CaCO3 laser Raman peak in 708cm-1 and 1088cm-1, β-carotene laser Raman peak in 1136cm-1 and 1528cm-1 were all the highest. They were 1761, 6003, 2630, 3359 respectively. The nacre aragonite crystal was also verified the best by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that the concentration of 0.000625% β-carotene can effectively promote the orderly crystallization of CaCO3 aragonite and optimum enhanced the early pearl’s color and lustre degrees in H. cumingii.

Mass moralities of Aerossocheilus fasciatus with red-skin were occurred in Xinchang fishery farm,Zhejiang province,in March 2010.The bacteria strain GCL100301 was isolated from liver of moribund Aerossocheilus fasciatus and identified by the bacteriological and molecule biology method,which were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens.The strain was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Neomycin and resistant to Penicillin,SMZ+TMP,Cefazolin,Novobiocin,Furazolidone and Ceftofur.It would provide theoretical event for prevention and cure this disease.

With 500 sexually matured wild Acrossocheilus fasciatus as clean fish(female:male=1:1) and outdoor cement ponds as the spawning and seeding pool,this paper adopted the way of setting the mesh box and using micro-flow water for inducing clean fish to spawn.Batches of fertilized eggs were obtained,which totaled 72 650 and the average fertilization rate was up to 85.3%.It took nearly 43 h for the larvae to hatch from the fertilized eggs at the temperature of 24±1 ℃.The total number of larvae reached 50 756,with the average hatching rate of 69.9%.After 25 days’cultivation,we obtained 45 275 larvae at 1.5 cm long.The survival rate was up to 89.2%.During the observation of embryonic development,we found out that it experienced several phases including blastoderm formation,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organ differentiation,etc.The results showed that cultivating in clean fish,setting the mesh box and using micro-flow water to induce clean fish to spawn were the key techniques to the artificial propagation of Acrossocheilus fasciatus.

With sexually matured and artificial breeding Acrossocheilus fasciatus as parent fish,this paper adopted the way of artificial insemination to obtain fertilized eggs.Fertilized eggs were incubated in the micro-flow water poor and the process of embryonic development was observed.The result shows that the eggs were 1.84~2.14 mm in diameter,sinkable,sticky and golden yellow.The diameter of the fertilized eggs expanded to 2.32~2.54 mm after hydrating.The process of embryonic development in Acrossocheilus fasciatus underwent the following six stages: blastoderm formation,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,and organ differentiation.When water temperature reaches(25±1) ℃,42 h 53 min were needed to hatch the embryos.The newly hatched larvae were 6.5±0.2 mm in length.The fore part of yolk sac expanded into a spherical shape and the hind part looked like a bar.In the process of embryonic development,their optic vesicle and olfactory placode,caudal fin and forrmation of lens appeared almost simultaneously.

In this paper,the effect of several factors on the vitality of Acrossocheilus fasciatus sperm were investigated through determination of activation rate,moving time and life-span.The results indicated that the suitable pH for sperm activation and movement was 6.5-8.0.When the sperm was in the solutins of pH values 7.0,the activation rate and moving time were(93.33±2.89)%,(30.33±1.53) s,respectedly.The activation rate,the moving time and life-span of sperm were(93.67±2.89)%,(36.00±1.00) s,(44.67±1.53) s,respectively when the sperm was activated in 0.4%g·L-1 NaCl solutions.Mealwhile in 0.7%g·L-1KCl solutions,the activation rate,the longest moving time and life-span of sperm were(93.33 ±2.89)%,(55.33 ±1.53) s,(65.33 ±2.31) s,respectively.But the sperm could not be activated in the solutions that the concentrations of CaCl2 and glucose ranged from 0.1% to 1.0% g·L-1.When the sperm was laid at room temperature 28-30 ℃ and low temperature4 ℃,a significant drop appeared after 3 h atroom temperature.But 5 hours later,no significant differences were found when the sperm was laid at low temperature.In addition,we found that CF-HBSS and 1.0% g·L-1 NaCl could be used for sperm cryopreservation through the filtering of several extenders.

<正>光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus)俗称淡水石斑鱼、罗丝鱼等,属鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、光唇鱼属。光唇鱼[1];肉质细嫩,颇受消费者青睐。但近年来,由于水域污染和过度捕捞等使其